Trimethylsilyl 유도체화 방법을 적용한 함초 추출물의 GC-MS 분석

이경인,이경인,이근직,윤영승 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2023 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Salicornia herbacea, a noted halophyte, has been widely researched for its diverse physiological activities. The continuous exploration of its compounds is essential. This study employed gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for qualitative analysis. This involved pretreatment including trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization of the S. herbacea extract, facilitating its GC analysis. Five compounds, including various fatty acids and β-sitosterol, were identified by direct analysis of the methanol extract of S. herbacea without pretreatment by GC-MS. Conversely, the analysis of the TMS-derivatized extract revealed 28 distinct peaks. Quantitative analysis further indicated that the predominant compounds in the S. herbacea extract were sugars and sugar derivatives, notably glucose, fructose, and glucitol. The collective concentration of these sugars and its derivatives amounted to 116.45 mg/g, representing 11.6% of the dry weight of the raw S. herbacea. Following sugars and their derivatives, fatty acids constituted the next most abundant group of compounds. However, the presence of amino acids and organic acids was relatively low.

中國佛敎寺院의 經營

李鏡日(이경일) 동국대학교 석림회 1987 석림 Vol.20 No.-

대학생의 성적 자기주장에 대한 경로 검증

이경인,최수미 한국상담학회 2016 한국상담학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.8

A.O.Schorb 의 敎授過程分析에 關한 理論的 端緖

李慶仁 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1978 연구논문집 Vol.20 No.1

In this study, I have tried to seek A.O. Schorb's theoretical clue <an analysis of the process of instruction as an union of methods> and to make clear the main conception of the instruction theory from view point of the mutual relatio between the instruction analysis and the instruction theory, and from the premise of the instruction analysis which were named by him as "Unterrichtsmitschau". In the development of this thesis, I have considered it very important that a lot of strata and its complexity of the situations of instruction have very heavy fuctions in A.O. Schorb's theory of the instruction analysis as expressed in the word "Unterrichtsmitschau". The inter-relation between the instructional analysis and instructional theory, at first, is needed to depend on the perspective of the whole field of the instruction, and to arrange the results systematically. And through this process, we can be made more effectiv and practical in the grades of many strata and the complexed instructional fields, when the arguments have based on the theory faithfully; and ti's more so when the results of the instructional analysis have accorded to the theoretical demonstration. Secondly, the process of the instructional analysis does not solely depend on the instructional theory, but on the objective phenomena of circulation on the opposite meaning: therefore, the fundamental theory will produced through the instuctional analysis and it will be possible to adapt some obsolete items of the traditional theory; as the results of these arguments, the deductive immanent demonstrations are needed to adapt to the reality of the instructional analysis. Among the main conceptions of the instruction theories, the intentional construction of it have taken precedence in its treatment; it is divided two strata; the former has several particularities to be conscious of its object, to aim at it, to plan of it rationally, to make clear of it and to form it logically: the latter has the negative particularity against the former. In his theory, A.O. Schorb has offered two foundations according to each goal of them which have no any friction between them. In its practice, teachers could lead their students toward the preferable action that they want, by the brilliant influences which accord to their fixed methods, ideal actions and situations. When the fundamental factors meet the constituents of the second stratum in his theory, it is supposed not to get harmony with them. But among scholars it is not estimated negatively. If there are some frictions among them, some scholars have deep interest in such frictions, and found some formalities in them. And they urge that the fact will be found through the minute observation to the process of instruction with fixed aims.

가려진 방언과 문학 언어에의 믿음 -『두만강』을 기점으로 한 최인훈의 언어의식 연구

이경인 구보학회 2022 구보학보 Vol.- No.30

This paper points out that dialects are excluded from Dumangang, which is known as the novel in which Choi In Hoon took his first steps as a writer. In addition, this paper tries to understand Dumangang as a weakness of Choi’s literature, which is a result of the conflict between linguistic consciousness and reality. Dumangang deserves attention as it specifically points out the most important theme that runs through the entire Choi’s work, the memories of childhood. Dumangang deals with the daily life of the residents of Hoeryong region at the end of the Japanese colonial period. For this reason, seemingly problematic situation in which local residents and Japanese people freely interact with each other is described in detail. The problem is that all the dialogues in this novel were handled in standard language while trying to reproduce a detailed story based on childhood memories. What is interesting is that the Japanese dialogue in Dumangang was also translated into a Korean standard language. Assuming the standard language as a literary language for universal understanding, it can be said that the dialect and Japanese are handled on the same plane. Choi’s translation work, which seems to be a curious choice, can be an inevitable choice given the multilingual situation at the end of the Japanese colonial period that Choi had to go through as a child. However, this flattened translation of dialect and Japanese reveals author’s weakness, which is the conflict between his aesthetics and reality. The remaining task is to compare the issue of unused dialects with Choi’s linguistic consciousness. Choi regards language as a symbolic action containing information on human civilization, but he thinks that the language for reality cannot encompass the entire human civilization. Creating a new symbol that encompasses the entire human civilization is only possible through the fantasy of art, and for this reason, Choi signifies literature as a fantasy that creates language as reality. What is discovered here is Choi’s idealistic art theory that literature can achieve universal intellectual reflection that penetrates the entire human life. However, remaining problem is that the reality cannot stand with his linguistic consciousness. 본고는 최인훈이 작가로서 첫걸음을 내딛은 소설로 알려진 『두만강』에 사실상 지역 방언이 배제되어 있음을 지적하고, 이를 최인훈의 언어의식이 마주해야 했던 한계에 대한 한 징후로 이해하고자 한다. 『두만강』은 최인훈의 작품 세계 전체를 관통하는 가장 주요한 주제인 ‘유년의 기억’을 가장 구체적으로 지목하는 작품이기에 주목을 요한다. 일제강점기 말기 회령 지방의 거주민들이 살아가는 일상을 가감 없이 다루고 있으며, 이 때문에 심지어는 지역민들과 일본인들이 서로 거리낌 없이 교류하는 일면 문제적으로 보이는 상황에 대해서도 구체적인 재현이 이루어진다. 문제는 유년의 기억을 바탕으로 한 치밀한 재현을 시도하면서도 작중의 모든 대화가 표준어로 처리되었다는 사실이다. 『두만강』에는 단 두 차례만 지역 방언이 직접적으로 노출되며, 그마저도 서술자 차원에서 그것이 방언임을 직설적으로 해명하는 등 작가의 방언 사용에 대한 유보적인 시선을 확인할 수 있다. 이때, 『두만강』이 서술 언어로 표준어를 채택했다는 것 자체가 문제적인 것은 아니다. 작품이 방언을 사용하지 않고 있음이 작품의 한계로 가시화되는 대목은 오히려 작품이 방언을 사용하는 두 차례의 예외적인 경우이다. 소설의 보편적인 서술 언어로서의 표준어의 지위를 인정하면서도 ‘소설 속의 인물들’이 서술자 또는 작가와는 다른 차원의 ‘언어들’을 구사하는 다성성을 가질 수 있음을 인정하는 바흐친의 논의가 이러한 문제의식에 대한 뒷받침이 되어준다. 『두만강』은 자기만의 이데올로기를 갖추지 못한 주변적인 인물이 일회적으로 방언을 사용하는 것을 허용한 데 반해, 서술자의 차원과는 다른 독자적이고 논쟁적인 이데올로기를 가진 작중의 주인공들에게는 독자적인 언어를 부여하지 않고 있다. 이 때문에 『두만강』은 내용의 보편적이고 객관적인 전달을 위해 표준어를 채택한 작품이라기보다는, ‘소설 속의 주인공’이 가진 개성적인 관점과 이데올로기를 서술자-작가 차원의 언어와 시선으로 일축한 한계를 가진 작품이라고 보아야 한다. 나아가, 『두만강』은 일본어로 이뤄진 대화 역시도 한국 표준어로 번역한 텍스트이다. 육진 방언으로 이루어졌을 작중 대부분의 대화가 텍스트의 표면에는 표준어로 번역되어 처리된 것처럼, 실제로는 분명히 일본어로 이뤄졌을 대화들도 모두 한국 표준어로 번역되어 제시되고 있다. 보편적인 이해를 도모하는 문학 언어로 표준어를 상정하면서, 이를 위해 번역되어야 할 언어로 지역 방언과 일본어를 같은 평면에 두고 있다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이는 일본어와 지역 방언 모두를 당연하게 구사했던 일제강점기 말기의 다중 언어 상황을 암시한다. 이는 실제로 최인훈 본인이 유년에 겪어야 했던 일제강점기 말기의 다중 언어 상황을 직접적으로 지시한다. 이러한 바탕 아래에서 이뤄진 『두만강』에서의 평면화된 번역 작업은 작가의 문예론과 언어의식에 대한 근본적인 물음을 제기하는 충돌을 일으켰다. 이 때문에, 일제강점기를 지나 독립과 6.25 전쟁까지를 아우르는 일대기가 될 예정이었던 『두만강』은 결국 리얼리즘적인 재현이라는 작법에 한계를 느낀 작가의 다른 형식으로의 탐미의 과정에서 미완의 작업으로 남게 된다. 남은 과제는『두만강』의 한계를 암시하는 활용되지 않은 방언이라는 문제를 최인훈의 언어의식과 비 ...

포포나무 잎 열수 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 성분 분석

이경인,윤영승,표병식,최철희 한국생약학회 2023 생약학회지 Vol.54 No.3

In this study, basic characteristics such as radical scavenging activity of the hot water extract of Asimina triloba leaves were confirmed, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of major componunds was conducted. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract were confirmed to be 94.11 mg/g and 47.28 mg/g. In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the extract showed an SC50 of 1.004 mg/mL, which corresponds to a relative activity of 6.77% converted based on the SC50 value of ascorbic acid used as a control. Liquid chromatograph (LC) profile analysis and LC-mass spectrometer (MS)/MS analysis were performed to confirm the major compounds of the extract. As a result of the analysis, a total of five major compounds were identified, including flavonoid such as rutin and isoquercitrin, and chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid having a caffeoylquinic acid structure. Among these, the compound with the highest content was rutin, which was 59.67 mg/g. Since these compounds are reported to have various physiological activities, it is necessary to basically identify each compound in the process of further research using the leaves of A. triloba.

수준별 영어수업에 대한 평가방안 연구

이경인,김현주 현대영어교육학회 2011 현대영어교육 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate student and teacher perception of level-differentiated tests as opposed to traditional English tests and to examine the validity of the level-differentiated tests used in this study. Toward that purpose, this study had three groups of students―'approaching level', 'on level', and 'beyond level'. The students who participated in this study took two different kinds of level-differentiated tests. One (Type B) included all three levels' test items and allowed students to choose any test item suitable for them. The other (Type C) included only level-differentiated test items according to students' levels and students were not able to choose the items. The results of this study indicated that Type C is more valid than Type B and the traditional test in the approaching level group, but in other levels there was no significant difference between Types B and C. In terms of student and teacher perception, they strongly perceived the necessity of level-differentiated tests and most of them preferred Type B since they could choose the items suitable for their levels. This study implies an urgent need for an implementation of level-differentiated assessment and institutional framework in our education system.

마른김 품질 평가를 위한 FT-NIR 분광기 활용 연구

이경인,이근직,윤영승 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The micro-Kjeldahl method, a common technique for analyzing crude proteins, is time-consuming and dangerous due to the employment of reagents such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. However, a Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrophotometer analysis can be completed in under a minute after simple pre-processing if data has been gathered using sufficient reference material in advance. Furthermore, the use of safe reagents in this technique ensures the safety of the experimenter and the environment. In addition, a portable FT-NIR spectrophotometer enables real-time measurement at processing or distribution sites and has recently gained popularity. The standard errors of calibration and regression (r2) for the calibration result for estimating the crude protein content of dried laver were 0.9775 and 1.2526, respectively. The standard error of prediction was 1.1814, and the r2 was 0.9303 in the validation results, which was a good level. In the present study, a method for predicting the crude protein content of dried laver using an FT-NIR spectrophotometer in the range of 29%–40% crude protein content has been reported.

식물 정유 주요 성분의 어병 세균에 대한 항균활성

이경인,이근직,윤영승,표병식 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.2

In this study, the antibacterial activity of major compounds obtained from domestic plant essential oils was investigated against four species of fish pathogenic bacteria, namely, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio harveyi, Streptococcus iniae, and Streptococcus parauberis. We observed that α-terpineol and eucalyptol showed high antibacterial activity against S. iniae, whereas α-terpineol and β-linalool showed high antibacterial activity against S. parauberis. The antibacterial activity of eucalyptol and β-linalool was significantly high against E. tarda, and α-terpineol and β-linalool exerted antibacterial activity against V. harveyi. All compounds showing significant antibacterial activity also exhibited high solubility in water (≥1,000 mg/L). In contrast, compounds such as α -limonene and α-pinene with low water solubility showed significantly low antibacterial activity against all bacteria. These findings can be utilized further to estimate the antibacterial activity of compounds isolated from plant essential oils for the prevention of fish disease.

임상 검체에서 결핵균 검출을 위한 BACTEC 460TB의 유용성

이경인 대한임상병리학회 1997 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.17 No.1