http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Stö,ber, Gerald,Ben-Shachar, Dorit,Cardon, M.,Falkai, Peter,Fonteh, Alfred N.,Gawlik, Micha,Glenthoj, Birte Y.,Grü,nblatt, Edna,Jablensky, Assen,Kim, Yong-Ku,Kornhuber, Johannes,McNeil, Thomas Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2009 The world journal of biological psychiatry Vol.10 No.2
<P>Objective. The phenotypic complexity, together with the multifarious nature of the so-called 'schizophrenic psychoses', limits our ability to form a simple and logical biologically based hypothesis for the disease group. Biological markers are defined as biochemical, physiological or anatomical traits that are specific to particular conditions. An important aim of biomarker discovery is the detection of disease correlates that can be used as diagnostic tools. Method. A selective review of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers in schizophrenia is provided from the central nervous system to phenotypes, functional brain systems, chromosomal loci with potential genetic markers to the peripheral systems. Results. A number of biological measures have been proposed to be correlated with schizophrenia. At present, not a single biological trait in schizophrenia is available which achieves sufficient specificity, selectivity and is based on causal pathology and predictive validity to be recommended as diagnostic marker. Conclusions. With the emergence of new technologies and rigorous phenotypic subclassification the identification of genetic bases and assessment of dynamic disease related alterations will hopefully come to a new stage in the complex field of psychiatric research.</P>
Color and Brightness Tuning in Heteronuclear Lanthanide Terephthalate Coordination Polymers
Haquin, Victor,Etienne, Mael,Daiguebonne, Carole,Freslon, Sté,phane,Calvez, Guillaume,Bernot, Kevin,Le Pollè,s, Laurent,Ashbrook, Sharon E.,Mitchell, Martin R.,Bü,nzli, Jean‐,Cla WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 European journal of inorganic chemistry Vol.2013 No.20
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Heteronuclear lanthanide terephthalate coordination polymers with the general chemical formula [Ln<SUB>2–2<I>x</I></SUB>Ln′<SUB>2<I>x</I></SUB>(bdc)<SUB>3</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>4</SUB>]<SUB>∞</SUB>, for which bdc<SUP>2–</SUP> symbolizes benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (or terephthalate) and Ln and Ln′ represent trivalent rare earth ions, were synthesized and structurally characterized. Analysis of the Y/Lu compounds by <SUP>89</SUP>Y and <SUP>13</SUP>C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy was carried out, and the results support the hypothesis of randomly distributed lanthanide ions. The spectroscopic and colorimetric properties of this family of compounds were investigated in detail. The resulting data demonstrate that this series of compounds presents highly tunable luminescence properties and clearly indicate that intermetallic deactivation processes play an important role in the emission mechanism. Playing with intermetallic distances allows one to tune the color and the brightness of the lanthanide emission in these coordination polymers.</P>
You, Jung-Min,Ahmed, Mohammad Shamsuddin,Han, Hyoung Soon,Choe, Ju eun,Ü,stü,ndağ,, Zafer,Jeon, Seungwon Elsevier 2015 Journal of Power Sources Vol.275 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have been prepared a series of heteroatoms (N and/or S) doped graphene in different ratios from various doping precursors (pyridine, thiophene and bithiophene combined separately with dipyrrolemethane and used as single N and/or S precursor) by thermal reaction. The as synthesized heteroatoms-doped graphene materials have also been characterized <I>via</I> transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The XPS and Raman investigations suggest a better dual-doping with higher conversion rate of graphitic-N and thermal reduction of oxygen into the graphene sheets. The electrochemical investigation reveals that the both N and S-doped graphene (S<SUB>1</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB>-GN800 and S<SUB>2</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB>-GN800) have better catalytic activity on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than only N-doped graphene (N<SUB>3</SUB>-GN800) with the assistance of synergistic effect of dual-doping. Particularly, the high thermal treated final product, N and S dual-doped graphene (S<SUB>2</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB>-GN1000) shows remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR which not only establishes a pathway of four-electron transfer reaction but also exhibits a better fuel selectivity and stability than that of commercially available 20wt% Pt/C electrode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The different ratios of heteroatoms-doped graphene nanosheets are developed. </LI> <LI> The dipyrrolemethane compounds as doping agents for the first time. </LI> <LI> The bithiophene-dipyrrolemethane doped graphene sheets are high efficiency for ORR catalysts. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Choe, Ju Eun,You, Jung-Min,Yun, Mira,Lee, Kyungmi,Ahmed, Mohammad Shamsuddin,??stü,nda??, Zafer,Jeon, Seungwon American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.15 No.8
<P>Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-(PEDOT)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with MnO2 nanoparticles (MnO2/PEDOT/rGO) was prepared using electrochemical methods. The MnO2/ PEDOT/rGO was obtained through the electrochemical reduction of PEDOT/GO and under electrochemical treatment in KMnO4. The PEDOT/rGO and MnO2/PEDOT/rGO were characterized by several instrumental and electrochemical methods. The electrocatalytic 02 reduction for both electrodes was investigated via cyclic and hydrodynamic voltammetry in 0.1 M KOH aqueous solutions. The kinetic analysis in comparison to PEDOT/rGO a significant enhancement was found for the MnO2/PEDOT/rGO. The proposed main path in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism on the MnO2/PEDOT/rGO was the direct four-electron transfer process with faster transfer kinetic rate. The better ORR kinetics were obtained due to the excellent composite formation and well attachment of MnO2 NPs within oxide form. The PEDOT/rGO was less stable for long term use than MnO2/PEDOT/rGO.</P>
Erkal, Aslı,Erdoğ,an, Mehmet Selç,uk,Aş,ık, İ,hsan,Ekş,i, Haslet,Jeon, Seungwon,Solak, Ali Osman,Ü,stü,ndağ,, Zafer The Electrochemical Society 2014 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.161 No.10
<P>A new electrode was prepared by the electrooxidation of orto-, meta-, and para-substituted nitro phenols on glassy carbon electrode. Electrochemical modification of the electrodes was carried out in 0.01 M HCl using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Then nitro groups in the covalently grafted nitro phenol derivatives on GC electrode were reduced to amine groups in 0.01 M HCl. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes was studied in the presence of electroactive redox probes such as ferrocene and ferricyanide by CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the surface structure and composition of the modified substrates. Thickness of the films was measured by using an ellipsometer. Surface topography of the nanofilms and bare GC was characterized via AFM. Graphene oxide (GO) was covalently attached on 4-aminophenyl involved surface through EDC. Simple immersing of the GO covered nanoplatform into a sample solution led to the chemical deposition by means of the interaction with Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> ions, simultaneously. Various analysis parameters that affect the simultaneous analysis of the ions such as deposition time, pH factor and deposition temperature, were optimized. Calibration curve for the GO grafted electrode surface with Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) were obtained in the concentration range between 1 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP> M and 1 × 10<SUP>−12</SUP> M for Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>. The detection limits of the modified electrode for Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> ions were determined to be about 3.2 (± 0.1) × 10<SUP>−13</SUP> M and 2.4 (± 0.2) × 10<SUP>−13</SUP> M, respectively.</P>