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ANALYSIS OF ADHESIVE TAPE ACTIVATION DURING REACTOR FLUX MEASUREMENTS
Bignell, Lindsey Jordan,Smith, Michael Leslie,Alexiev, Dimitri,Hashemi-Nezhad, Seyed Reza Korean Nuclear Society 2008 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.40 No.1
Several adhesive tapes have been studied in terms of their suitability for securing gold wires into positions for neutron flux measurements in the reactor core and irradiation facilities surrounding the core of the Open Pool Australian Light water (OPAL) reactor. Gamma ray spectrometry has been performed on each irradiated tape in order to identify and quantify activated components. Numerous metallic impurities have been identified in all tapes. Calculations relating to both the effective neutron shielding properties of the tapes and the error in measurement of the $^{198}Au$ activity caused by superfluous activity due to residual tape have been made. The most important identified effects were the prolonged cooling times required before safe enough levels of radioactivity to allow handling were reached, and extra activity caused by residual tape when measured with an ionisation chamber. Knowledge of the most suitable tape can allow a minimal contribution due to these effects, and the use of gamma spectrometry in preference to ionisation chamber measurements of the flux wires is shown to make all systematic errors due to the tape completely negligible.
ANALYSIS OF ADHESIVE TAPE ACTIVATION DURING REACTOR FLUX MEASUREMENTS
LINDSEY JORKAN BIGNELL,MICHAEL LESLIE SMITH,KIMITRI ALEXIEV,SEYED REZA HASHEMI-NEZHAD 한국원자력학회 2008 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.40 No.1
Several adhesive tapes have been studied in terms of their suitability for securing gold wires into positions for neutron flux measurements in the reactor core and irradiation facilities surrounding the core of the Open Pool Australian Light water (OPAL) reactor. Gamma ray spectrometry has been performed on each irradiated tape in order to identify and quantify activated components. Numerous metallic impurities have been identified in all tapes. Calculations relating to both the effective neutron shielding properties of the tapes and the error in measurement of the 198Au activity caused by superfluous activity due to residual tape have been made. The most important identified effects were the prolonged cooling times required before safe enough levels of radioactivity to allow handling were reached, and extra activity caused by residual tape when measured with an ionisation chamber. Knowledge of the most suitable tape can allow a minimal contribution due to these effects, and the use of gamma spectrometry in preference to ionisation chamber measurements of the flux wires is shown to make all systematic errors due to the tape completely negligible.
SIPPING TEST: CHECKING FOR FAILURE OF FUEL ELEMENTS AT THE OPAL REACTOR
Smith, Michael Leslie,Bignell, Lindsey Jorden,Alexiev, Dimitri,Mo, Li Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.1
Sipping measurements were implemented at the Open Pool Australian Light water reactor (OPAL) to test for failure in reactor fuel elements. Fission product released by the fuel element into the pool water was measured using both High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detection via samples and a NaI(Tl) detection in-situ with the sipping device. Results from two fuel elements are presented.
Sipping Test: Checking for Failure of Fuel Elements at the OPAL Reactor
MICHAEL LESLIE SMITH,LINDSEY JORDEN BIGNELL,DIMITRI ALEXIEV1,LI MO 한국원자력학회 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.1
Sipping measurements were implemented at the Open Pool Australian Light water reactor (OPAL) to test for failure in reactor fuel elements. Fission product released by the fuel element into the pool water was measured using both High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detection via samples and a NaI(Tl) detection in-situ with the sipping device. Results from two fuel elements are presented.
Han, Kap-Hoon,Chun, Yoon-Hee,de Castro Pimentel Figueiredo, Bá,rbara,Soriani, Frederico Marianetti,Savoldi, Marcela,Almeida, Agostinho,Rodrigues, Fernando,Cairns, Charlie Timothy,Bignell, Elaine Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Molecular microbiology Vol.75 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>Carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) and its hydration product bicarbonate (HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) are essential molecules in various physiological processes of all living organisms. The reversible interconversion between CO<SUB>2</SUB> and HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> is in equilibrium. This reaction is slow without catalyst, but can be rapidly facilitated by Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>-metalloenzymes named carbonic anhydrases (CAs). To gain an insight into the function of multiple clades of fungal CA, we chose to investigate the filamentous fungi <I>Aspergillus fumigatus</I> and <I>A. nidulans</I>. We identified four and two CAs in <I>A. fumigatus</I> and <I>A. nidulans</I>, respectively, named <I>cafA-D</I> and <I>canA-B</I>. The <I>cafA</I> and <I>cafB</I> genes are constitutively, strongly expressed whereas <I>cafC</I> and <I>cafD</I> genes are weakly expressed but CO<SUB>2</SUB>-inducible. Heterologous expression of the <I>A. fumigatus cafB</I>, and <I>A. nidulans canA</I> and <I>canB</I> genes completely rescued the high CO<SUB>2</SUB>-requiring phenotype of a <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>&Dgr;<I>nce103</I> mutant. Only the &Dgr;<I>cafA</I>&Dgr;<I>cafB</I> and &Dgr;<I>canB</I> deletion mutants were unable to grow at 0.033% CO<SUB>2</SUB>, of which growth defects can be restored by high CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Defects in the CAs can affect <I>Aspergilli</I> conidiation. Furthermore, <I>A. fumigatus</I>&Dgr;<I>cafA</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafB</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafC</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafD</I> and &Dgr;<I>cafA</I>&Dgr;<I>cafB</I> mutant strains are fully virulent in a low-dose murine infection.</P>