Leadership Roles, Academic Appointments, and Scholarly Activity—Does a Fellowship after Plastic Surgery Training Make a Difference?

Christopher Adrienne N.,Patel Viren,Mellia Joseph A.,Morris Martin P.,Diatta Fortunay,Murphy Alexander I.,Fischer John P. 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.1

Background Fellowship training is becoming more popular in plastic surgery, with over half of residents pursuing advanced training. Here, we investigate how clinical and research fellowship training impacts career trajectory and scholastic achievement in academic plastic surgery.Methods Plastic surgery faculty members, from programs recognized by the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons, were identified using institutional Web sites. Data extracted included faculty demographics, training history, academic positions, and research productivity. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using t-tests and chi-square, respectively.Results In total, 949 faculty members were included, with 657 (69%) having completed fellowship training. Integrated program residents were more likely to complete a fellowship when compared with independent residents (p < 0.0001). Fellowship trained faculty were more likely to have graduated from a higher ranked residency program, in terms of both overall and research reputation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). When controlling for years in practice, there was no difference found in number of publications, Hirsch index (h-index), or National Institutes of Health funding between faculty between the two cohorts (p > 0.05). In a subanalysis comparing hand, craniofacial, microsurgery, and research fellowships, those who completed a research fellowship had higher h-indices and were more likely to reach full professor status (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Fellowship training had no effect on being promoted to Chief/Chair of departments (p = 0.16).Conclusion Fellowship training is common among academic plastic surgeons. In this study, both clinical and research fellowships were associated with various aspects of academic success. However, fellowship training alone did not affect attainment of leadership positions.

Interleukin-7 Availability Is Maintained by a Hematopoietic Cytokine Sink Comprising Innate Lymphoid Cells and T Cells

Martin, Christopher E.,Spasova, Darina S.,Frimpong-Boateng, Kwesi,Kim, Hee-Ok,Lee, Minji,Kim, Kwang Soon,Surh, Charles D. Elsevier 2017 Immunity Vol.47 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Interleukin-7 (IL-7) availability determines the size and proliferative state of the resting T cell pool. However, the mechanisms that regulate steady-state IL-7 amounts are unclear. Using experimental lymphopenic mouse models and IL-7-induced homeostatic proliferation to measure IL-7 availability in vivo, we found that radioresistant cells were the source of IL-7 for both CD4<SUP>+</SUP> and CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Hematopoietic lineage cells, although irrelevant as a source of IL-7, were primarily responsible for limiting IL-7 availability via their expression of IL-7R. Unexpectedly, innate lymphoid cells were found to have a potent influence on IL-7 amounts in the primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. These results demonstrate that IL-7 homeostasis is achieved through consumption by multiple subsets of innate and adaptive immune cells.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> IL-7 is produced by radioresistant cells and not by hematopoietic cells </LI> <LI> IL-7R expressed by hematopoietic cells controls IL-7 availability </LI> <LI> ILCs outcompete T cells for IL-7 by resisting IL-7-mediated IL-7R downregulation </LI> <LI> ILCs are more resistant to IL-7-mediated downmodulation of FOXO1 </LI> </UL> </P>

Self-gratification yields not-so-naive T cells

Martin, Christopher E,Surh, Charles D NATURE AMERICA INC 2014 NATURE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.15 No.3

von Willebrand Factor Antigen Predicts Outcomes in Patients after Liver Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Christoph Schwarz ),( Fabian Fitschek ),( Martina Mittlböck ),( Veronika Saukel ),( Simona Bota ),( Monika Ferlitsch ),( Arnulf Ferlitsch ),( Martin Bodingbauer ),( Klaus Kaczirek ) 대한간학회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.2

Background/Aims: von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF-Ag) is a noninvasive predictor of portal hypertension that serves as a negative prognostic marker in various malignancies. Increased portal hypertension is associated with higher postoperative morbidity and decreased survival after hepatectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between vWF-Ag, postoperative morbidity and oncological outcome. Methods: This analysis includes 55 patients who underwent liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 2008 and 2015 with available preoperative vWF-Ag levels. The primary endpoints were postoperative complications and long-term outcome, including overall and disease-free survival. Results: The median plasma level of vWF-Ag was 191% (range, 162.5% to 277%). There was a significant correlation between vWF-Ag levels and tumor size in the resected specimens (p=0.010, r=0.350). Patients who developed any grade of postoperative complication had significantly higher preoperative vWF-Ag levels (216% [range, 178% to 283.25%] vs 176% [range, 148% to 246%], p=0.041). Median overall survival was 39.8 months in patients with high vWF-Ag levels (≥191%) compared with 73.4 months in patients with low levels (<191%, p=0.007). Of note, there was a remarkable disparity in the number of patients who died of HCC with low versus high vWF-Ag levels (14.8% vs 28.6%, p=0.011). Conclusions: vWF-Ag may serve as a prognostic marker for the outcome of patients undergoing liver resection for HCC that is closely connected to tumor size, postoperative complication rate and long-term outcome. (Gut Liver 2020;14:218-224)

IL-7/anti–IL-7 mAb complexes augment cytokine potency in mice through association with IgG-Fc and by competition with IL-7R

Martin, Christopher E.,van Leeuwen, Ester M. M.,Im, Se Jin,Roopenian, Derry C.,Sung, Young-Chul,Surh, Charles D. American Society of Hematology 2013 Blood Vol.121 No.22

<P>Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is essential to T-cell survival as well as homeostatic proliferation, and clinical trials that exploit the mitogenic effects of IL-7 have achieved success in treating human diseases. In mice, the in vivo potency of IL-7 improves dramatically when it is administered as a complex with the anti–IL-7 neutralizing monoclonal antibody clone M25. However, the mechanism whereby M25 augments IL-7 potency is unknown. We have analyzed the discrete contributions of the antibody constant (Fc) and IL-7-binding (Fab) domains to the mechanism. By engaging the neonatal Fc receptor the Fc domain extends the in vivo lifespan of IL-7/M25 complexes and accounts for the majority of their activity. Unexpectedly, the IL-7–neutralizing Fab domain provides an additional, albeit smaller, contribution, possibly by serving as a cytokine depot. This study is the first to demonstrate that the neutralizing aspect of the monoclonal antibody is directly involved in enhancing the potency of a cytokine with a single form of receptor. Lessons from the mechanism of IL-7/M25 complexes inform the design of next-generation cytokine therapeutics.</P>

No Impact of RASs on the Efficacy of SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks in DAA-Experienced Patients: Integrated Analysis of the POLARIS-1/POLARIS-4 Studies

( Christoph Sarrazin ),( Curtis L. Cooper ),( Michael P. Manns ),( Rajender Reddy ),( Kris Kowdley ),( Sooji Lee ),( Hadas Dvory-Sobol ),( Evguenia Svarovskia ),( Ross Martin ),( Gregory Camus ),( Bri 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The pangenotypic combination of sofosbuvir (SOF) /velpatasvir (VEL)/voxilaprevir(VOX), inhibit distinct HCV targets, the NS5B polymerase, the NS5A protein, and NS3/4A protease, respectively. In Phase 3 studies, SOF/VEL/VOX administered for 12weeks demonstrated a 96% SVR12 rate in NS5A inhibitor-experienced patients in POLARIS-1, and a 97% SVR12 rate in DAA-experienced patient who had not previously received an NS5A inhibitor in POLARIS-4. Here, we evaluate the effect of baseline resistance associated substitutions (RASs) on treatment outcome and the emergence of RASs in patients who experienced virologic failure. Methods: NS3, NS5A, and NS5B deep sequencing was performed at baseline for all patients and at the time of virologic failure. NS3 and NS5A class RASs as well as VOX or VEL-specific RASs that confer >2.5-fold changes in EC50 were evaluated. Results: In POLARIS-1, 79% of NS5A inhibitor-experienced patients (205/260) had baseline NS3 and/or NS5A class RASs. Of these, 75% (196/260) had baseline NS5A RASs, the most common RASs. The SVR12 rates were similar in subjects with or without NS3 and/or NS5A class RASs, and with or without VOX or VEL-specific RASs(Table 1). RASs at NS5A position Y93 were present in 25% of patients, of whom 63(95%) achieved SVR12; all patients with ≥2 NS5A RASs achieved SVR12 (n=77). 95%(18/19) of patients with NS5B nucleoside inhibitor(NI) RASs achieved SVR12; 2 patients had S282T at baseline and achieved SVR12. In POLARIS-4, the overall prevalence of baseline NS3 and/or NS5A class RASs was 47%(83/178) and all achieved SVR12. All patients with. Conclusions: Baseline RASs had no impact on response in DAA-experienced patients following treatment with SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks. Viral relapse was not associated with emergence of viral resistance.

Leadership Roles, Academic Appointments, and Scholarly Activity—Does a Fellowship after Plastic Surgery Training Make a Difference?

Christopher Adrienne N.,Patel Viren,Mellia Joseph A.,Morris Martin P.,Diatta Fortunay,Murphy Alexander I.,Fischer John P. 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.2

Background Fellowship training is becoming more popular in plastic surgery, with over half of residents pursuing advanced training. Here, we investigate how clinical and research fellowship training impacts career trajectory and scholastic achievement in academic plastic surgery.Methods Plastic surgery faculty members, from programs recognized by the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons, were identified using institutional Web sites. Data extracted included faculty demographics, training history, academic positions, and research productivity. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using t-tests and chi-square, respectively.Results In total, 949 faculty members were included, with 657 (69%) having completed fellowship training. Integrated program residents were more likely to complete a fellowship when compared with independent residents (p < 0.0001). Fellowship trained faculty were more likely to have graduated from a higher ranked residency program, in terms of both overall and research reputation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). When controlling for years in practice, there was no difference found in number of publications, Hirsch index (h-index), or National Institutes of Health funding between faculty between the two cohorts (p > 0.05). In a subanalysis comparing hand, craniofacial, microsurgery, and research fellowships, those who completed a research fellowship had higher h-indices and were more likely to reach full professor status (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Fellowship training had no effect on being promoted to Chief/Chair of departments (p = 0.16).Conclusion Fellowship training is common among academic plastic surgeons. In this study, both clinical and research fellowships were associated with various aspects of academic success. However, fellowship training alone did not affect attainment of leadership positions.

Improved Survival of Cancer Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between 2002 and 2011 at a U.S. Teaching Hospital

Christopher Martin Sauer,Jinghui Dong,Leo Anthony Celi,Daniele Ramazzotti 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.3

Purpose Cancer patients are at increased risk of treatment- or disease-related admission to the intensive care unit. Over the past decades, both critical care and cancer care have improved substantially. Due to increased cancer-specific survival, we hypothesized that the number of cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and survival have increased. Materials and Methods MIMIC-III was used to study trends and outcomes of cancer patients admitted to the ICU between 2002 and 2011. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounders of mortality. Results Among 41,468 patients analyzed, 1,083 were hemato-oncologic, 4,330 were oncologic and 66 patients had both a hematological and solid malignancy. Admission numbers more than doubled and the proportion of cancer patients in the ICU increased steadily from 2002 to 2011. In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, solid cancers and hematologic cancers were strongly associated with 28-day mortality. This association was even stronger for 1-year mortality, with odds ratios of 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.69 to 4.38) and 2.25 (95% CI, 1.93 to 2.62), respectively. Over the 10-year study period, both 28-day and 1-year mortality decreased, with hematologic patients showing the strongest annual adjusted decrease in the odds of death. There was considerable heterogeneity among solid cancer types. Conclusion Between 2002 and 2011, the number of cancer patients admitted to the ICU more than doubled, while clinical severity scores remained overall unchanged, suggesting improved treatment. Although cancer patients had higher mortality rates, both 28-day and 1-year mortality of hematologic patients decreased faster than that of non-cancer patients, while mortality rates of cancer patients strongly depended on cancer type.

Dual antiplatelet therapy does not scare away the erector spinae plane block

Christopher A. Smith,Kelly M. Martin 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.72 No.3

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Biochemical Study of Recombinant PcrA from Staphylococcus aureus for the Development of Screening Assays

Dubaele, Sandy,Martin, Christophe,Bohn, Jacqueline,Chene, Patrick Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.1

Helicases are ubiquitous enzymes, which utilize the energy liberated during nucleotide triphosphate hydrolysis to separate double-stranded nucleic acids into single strands. These enzymes are very attractive targets for the development of new antibacterial compounds. The PcrA DNA helicase from Staphylococcus aureus is a good candidate for drug discovery. This enzyme is unique in the genome of S. aureus and essential for this bacterium. Furthermore, it has recently been published that it is possible to identify inhibitors of DNA helicases such as PcrA. In this report, we study the properties of recombinant PcrA from S. aureus purified from Escherichia coli to develop ATPase and helicase assays to screen for inhibitors.