PET분해효소(PETase) 과발현 전세포 촉매의 해양미세플라스틱 생분해 활성 연구

김현지,임성인,박종하,박애란,이대희,전준호,권혁택 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The increased production and consumption of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based products over the past several decades has resulted in the discharge of countless tons of PET waste into the marine environment. PET microparticles resulting from the physical erosion of general PET wastes end up in the ocean and pose a threat to the marine biosphere and human health, necessitating the development of new technologies for recycling and upcycling. Notably, enzyme-mediated PET degradation is an appealing option due to its eco-friendly and energy-saving characteristics. PETase, a PET-hydrolyzing enzyme originating from Ideonella sakaiensis, is one of the most thoroughly researched biological catalysts. However, the industrial application of PETase-mediated PET recycling is limited due to the low stability and poor reusability of the enzyme. Here we developed the whole-cell catalyst (WCC) in which functional PETase is attached to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. Immunoassays are used to identify the surface-expressed PETase, and we demonstrated that the WCC degraded PET microparticles most efficiently at 30°C and pH 9 without agitation. Furthermore, the WCC increased the PET-degrading activity in a concentration-dependent manner, surpassing the limited activity of soluble PETase above 100 nM. Finally, we demonstrated that the WCC could be recycled up to three times.

바이오소재 활용을 위한 국내 수산가공부산물의 통계 현황 연구

안소언,강도형,장덕희 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.2

By-products from fisheries produced in Korea are of the same industrial material as imported raw materials and are valuable resources for marine bioindustries. Securing raw materials for the mass production of functional materials is one of the main objectives for marine bioindustrial development. The use of fishery by-products as raw materials is anticipated to increase rapidly as the biomarket is growing into a promising industry. In this study, data were acquired from an open-source environment to perform exploratory data analysis, and various visualization methods were used to compare fishery production to the production of marine processed products in the year 2020. This study suggested that the amount of seafood processing, types of processing items, and areas where fishery processing residue is generated, should be able to secure hygienic raw material supply in large quantities. Thus far, it has been found that the Gyeonggi-do and Busan province, where HACCP-certified processing facilities are concentrated, and the local government Seafood Cluster and the Smart Aquaculture Cluster are at the forefront of stable, mass production of raw materials.

해양 방선균 유래 항 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 물질의 활성 및 상승 효과

정성윤 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.2

We isolated marine actinomycetes, strain D-5 which produces anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) compound. Streptomyces sp. D-5 relatively grew well in the 20∼25℃, pH 8.0, and NaCl 3.0%. The ethyl acetate extract of D-5 culture was separated by C ODS open column and reverse phase HPLC to yield anti-MRSA compound. The molecular weight of this compound was determined to be 898 by a Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Compared with penicillin G, this compound showed significant anti-MRSA activity. It also exhibited an inhibition zone of 26 mm at a concentration of 64 µg/disk and an inhibition zone of 16 mm at a concentration of 16 µg/disk against the MRSA KCCM 40511. Furthermore, the co-treatment of HPLC peak 5 compound and vancomycin caused a more rapid decrease in MRSA cells than each compound alone. It showed 86.8% growth inhibition activity within 12 hours at a low concentration of 50 µg/mL during co-treatment, and 97.1% growth inhibition activity within 48 hours against MRSA KCCM 40511. Taken together, our results suggest that Streptomyces sp. D-5 and its anti-MRSA compound could be employed as a potent agent in MRSA infection.

수산부산물에 대한 해양바이오산업 활용 의향 조사 연구

장덕희,오철홍,안소언 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2023 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study examines a business survey on the utilization of fishery by-products with the aim to assess the feasibility of incorporating these by-products into various industries. The research involved surveying 312 biocompanies across the country and conducting an empirical analysis based on the collected data. South Korea, a leading seafood-producing country with a developed seafood processing industry, provides conditions necessary to utilize seafood by-products as raw materials for the marine bioindustry. Among the surveyed biocompanies, 38.5% expressed their intention to engage in industrial activities involving the use of fishery by-products in the future, indicating a significant level of interest within the bioindustry in utilizing marine and fishery by-products. Companies showed interest in diverse materials, such as scales, fish bones, skin, and kelp holdfast beyond those currently defined under the Fisheries By-products Recycling Promotion Act (officially unnamed, 2021). This suggests a need for improvements in the regulatory framework to accommodate these diverse biomaterials. Furthermore, we propose enhancing the efficiency of fishery by-product utilization by focusing on regional specialization in marine bioindustry. This involves utilizing existing legal framework for upcycling fishery by-products and fostering a regionally specialized marine bioindustry.

충남 해양바이오산업 현황과 전략 분석

정명화,차선희 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2021 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Ironically, marine bioresource production in Chungnam Province is the second-largest in the country. The province’s marine bioresource production puts its lack of a marine bioindustry in the spotlight despite the region’s favorable conditions to produce representative value-added and (ultra) high value-added products such as neutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical function. This juxtaposition is to be expected, as there are no institutions for training professionals in the field of marine biology or in the fisheries industry in the West Sea area. The unique features of the region require individuals with specialized training who have been educated in accordance with regional development and the specificity of the region. Recently, however, a plan has been initiated at the national level to foster the growth of the marine biology industry in the Chungnam Province on Korea’s west coast. This plan includes increasing funds to the marine biology market to 1.2 trillion by 2030. If the Chungnam region wants to successfully revitalize the marine biology industry and put the increased funds to efficient use, it must first establish various research and (business) development (R&(B)D) plans regarding local marine biology infrastructures and marine biology programs at local universities. It must also focus on training specialists to protect, maintain, and develop the region’s marine bioresources to increase the growth of the region’s bioindustry.

가스공급속도 및 광도조절을 이용한 담수미세조류 Parachlorella sp.의 바이오매스 생산성 향상

김지훈,이창수,임경준,홍성주,장희수,장현진,윤석민,이승환,이철균 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2023 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The objective of the present study was to improve the biomass productivity of newly isolated freshwater green microalga Parachlorella sp. This was accomplished by culture conditions optimization, including CO2 concentration, superficial gas velocity, and light intensity, in 0.5 L bubble column photobioreactors. The supplied CO2 concentration and gas velocity varied from 0.032% (air) to 10% and 0.02 m/s - 0.11 m/s, respectively, to evaluate their effects on growth kinetics. Next, to maximize the production rate of Parachlorella sp., a lumostatic operation based on a specific light uptake rate (qe) was applied. From these results, the optimal CO2 concentration in the supplied gas and the gas velocity were determined to be 5% and 0.064 m/s, respectively. For the lumostatic operation at 10.2 μmol/g/s, biomass productivity and photon yield showed significant increases of 83% and 66%, respectively, relative to cultures under constant light intensity. These results indicate that the biomass productivity of Parachlorella sp. can be improved by optimizing gas properties and light control as cell concentrations vary over time.

꼬시래기 유래 폴리사카라이드의 보습유지 및 피부개선효과

박은경,김혜원,지용현,박상희 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2017 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구는 홍조류의 대표적 다당류인 카라기난, 한천과는 물성적 차별성을 가지는 다당류 추출물을 제조하여 300kDa, 500kDa, 1,000kDa의 사이즈를 확인하였다. 다양한 사이즈의 꼬시래기 유래 다당류 추출물은 인체적용 안전성 시험에 무자극의 안전성을 확인하였으며 PRIMOS High Resolution을 이용한 눈가주름 부위와 볼부위의 피부개선의 Roughness 변수 별 측정값을 분석한 결과, 꼬시래기 유래 다당류 추출물을 함유하는 크림의 적용 부위의 Ra값은 시료 적용 전에 비하여 통계적으로 유의한 수준 (p<0.05)으로 적용 4주 후 감소함으로 꼬시래기 유래 다당류 추출물이 눈가주름 개선 및 피부결 개선에 도움을 주는 것으로 확인하였다. Cutometer를 이용한 볼 부위의 피부탄력 변수 별 측정값을 분석한 결과, 꼬시래기 유래 다당류 추출물을 함유하는 크림은 적용 2주 후, 적용 4주 후 피부탄력 개선에 도움을 주는 것으로 확인하였다. 당업계에서 가장 대표적인 보습원료인 1% Hyaluronic acid 액제 대비 인체 적용 보습효과에서 3시간까지 수분유지능에서 1% Hyaluronic acid의 5.2% 감소율 대비 본 연구개발에서 추출된 다당류 추출물의 건조잔량은 0.5%임에도 불구하고 2.7%의 낮은 수분 감소율을 나타냄으로 본 연구의 꼬시래기 유래 다당류 추출물은 눈가주름 개선, 피부결 개선 및 보습 유지력을 갖는 화장품 원료로서 개발 가능성을 확인하였다. Polysaccharides are useful materials for keep skin moisturizing and skin improvement cosmetic materials. We have isolated polysaccharides form Gracilariopsis sp. The polysaccharide derived from Gracilariopsis sp. have various size of 300kDa, 500kDa and over 1,000kDa. The volunteers applied a cream formula with polysaccharides from Graciariopsis sp. for 4 weeks. We found significant improvement of wrinkles and skin texture. We also found an effect of improving skin elasticity. When the moisture reduction rate of the skin was 2.8% lower than the 5.1% of hyaluronic acid. The polysaccharide extract from Gracilariopsis sp. showed stable pH and viscosity. The polysaccharides derived from Gracilariopsis sp. could be used as a cosmetic material.

비스페놀A 유도 간 손상 마우스에서 해삼(Stichopus japonicas) 추출물 및 가수분해물의 간 기능 개선 효과

김세정,김진성,조윤호,박비오,유대석,김두호,김민정,곽연길 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective activities of the sea cucumber products, including extracts and hydrolysates, in vitro and in vivo. Dried sea cucumber, produced on the western coast of Korea, was boiled in water or 70% ethanol at 85°C or 100°C for 18 or 24 h, respectively, to extract bioactive compounds. The enzymatic hydrolysates were prepared by reacting the dried sea cucumber with pepsin or neutral protease (PNL) under optimal enzyme conditions. The anti-inflammatory effect of the samples was investigated using RAW 264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The amount of nitric oxide (NO) was produced from the cells treated with LPS and each sample was compared. Therefore, the pepsin hydrolysate treatment decreased NO production compared to LPS sole treatment. Furthermore, the effects of the samples on cell injury in the hepatic cell line and bisphenolA-induced hepatic injury mouse model were investigated. The water extracts and the pepsin hydrolysates of sea cucumber significantly inhibited cell injury generated in the hepatocytes without cytotoxicity (p < 0.05), whereas the ethanol extracts were cytotoxic. However, these results indicate that the extracts and the enzymatic hydrolysates derived from sea cucumber can be used as beneficial materials for inhibiting liver damage.

서해 백령도 연안의 해조상 및 군집구조

김용이,김영식,김주희 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Beakryoung-do is located in the north along the western coast of South Korea. Owing to its geographical limitations, not many studies have been conducted on marine algae in this region. This study aims to investigate the marine algal flora and the community structure in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Nampo-ri, Beakryoung-myeon, Ongin-gun, Incheon regions of South Korea. The study was conducted from August 2015 to June 2016 during all seasons. A total of 95 algal species, including 7 green algae, 12 brown algae, and 76 red algae were collected and identified; 52 algal species were found in the intertidal zone and 83 in the subtidal zone. The vertical distribution of algae from upper to lower intertidal zone was Neorhodomela aculeata - Caulacanthus okamurae, Gelidiophycus freshwateri - Neorhodomela aculeata, Caulacanthus okamurae - Sargassum thunbergii, Caulacanthus okamurae. Findings indicated that Sargassum thunbergii and Neorhodomela aculeata were the biomass-dominant species in the intertidal zone and Corallina officinalis and Undaria pinnatifida were biomass-dominant in the subtidal zone. Average values of marine algae biomass in the intertidal and subtidal zones were 252.6 g wet weight m-2 and 291.9 g wet weight m-2, respectively. Further, 38 new species were found in Beakryoung-do, with 25 of them specifically found in the subtidal zone. More studies on marine algal flora in the subtidal zone are needed to understand the changes in marine flora along the western coast.

마른김 품질 평가를 위한 FT-NIR 분광기 활용 연구

이경인,이근직,윤영승 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The micro-Kjeldahl method, a common technique for analyzing crude proteins, is time-consuming and dangerous due to the employment of reagents such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. However, a Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrophotometer analysis can be completed in under a minute after simple pre-processing if data has been gathered using sufficient reference material in advance. Furthermore, the use of safe reagents in this technique ensures the safety of the experimenter and the environment. In addition, a portable FT-NIR spectrophotometer enables real-time measurement at processing or distribution sites and has recently gained popularity. The standard errors of calibration and regression (r2) for the calibration result for estimating the crude protein content of dried laver were 0.9775 and 1.2526, respectively. The standard error of prediction was 1.1814, and the r2 was 0.9303 in the validation results, which was a good level. In the present study, a method for predicting the crude protein content of dried laver using an FT-NIR spectrophotometer in the range of 29%–40% crude protein content has been reported.