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Erkal, Aslı,Erdoğ,an, Mehmet Selç,uk,Aş,ık, İ,hsan,Ekş,i, Haslet,Jeon, Seungwon,Solak, Ali Osman,Ü,stü,ndağ,, Zafer The Electrochemical Society 2014 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.161 No.10
<P>A new electrode was prepared by the electrooxidation of orto-, meta-, and para-substituted nitro phenols on glassy carbon electrode. Electrochemical modification of the electrodes was carried out in 0.01 M HCl using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Then nitro groups in the covalently grafted nitro phenol derivatives on GC electrode were reduced to amine groups in 0.01 M HCl. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes was studied in the presence of electroactive redox probes such as ferrocene and ferricyanide by CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the surface structure and composition of the modified substrates. Thickness of the films was measured by using an ellipsometer. Surface topography of the nanofilms and bare GC was characterized via AFM. Graphene oxide (GO) was covalently attached on 4-aminophenyl involved surface through EDC. Simple immersing of the GO covered nanoplatform into a sample solution led to the chemical deposition by means of the interaction with Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> ions, simultaneously. Various analysis parameters that affect the simultaneous analysis of the ions such as deposition time, pH factor and deposition temperature, were optimized. Calibration curve for the GO grafted electrode surface with Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) were obtained in the concentration range between 1 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP> M and 1 × 10<SUP>−12</SUP> M for Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>. The detection limits of the modified electrode for Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> ions were determined to be about 3.2 (± 0.1) × 10<SUP>−13</SUP> M and 2.4 (± 0.2) × 10<SUP>−13</SUP> M, respectively.</P>
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You, Jung-Min,Ahmed, Mohammad Shamsuddin,Han, Hyoung Soon,Choe, Ju eun,Ü,stü,ndağ,, Zafer,Jeon, Seungwon Elsevier 2015 Journal of Power Sources Vol.275 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have been prepared a series of heteroatoms (N and/or S) doped graphene in different ratios from various doping precursors (pyridine, thiophene and bithiophene combined separately with dipyrrolemethane and used as single N and/or S precursor) by thermal reaction. The as synthesized heteroatoms-doped graphene materials have also been characterized <I>via</I> transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The XPS and Raman investigations suggest a better dual-doping with higher conversion rate of graphitic-N and thermal reduction of oxygen into the graphene sheets. The electrochemical investigation reveals that the both N and S-doped graphene (S<SUB>1</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB>-GN800 and S<SUB>2</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB>-GN800) have better catalytic activity on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than only N-doped graphene (N<SUB>3</SUB>-GN800) with the assistance of synergistic effect of dual-doping. Particularly, the high thermal treated final product, N and S dual-doped graphene (S<SUB>2</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB>-GN1000) shows remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR which not only establishes a pathway of four-electron transfer reaction but also exhibits a better fuel selectivity and stability than that of commercially available 20wt% Pt/C electrode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The different ratios of heteroatoms-doped graphene nanosheets are developed. </LI> <LI> The dipyrrolemethane compounds as doping agents for the first time. </LI> <LI> The bithiophene-dipyrrolemethane doped graphene sheets are high efficiency for ORR catalysts. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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