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Han, Kap-Hoon,Chun, Yoon-Hee,de Castro Pimentel Figueiredo, Bá,rbara,Soriani, Frederico Marianetti,Savoldi, Marcela,Almeida, Agostinho,Rodrigues, Fernando,Cairns, Charlie Timothy,Bignell, Elaine Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Molecular microbiology Vol.75 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>Carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) and its hydration product bicarbonate (HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) are essential molecules in various physiological processes of all living organisms. The reversible interconversion between CO<SUB>2</SUB> and HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> is in equilibrium. This reaction is slow without catalyst, but can be rapidly facilitated by Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>-metalloenzymes named carbonic anhydrases (CAs). To gain an insight into the function of multiple clades of fungal CA, we chose to investigate the filamentous fungi <I>Aspergillus fumigatus</I> and <I>A. nidulans</I>. We identified four and two CAs in <I>A. fumigatus</I> and <I>A. nidulans</I>, respectively, named <I>cafA-D</I> and <I>canA-B</I>. The <I>cafA</I> and <I>cafB</I> genes are constitutively, strongly expressed whereas <I>cafC</I> and <I>cafD</I> genes are weakly expressed but CO<SUB>2</SUB>-inducible. Heterologous expression of the <I>A. fumigatus cafB</I>, and <I>A. nidulans canA</I> and <I>canB</I> genes completely rescued the high CO<SUB>2</SUB>-requiring phenotype of a <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>&Dgr;<I>nce103</I> mutant. Only the &Dgr;<I>cafA</I>&Dgr;<I>cafB</I> and &Dgr;<I>canB</I> deletion mutants were unable to grow at 0.033% CO<SUB>2</SUB>, of which growth defects can be restored by high CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Defects in the CAs can affect <I>Aspergilli</I> conidiation. Furthermore, <I>A. fumigatus</I>&Dgr;<I>cafA</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafB</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafC</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafD</I> and &Dgr;<I>cafA</I>&Dgr;<I>cafB</I> mutant strains are fully virulent in a low-dose murine infection.</P>
Paola Rampelotto Ziani,Jacson Gabriel Feiten,Jé,ferson Ferraz Goularte,Rafael Colombo,Bá,rbara Antqueviezc,Luiza Paul Gé,a,Adriane Ribeiro Rosa 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.2
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most disabling diseases characterized by severe humor fluctuation. It is accompanied by cognitive and functional impairment in addiction to high suicide rates. BD is often underdiagnosed and treated incorrectly because many of the reported symptoms are not exclusive to the disorder. Once the diagnosis is exclusively clinical, it is not possible to state precisely. From that, proteomic approaches were used to identify, in a large scale, all proteins involved in cellular or tissue processes. This review aggregate data from blood proteomes, by using protein association network, of subjects with BD and healthy controls to suggest dysfunctional molecular pathways involved in disease. Original articles containing proteomic analysis were searched in PubMed. Seven studies were selected and data were extracted for posterior analysis. A protein-protein interaction network was created by STRING database. A final set of proteins in this network were employed as input in ClueGO and, the main biological process was visualized using R package pathview. The analysis revealed proteins associated with many biological processes, including growth and endocrine regulation, iron transportation, protease inhibition, protection against pathogens and cholesterol transport. Moreover, pathway analysis indicated the association of uncovered proteins with two main metabolic pathways: complement system and coagulation cascade. Thus, a better understanding on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and the identification of potential biomarker candidates are essential to improve diagnostic, prognostic and design pharmacological strategies.
Bárbara Joana Alvarenga Carvalho,António Miguel da Cruz-Ferreira 대한가정의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.44 No.1
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the agent responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syn-drome, remains a worldwide public health problem. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Portuguese healthcare students’ knowledge of HIV, identify risk behaviors for HIV transmission, and assess the frequency of HIV testing and its dissemination by general practitioners.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire published on-line. The questionnaire was administered to Portuguese healthcare students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study after clarifying its objectives and procedures.Results: Most students were aware of the three main HIV transmission routes; however, 66.3% were unaware of the level A recommendation for HIV screening in adolescents and adults. In addition, 59.6% of the students were never informed by their general practitioner about HIV screening tests or risk behaviors for HIV transmission. Of the sample, 78.9% had never been tested for HIV infection. Of the 74.6% of sexually active students, 82.0% had or had already had unprotected sex (without a condom). Men showed riskier sexual behaviors than women. None of the inquiries reported intravenous drug use, and most students (69.9%) never shared personal objects.Conclusion: General practitioners and awareness campaigns need to alert and disseminate HIV screening tests. Sexual health and risk behaviors should be addressed more frequently in schools to educate this population be-cause prevention is the best strategy against HIV transmission/contraction.
Bárbara Jaime dos Santos,Débora Balabram,Virginia Mara Reis Gomes,Carolina Costa Café de Castro,Paulo Henrique Costa Diniz,Marcelo Araújo Buzelin,Cristiana Buzelin Nunes 대한암학회 2024 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.56 No.1
Purpose Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can change invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) and influence the patients’ overall survival time (OS). We aimed to identify IBC changes after NACT and their association with OS.Materials and Methods IBC data in pre- and post-NACT samples of 86 patients were evaluated and associated with OS.Results Post-NACT tumors changed nuclear pleomorphism score (p=0.025); mitotic count (p=0.002); % of tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells (p=0.016); presence of <i>in situ</i> carcinoma (p=0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI; p=0.002); expression of estrogen (p=0.003), progesterone receptors (PR; p=0.019), and Ki67 (p=0.003). Immunohistochemical (IHC) profile changed in 26 tumors (30.2%, p=0.050). Higher risk of death was significatively associated with initial tumor histological grade III (hazard ratio [HR], 2.94), high nuclear pleomorphism (HR, 2.53), high Ki67 index (HR, 2.47), post-NACT presence of LVI (HR, 1.90), luminal B–like profile (HR, 2.58), pre- (HR, 2.26) and post-NACT intermediate mitotic count (HR, 2.12), pre- (HR, 4.45) and post-NACT triple-negative IHC profile (HR, 4.52). On the other hand, lower risk of death was significative associated with pre- (HR, 0.35) and post-NACT (HR, 0.39) estrogen receptor–positive, and pre- (HR, 0.37) and post-NACT (HR, 0.57) PR-positive. Changes in IHC profile were associated with longer OS (p=0.050). In multivariate analysis, pre-NACT grade III tumors and pre-NACT and post-NACT triple negative IHC profile proved to be independent factors for shorter OS.Conclusion NACT can change tumor characteristics and biomarkers and impact on OS; therefore, they should be reassessed on residual samples to improve therapeutic decisions.
Bárbara Couto Ramos,Bruna Raquel da Silva Izar,Jéssica Lourdes Costa Pereira,Priscilla Sena Souza,Claudia Scigliano Valerio,Fabrício Mesquita Tuji,Flávio Ricardo Manzi 대한영상치의학회 2016 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.46 No.1
Panoramic radiographs are a relatively simple technique that is commonly used in all dental specialties. In panoramic radiographs, in addition to the formation of real images of metal objects, ghost images may also form, and these ghost images can hinder an accurate diagnosis and interfere with the accuracy of radiology reports. Dentists must understand the formation of these images in order to avoid making incorrect radiographic diagnoses. Therefore, the present study sought to present a study of the formation of panoramic radiograph ghost images caused by metal objects in the head and neck region of a dry skull, as well as to report a clinical case in order to warn dentists about ghost images and to raise awareness thereof. An understanding of the principles of the formation of ghost images in panoramic radiographs helps prevent incorrect diagnoses.
María Bárbara Eizaguirre,Sandra Vanotti,Ángeles Merino,Cecilia Yastremiz,Berenice Silva,Ricardo Alonso,Orlando Garcea 대한신경과학회 2018 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.14 No.4
Background and Purpose Information processing speed is one of the most impaired cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis (MS). There are two tests widely used for evaluating information processing speed: the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). To analyze the relationship between processing speed and the clinical and social support variables of patients with MS. Methods A group of 47 patients with relapsing-remitting MS was studied, 31 were women and 16, men. Age: 39.04±13.17, years of schooling: 13.00±3.87, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 2.78±1.81, and disease evolution: 8.07±6.26. Instruments of measure; processing speed: SDMT, PASAT, clinical variables: EDSS, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck’s Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and social support: Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS). Results Significant correlations were found between information processing speed and psychiatric, motor disability and social support variables. The SDMT correlated significantly and negatively with BDI-II, FSS, EDSS, and MOS (p<0.05), whereas the PASAT correlated negatively with FSS and positively with MOS (p<0.05). Information processing speed appeared as the performance predictor of these variables. The SDMT produced significant changes in EDSS (R2= 0.343, p=0.000); FSS (R2=0.109, p=0.031); BDI-II (R2=0.124, p=0.018), and MOS (R2=between 0.212 and 0.379, p<0.05). Conclusions Information processing speed has influence on the clinical variables and the social support of patients with MS. These aspects are important to bear in mind for therapeutic approach.
Priscila A. Lima,Bárbara B. Berg,Marina Gomes Miranda e Castor 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.4
The components of the endogenous cannabinoid system are widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract contributing to local homeostasis. In general, cannabinoids exert inhibitory actions in the gastrointestinal tract, inducing anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, antisecretory, and antiproliferative effects. Therefore, cannabinoids are interesting pharmacological compounds for the treatment of several acute intestinal disorders, such as dysmotility, emesis, and abdominal pain. Likewise, the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic intestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, is also under investigation. Patients with chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases present impaired quality of life, and mental health issues are commonly associated with long-term chronic diseases. The complex pathophysiology of these diseases contributes to difficulties in diagnosis and, therefore, in the choice of a satisfactory treatment. Thus, this article reviews the involvement of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract and highlights possible therapeutic approaches related to the use of cannabinoids.