개도국의 WTO법자문센터(ACWL) 활용과 제도적 시사점 연구

정보영(Chung, Boyoung),김민정(Kim, Minjung) 한국국제경제법학회 2018 국제경제법연구 Vol.16 No.3

WTO 분쟁해결제도 운영에 있어 개발도상국의 참여가 중요한 문제로 제기되면서 분쟁해결양해(DSU) 제27.2조를 바탕으로 WTO 사무국이 제공하던 개도국에 대한 자문 및 법률지원 서비스가 WTO 외부의 독립기관인 WTO법자문센터(Advisory Centre on WTO Law: ACWL) 설립으로 확대, 발전하였다. 본 논문은 ACWL의 제도적 의의를 조명하고 2001년부터의 분쟁해결 지원 활동을 분석하여 향후 제기될 제도적 문제와 시사점을 논의하였다. ACWL 조직과 운영체계에 대한 연구결과, WTO 회원국에 국한되지 않은 광범위한 대상을 지원하되 소득과 무역 비중 등 개도국 상황을 고려하여 차등적인 운영체계를 갖추고 있으며 분쟁해결 지원 관련 높은 전문성과 경험을 축적하고 있다는 점을 알 수 있다. 그러나 선진국의 기부 자금을 바탕으로 운영되고 있어 향후 센터 역할이 확대될 경우를 대비한 근본적인 재정적, 제도적 논의가 필요한 실정이다. ACWL의 핵심적인 역할이라고 할 수 있는 WTO 분쟁해결제도 관련 법률지원 서비스는 전반적으로 긍정적인 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 분석된다. 즉, ACWL의 지원 사례가 증가하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 지원을 받는 경우 개도국이 분쟁해결을 위해 절차적 단계를 최대한 활용하는 경향이 높아지는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 피소국 및 제3국 참여 지원은 개도국의 법률 역량을 장기적으로 제고하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 ACWL 지원이 기술적, 법률적 지원에 집중되어 있어 분쟁해결제도 접근을 근본적으로 확대하기에는 한계가 있는 것으로 평가된다. The WTO dispute settlement system has been dominantly utilized by developed countries, which led to the fundamental imbalance issue for developing countries in participation of WTO system, particularly in the dispute settlement (DS) system. The Advisory Center on WTO Law(ACWL), established as an independent body to help overcome the problem, have played important and active roles in providing legal consultation, training program, and dispute settlement support in order to help developing countries effectively participate in the DS mechanism as well as in various works of the WTO. This paper explores the ACWL’s operation, focusing on cases of its major regulatory advice as well as legal consultation given to fulfill the DS proceedings, and aims to draw institutional implications for the center’s future development. Major findings show that the ACWL seems have widened opportunities for developing countries to utilize the WTO DS mechanism through its policies for development-based membership and service fees, billing caps on time-related budget, and with lowered financial burdens for third-party-participation. Nevertheless, the Center’s professional but relative technical aspects of assistance may not create enough inertia for developing countries to surpass diplomatic consideration before utilizing the DS mechanism as a viable option. In addition, there need to be continued efforts to expand the Center’s members and capacity, expecting that there might be increased demand for its services in the near future; especially, accession by developed-country members is considered critical to ensure sustainable operation of the organization.

베체트씨 증후군 환자에서 이식 총목동맥에서 발생한 가성동맥류의 Stent-Graft 삽입 1례

정보영,최동훈,고충원,이도연,심원흠 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8

영유아교육에서 관찰과 기록의 차이 탐구 : 영유아 관찰, 레지오 에밀리아 교육의 기록, 개정 누리과정 놀이 관찰과 기록을 중심으로

박보영(Boyoung Park),정선아(Shunah Chung) 한국어린이교육문화비평학회 2021 영유아교육과정연구 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 그동안 영유아교육에서 이루어져 온 영유아 관찰, 레지오 교육의 기록작업과 2019 개정 누리과정의 놀이 관찰과 기록 간에 차이를 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 이에 따라 영유아 관찰, 레지오 에밀리아 교육의 기록작업, 2019 개정 누리과정의 놀이 관찰과 기록의 목적, 내용, 방법, 활용의 측면에서 비교하였다. 그 결과 영유아 관찰은 영유아의 발달을 선결정된 틀에 따라 그 상태를 설명하기 위해 객관적이고 형식적으로 기술하였다. 또한 영유아 관찰은 곧 영유아 평가로 여겨지며 영유아의 발달을 위해 교육 계획을 수립하기 위한 수단으로 사용되었다. 레지오 에밀리아 교육의 기록작업은 열린 마음으로 영유아의 학습 과정에 귀 기울이는 것으로서, 영유아의 사진, 글, 그림 등과 같은 다양한 언어를 사용하여 이미지화 하고, 영유아, 동료 교사, 부모와의 소통, 그리고 교사 성찰의 도구로 사용되었다. 마지막으로 2019 개정 누리과정의 놀이 관찰과 기록은 사건으로서 영유아의 놀이(배움)를 포착하고 의미 짓는다. 놀이 관찰과 기록의 행위주체성을 인정하며, 놀이 관찰과 기록이 교사에게 작용하여 영유아를 이해하고, 교육적 실천을 할 수 있는 교육과정 실행 그 자체로 바라보고 있다. 본 연구는 영유아 관찰, 레지오 에밀리아 교육의 기록작업, 2019 개정 누리과정의 놀이 관찰과 기록의 차이를 비교함으로써 놀이 관찰과 기록의 의미를 명확히 하였다는 것에 그 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to reveal the difference between observation of children, Reggio Emilia documentation and the observation and document of play spoken in the 2019 National Nuri curriculum. Accordingly, three aspects were compared: 1) the purpose and contents 2) the method and 3) the utilization. As a result, observation of children was made to explain child development status according to a predetermined framework, which was described objectively and formally. In addition, observation of children is considered to be an evaluation of child and was used as a means of developing educational plans for the development of child. The Reggio Emilia documentation is to listen to the learning process of children with an open mind. The documentation was imaged using various languages such as photography, writing, and painting of children. The documentation was used as a tool for communication with children, fellow teachers, and parents, or as a tool for reflection by teachers. Finally, the 2019 National Nuri curriculum’s observation and document of play captures and means the play of children as an event. It recognized the agency of the play document and believed that the observation and document of play would act on teachers so that they could understand children and carry out educational praxis. This study is significant in that it clarified the meaning of observation and document by comparing differences in observation of children, Reggio Emilia documentation and observation and document of paly in the 2019 National Nuri curriculum.

구조물의 계측 데이터 기반 시스템식별 기법

김보영(Kim, Boyoung),강준원(Kang, Jun Won),김은영(Kim, Eunyoung),이유빈(Lee, Yubin),이효정(Lee, Hyojeong),정지연(Chung, Jiyeon) 대한토목학회 2019 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.10

0세 영아반 교사의 ‘돌봄행위’(caring)에서 돌봄통합교육과정 수행성 보기

정선아(Shunah Chung),박보영(Boyoung Park) 한국생태유아교육학회 2023 생태유아교육연구 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 어린이집에서 교육보다는 돌봄이 가장 많이 필요한 시기라고 간주하는 0세반 교사의 돌봄행위를 통해 돌봄이 영아의 배움이 수반되는 교육적 행위이므로 돌봄통합교육과정으로 의미 지을 수 있음을 보여주는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 0세반 교사의 1년간의 영아의 배움이 담긴 놀이기록과 교사의 돌봄을 포함한 교육적 행위가 담긴 연간 교육계획안을 수집하고, 교사와 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 0세반 교사는 신체돌봄, 정서돌봄, 정치돌봄 및 인식론적돌봄행위에서 영아의 배움이 일어나는 교육과정을 수행하고 있었다. 영아는 교사의 돌봄행위에서 배움을 만들며 교육과정을 수행하고 있었다. 이 둘은 서로 교차하고 얽히며 교육과정을 생성하고 있었으며, 이는 곧 돌봄통합교육과정이었다. This study's purpose is to show that care can be defined as a curriculum with caring because it is an educational activity involving infant learning through a 0-year-old teacher's caring behavior who considers caring the most important education in daycare centers. Thus, the play documents containing a year of infant learning by a 0-year-old teacher, an annual education plan containing educational activities, including the caring of teachers and interviews were collected. ﾠThe 0-year-old teacher was carrying out a curriculum in which infant learning took place in “care for”, “care about”, “care with”, and “epistemological care”. Infants were carrying out the curriculum by learning from the teacher's caring behavior. They were intersecting and intertwining with each other to make a curriculum; thus, a curriculum with caring.

한국판 Early Years Toolbox (EYT)의 타당화 연구

정선아(Shunah Chung),김인경(Inkyung Kim),김희진(Heejin Kim),마유미(Yumi Ma),박보영(Boyoung Park) 한국아동학회 2018 아동학회지 Vol.39 No.6

Objectives: The aim of this study is to validate the Early Years Toolbox (EYT), which can measure executive function of children. Methods: Participants in this study were 197 3 to 5-years-old children in one kindergarten and two day care centers. An analysis of EYTs the construct validity, the concurrent validity, and reliability were performed. Results: As a result, each tool has a reciprocal static correlation (r = .22~.41, p < .05) appeared to be present, indicating that there was no difficulty in assembling them into a single factor. Also, Mr. Ant and The Eight Boxes Task (r = .19, p < .05), Go/No-Go and Lift Flag Task (r = .28, p < .05), Not This and Dig it span - Backward (r = .27, p < .05), Card Sorting and Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS)(r = .57, p < .05), Expressive Vocabulary and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test–Expressive (REVT-E)(r = .66, p < .05), Numbers and Mathematical Ability Picture Test for Young Children (r = .73, p < .05) all had significant correlation. However, it was impossible to confirm the correlation between Childrens Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) and Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (PKBS). Finally, the EYT demonstrated high internal consistency, which enabled the verification of the reliability of the tool. Conclusions: The Early Years Toolbox is a reliable and valid executive function instrument for children and is recommended for evaluating executive function.

Can magnetocardiography detect patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction?

Lim, Hyun Kyoon,Chung, Namsik,Kim, Kiwoong,Ko, Young-Guk,Kwon, Hyukchan,Lee, Yong-Ho,Kim, Jin-Mok,Joung, Boyoung,Kim, Jin-Bae,Yu, Kwon Kyu,Cho, Jung-Rae,Kim, In-Seon,Park, Yong Ki Informa Healthcare 2007 Annals of medicine Vol.39 No.8

<P> Background and aim. Magnetocardiography (MCG) has been proposed as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to risk-stratify patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia. The purpose of this study is to find the MCG parameters that are sensitive enough to detect the non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Methods. MCG data were recorded and analyzed from 165 young controls (mean age = 27.2±9.0 years), 57 age-matched controls (mean age = 55.9±10.5 years) and 83 NSTEMI patients (mean age = 59.7±11.1 years). The MCG recordings were obtained using a 64-channel MCG system in a magnetically shielded room. Statistical analyses were performed for 24 parameters derived from QRS-, R-, T-wave, and ST-T period. Binary boundaries to detect NSTEMI patients out of control subjects were found using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each parameter. Results. Fifteen parameters showed a significant difference (P<0.05 and P<0.01) between NSTEMI and both of the control groups. For detection of NSTEMI, the angle of the maximum current and the filed map angle on T-wave peak showed the highest diagnostic performance from 75% to 92% including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (area under ROC curve = 0.87∼0.93). Conclusions. Our study showed that MCG has potential clinical application for detection of NSTEMI and should be further investigated.</P>

Timing of Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Curative Surgery for Colorectal Cancer

Kyoung Tae Noh,Boyoung Oh,Ryung-Ah Lee,Soon Sup Chung,Kwang Ho Kim 대한종양외과학회 2011 대한임상종양학회 학술대회지 Vol.2011 No.9

갱생 옥내급수관 수돗물에서 비스페놀-A 분포 및 위해성 평가

정관조(Gwanjo Jeong),손보영(Boyoung Son),이인자(Inja Lee),안치화(Chihwa Ahn),김준일(Junil Kim),문보람(Boram Moon),이수원(Suwon Lee),안재찬(Jaechan Ahn),김복순(Bogsoon Kim),정득모(Deukmo Chung) 대한환경공학회 2016 대한환경공학회지 Vol.38 No.7

본 연구에서는 에폭시 수지 갱생 옥내급수관 수돗물에 대해 비스페놀-A 실태조사를 실시하였고, 비스페놀-A가 수돗물 음용에 있어 인체에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 위해성 평가를 실시하였다. 원수 중 비스페놀-A는 50~118 ng/L로 채취된 모든 시료에서 정량한계 10 ng/L 이상으로 검출되었다. 이것은 주변지역의 하수 방류수나 지천에 의한 비스페놀-A 유입에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 정수에서의 비스페놀-A는 불검출되었으며, 고도정수처리 공정에서 모두 제거된 것으로 추정되었다. 응집-침전과정과 오존 및 염소에 의해 산화되어 제거되거나 다른 산화 부산물질로 변화한 것으로 판단된다. 옥내급수관 수돗물의 경우, 에폭시 갱생공사를 실시하지 않은 수돗물 모두에서 비스페놀-A는 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 에폭시 갱생공사를 실시한 옥내급수관 수돗물에서 비스페놀-A가 불검출에서 최대 521 ng/L로 범위로 검출되었으며, 채취된 시료의 68%가 정량한계 이상으로 검출되었다. 검출된 비스페놀-A의 최대값(521 ng/L)에 대한 위해도 지수 산정 결과, 위해도 지수(HQ)는 약 0.004로 수돗물 섭취에 의한 위해판단 기준값 0.1 이하로 나타나 음용에 안전한 것을 확인하였다. In this study, the survey of bisphenol-A in indoor water service pipes rehabilitated with epoxy resin was conducted and the risk assessment was done to investigate the effect on the human health to drink tap water. Bisphenol-A in raw water was detected in a range of 50~118 ng/L in all samples, where the limit of quantification was 10 ng/L. This is caused by inflow of the sewage effluent or the tributaries of the surrounding area containing bisphenol-A. Bisphenol-A was not detected in finished water after the advanced water treatment process. It was achieved by its removal from the processes of flocculation-precipitation and oxidation of ozone and chlorine and by being changed to other by-product materials. For the indoor water service pipe, bisphenol-A was not detected in all cases which was not coated with epoxy resin. However, when epoxy resin is lined within the indoor water service pipe, bisphenol-A was identified at maximum level of 521 ng/L and was detected above the limit of quantitation at 68 percentages of all samples. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) at the maximum level (521 ng/L) of the detected bisphenol-A is 0.004, which is less than the reference value of 0.1 for the tap water intake. Therefore, it is considered that the detected levels of bisphenol-A in this study would be safe to drink tap water.

Clinical manifestations and patch-test results in facial contact dermatitis induced by disposable face masks

( Seokyoung Kang ),( Jincheol Kim ),( Minje Jung ),( Boyoung Chung ),( Chunwook Park ),( Hyeone Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: The patients with facial contact dermatitis by wearing a disposable mask were rapidly increased due to the outbreak of COVID-19 Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestation and results of allergy patch test for the patients with facial contact dermatitis induced by disposable mask. Methods: The clinical manifestations, and patch-test (T.R.U.E. TEST®) results of 26 patients with contact dermatitis induced by the disposable mask (mask group) and 70 patients by other cause (control group) are investigated as a control group. Results: The skin lesion was more common in centrofacial area (69.23%) than peripheral area (30.76%). Hyperkeratosis (23.07%) and xerosis (11.53%) were more frequent in mask group. Patients in mask group complained mostly itching (57.69%) and flushing (23.07%). Patients in mask group show more positive reaction of Potassium dichromate (26.92%, [mask group] vs 10.00%, [control group]) and 4-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (15.38%, [mask group] vs 2.85%, [control group]) than control group in patch-test results. Eleven patients in control group (15.71%) were negative reaction of all items in patch-test result, in contrast only one patient showed negative reaction in mask group (3.84%). The patients of mask group showed clinical improvement after changing to cloth mask Conclusion: Patients with the facial contact dermatitis induced by disposable mask presented different contact sensitization profiles compared to control group