急性泄瀉에 대한 治療要領

Cardone, John V. 藥業新聞社 1984 (月刊) 醫藥情報 Vol.1984 No.7

Employee Voice, Communication Formality, and Employee Engagement: Is There a “New Normal” for Internal Communication in China?

Peter Wilson Cardon,Min Feng,Haibing Ma,Qinghua Ma 한국경영커뮤니케이션학회 2021 Business Communication Research and Practice Vol.4 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is (a) to examine the relationship between employee voice and management receptiveness with employee engagement; (b) to explore changes in internal vertical communication during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (c) to examine how less formal communication influences employee engagement. Methods: A survey of 344 Chinese professionals in the Shanghai region was conducted to measure employee voice; management receptiveness; internal vertical communication via DingTalk, WeChat, online meetings, and face-to-face (F2F) meetings; and use of informal communication (frequency of WeChat Moments between managers and employees). ANOVA analysis was used to compare changes across the three time periods, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore predictors of employee engagement. Results: Across the pandemic, managers increased their communication with employees via DingTalk and online meetings but decreased their communication with employees via F2F meetings. Employee voice and management receptiveness were the most significant predictors of employee engagement. Perceptions of employee voice grew significantly from the pre-COVID period until the present. The increased sharing and liking of WeChat Moments among managers and employees significantly predicted higher employee engagement. Conclusions: This is the first known study to explore the connection between employee voice and management receptiveness with employee engagement in the Chinese context. It also explores how two communication platforms, DingTalk and WeChat, with similar affordances are used with varying amounts of formality in the workplace. It highlights how the use of WeChat Moments, an informal form of communication, drives higher engagement.

Searching for the Right Metaphors to Understand and Interrogate the AI Age

Peter Wilson Cardon 한국경영커뮤니케이션학회 2023 Business Communication Research and Practice Vol.6 No.2

The invention of the printing press allowed the rapid dissemination of science, culture, and knowledge that many refer to as the Enlightenment, the Renaissance, or the Scientific Revolution (Dewar, 1998; Kissinger, Schmidt, & Huttenlocher, 2023). Many scholars and experts believe AI will be as transformative as the printing press and usher in unprecedented growth in knowledge and human potential (Ball, 2023; Kissinger et al., 2023; Sforza, 2023). Of course we can’t yet know whether AI will be as transformational as the printing press, but this comparison invoked by thought leaders reveals the human impulse to use metaphors to make sense of an unpredictable future.

The Role of Face in Chinese and East Asian Cultures - Implications for Applying Context to Marketing Research

Peter W. Cardon 한국마케팅과학회 2006 한국마케팅과학회 학술대회 발표 논문집 Vol.- No.-

  This paper describes the important social construct of face (mianzi) in Chinese society and its impact on marketing. Most academic studies of face in marketing and management have produced ambiguous and unanticipated results, indicating that the role of face in marketing is still not understood well. Within the last few years, several innovative studies have introduced dimensions of context that have advanced theory about how face plays a role in relationship marketing and consumer behavior. Future marketing studies that involve face should address the following issues of context: the impacts of face practices on achieving marketing objectives, the ethical dimension of face, the nature of relationships involved, and the timing of face practices. Additional considerations about research design should be made about whether to use emic or etic research designs and analyzing intra cultural variation.

Common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume alteration in major depression and bipolar disorder: evidence from voxel-based meta-analysis

Wise, T,Radua, J,Via, E,Cardoner, N,Abe, O,Adams, T M,Amico, F,Cheng, Y,Cole, J H,de Azevedo Marques Pé,rico, C,Dickstein, D P,Farrow, T F D,Frodl, T,Wagner, G,Gotlib, I H,Gruber, O,Ham, B J,Job Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nat 2017 Molecular psychiatry Vol.22 No.10

<P>Finding robust brain substrates of mood disorders is an important target for research. The degree to which major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with common and/or distinct patterns of volumetric changes is nevertheless unclear. Furthermore, the extant literature is heterogeneous with respect to the nature of these changes. We report a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in MDD and BD. We identified studies published up to January 2015 that compared grey matter in MDD (50 data sets including 4101 individuals) and BD (36 data sets including 2407 individuals) using whole-brain VBM. We used statistical maps from the studies included where available and reported peak coordinates otherwise. Group comparisons and conjunction analyses identified regions in which the disorders showed common and distinct patterns of volumetric alteration. Both disorders were associated with lower grey-matter volume relative to healthy individuals in a number of areas. Conjunction analysis showed smaller volumes in both disorders in clusters in the dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral insula. Group comparisons indicated that findings of smaller grey-matter volumes relative to controls in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left hippocampus, along with cerebellar, temporal and parietal regions were more substantial in major depression. These results suggest that MDD and BD are characterised by both common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume changes. This combination of differences and similarities has the potential to inform the development of diagnostic biomarkers for these conditions.</P>

Shape memory alloy (SMA)-based Superelasticity-assisted Slider (SSS): an engineering solution for practical aseismic isolation with advanced materials

Peyman Narjabadifam,Mohammad Noori,Donatello Cardone,Rasa Eradat,Mehrdad Kiani 국제구조공학회 2020 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.26 No.1

Shape memory alloy (SMA)-based Superelasticity-assisted Slider (SSS) is proposed as an engineering solution to practically exploit the well-accepted advantages of both sliding isolation and SMA-based recentering. Self-centering capability in SSS is provided by austenitic SMA cables (or wire ropes), recently attracting a lot of interest and attention in earthquake engineering and seismic isolation. The cables are arranged in various novel and conventional configurations to make SSS versatile for aseismic design and retrofit of structures. All the configurations are detailed with thorough technical drawings. It is shown that SSS is applicable without the need for Isolation Units (IUs). IUs, at the same time, are devised for industrialized applications. The proof-ofconcept study is carried out through the examination of mechanical behavior in all the alternative configurations. Forcedisplacement relations are determined. Isolation capabilities are predicted based on the decreases in seismic demands, estimated by the increases in effective periods and equivalent damping ratios. Restoring forces normalized relative to resisting forces are assessed as the criteria for self-centering capabilities. Lengths of SMA cables required in each configuration are calculated to assess the cost and practicality. Practical implementation is realized by setting up a small-scale IU. The effectiveness of SSS under seismic actions is evaluated using an innovative computer model and compared to those of well-known Isolation Systems (ISs) protecting a reference building. Comparisons show that SSS seems to be an effective IS and suitable for earthquake protection of both structural and non-structural elements. Further research aimed at additional validation of the system are outlined.

Schizophrenia: From the brain to peripheral markers. A consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on biological markers

Stö,ber, Gerald,Ben-Shachar, Dorit,Cardon, M.,Falkai, Peter,Fonteh, Alfred N.,Gawlik, Micha,Glenthoj, Birte Y.,Grü,nblatt, Edna,Jablensky, Assen,Kim, Yong-Ku,Kornhuber, Johannes,McNeil, Thomas Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2009 The world journal of biological psychiatry Vol.10 No.2

<P>Objective. The phenotypic complexity, together with the multifarious nature of the so-called 'schizophrenic psychoses', limits our ability to form a simple and logical biologically based hypothesis for the disease group. Biological markers are defined as biochemical, physiological or anatomical traits that are specific to particular conditions. An important aim of biomarker discovery is the detection of disease correlates that can be used as diagnostic tools. Method. A selective review of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers in schizophrenia is provided from the central nervous system to phenotypes, functional brain systems, chromosomal loci with potential genetic markers to the peripheral systems. Results. A number of biological measures have been proposed to be correlated with schizophrenia. At present, not a single biological trait in schizophrenia is available which achieves sufficient specificity, selectivity and is based on causal pathology and predictive validity to be recommended as diagnostic marker. Conclusions. With the emergence of new technologies and rigorous phenotypic subclassification the identification of genetic bases and assessment of dynamic disease related alterations will hopefully come to a new stage in the complex field of psychiatric research.</P>

Structural covariance of neostriatal and limbic regions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Subir??, Marta,Cano, Marta,de Wit, Stella J,Alonso, Pino,Cardoner, Narcí,s,Hoexter, Marcelo Q,Kwon, Jun Soo,Nakamae, Takashi,Lochner, Christine,Sato, Joã,o R,Jung, Wi Hoon,Narumoto, Jin,St JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016 JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.41 No.2

<P>Frontostriatal and frontoamygdalar connectivity alterations in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been typically described in functional neuroimaging studies. However, structural covariance, or volumetric correlations across distant brain regions, also provides network-level information. Altered structural covariance has been described in patients with different psychiatric disorders, including OCD, but to our knowledge, alterations within frontostriatal and frontoamygdalar circuits have not been explored.</P>

Characterization of ADME gene variation in 21 populations by exome sequencing

Hovelson, Daniel H.,Xue, Zhengyu,Zawistowski, Matthew,Ehm, Margaret G.,Harris, Elizabeth C.,Stocker, Sophie L.,Gross, Annette S.,Jang, In-Jin,Ieiri, Ichiro,Lee, Jong-Eun,Cardon, Lon R.,Chissoe, Stepha Lippincott WilliamsWilkins 2017 PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS Vol.27 No.3

<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Proteins involving absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) play a critical role in drug pharmacokinetics. The type and frequency of genetic variation in the ADME genes differ among populations. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate common and rare ADME coding variation in diverse ethnic populations by exome sequencing.</P><P><B>Materials and methods</B></P><P>Data derived from commercial exome capture arrays and next-generation sequencing were used to characterize coding variation in 298 ADME genes in 251 Northeast Asians and 1181 individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Approximately 75% of the ADME coding sequence was captured at high quality across the joint samples harboring more than 8000 variants, with 49% of individuals carrying at least one ‘knockout’ allele. ADME genes carried 50% more nonsynonymous variation than non-ADME genes (<I>P</I>=8.2×10<SUP>–13</SUP>) and showed significantly greater levels of population differentiation (<I>P</I>=7.6×10<SUP>–11</SUP>). Out of the 2135 variants identified that were predicted to be deleterious, 633 were not on commercially available ADME or general-purpose genotyping arrays. Forty deleterious variants within important ADME genes, with frequencies of at least 2% in at least one population, were identified as candidates for future pharmacogenetic studies.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Exome sequencing was effective in accurately genotyping most ADME variants important for pharmacogenetic research, in addition to identifying rare or potentially de novo coding variants that may be clinically meaningful. Furthermore, as a class, ADME genes are more variable and less sensitive to purifying selection than non-ADME genes.</P></▼2>