부정과 고대영어의 문장구조

이필환 대한언어학회 2003 언어학 Vol.11 No.1

This is an analysis of Old English clausal structure with special reference to the sentential negation in Old English. In this paper I argue that the underlying structure of OE is not uniformly head-final, partly accepting the double base hypothesis proposed by Pintzuk(1991, 1992, 1993) and revising the view in Kemenade(1987, 1997a, 1997b) and Lee Pil-Hwan(1992, 1993, 1995, 1999). OE exhibits synchronic variation in phrase structure: at least IP may be either head-final or head-initial. It is shown that evidence for variation in the underlying position of INFL is well supported. However, the V2 is still analyzed as involving the movement of a finite verb to C(exactly, to AGRc) and the topicalization into SPEC of CP, differing from Pintzuk's hypothesis. This assumption is necessary to account for the asymmetry in V2 between root and non-root clauses. It is also argued that Old English pronominal clitics are attached to C(or AGRc), not being substituted into SPEC of FP as in Kemenade(1999, 2000).

조동사 do의 기원에 대하여

이필환 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.2

Lee, Pil-Hwan. 1999. The Origins of the Dummy Auxiliary do. Linguistics 7-2, 315-334. This article-is to review the origins of do as an auxiliary verb and its regulation. Prevailing theories, like Ellegard(1963), Traugott(1972), Denison(1985, 19934), among others, link the periphrastic auxiliary do historically with Old and Middle English causative do. But there are several views on how the causative could be developed into an auxiliary with neutral or empty meaning. It is shown that the most persuasive theory is Denison's(ibid) assumption that causative do was changed to some aspectual marker signifying perfection- or completion in Middle English and then this aspectual marker was reanalyzed as a true auxiliary, on the analogy of the modals. It is also discussed that there were several factors such as dialect, register, phonology, foreign influence, besides syntax, as the circumstances of the regulation of do in early Modern English. (Howon University)

유한 요소 방법을 이용한 인간 움직임 추적에 관한 연구

丁鍾泌,魏丞廷,梁桓碩 順天靑巖大學 1997 論文集-順天靑巖大學 Vol.21 No.2

In this paper, we propose a motion of people tacking using Snakes Model. Snakes Model is an active contour model defined by an energy function in terms of the internal energy, the image energy, and the external energy. Then we can find the people contour model in the image by minimizing the energy function using Finite Element Methods. In order to increase and effect of object tracking and adaptable motion prediction, it used temporary motion information existing in an image and led to the transformating matrix from the motion tracking algorithm for the transformating process and motion of object.

압력용기의 설계기준 및 손상 평가

오환섭,정효진,박상필,손두익 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

The damage of the pressure courage by degradation can become the reason of unexpected break down or failure accident and it is very important because safety accident, the production loss, environmental pollution, social problems are occur. Consequently The result to investigat of failure accident for domestic pressure vessel, the factor of degradation is SCC, Sorrosion, Cavity, Crack

제조업 산업장의 유기용제 노출에 관한 연구

문덕환,김정하,김필자,박명희,황용식,이채관,이창희 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and health promotion and control program on organic solvents in air of manufacturing industry. Methods : The author surveyed number of organic solvent components which was used in working site and also determined the organic solvents concentration in air of 927 manufacturing industries and 1,267 working process with gas chromatography(NIOSH manual) for five years from 1995 to 1999. Results : Mean numbers of solvents components by type of industry, working process was number of 12. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in textile manufacturing industry N,N-dimethyl furan in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and chemical and chemical product manufacturing industry by type of industry. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in handwriting and drawing process, cellosolove in adhesive spreading process, N,N-dimethly furan in production of solvent process and adhesion process by working process. Total exceeded rate to threshold limit values of organic solvents mixture were 12.9% for EI(Exposure index) and 10.0% for Em(Estimation of mixture) by type of industry, 11.3% for EI and 8.2% for Em by type of working process. The highest exceed rate was 36.7% for EI in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and 29.0% for Em in textile manufacturing industry. the highest exceeded rate was 23.1% for EI and 12.5% for Em in adhesive spreading process by working process. Mean values of total subjects by type of industry and type of working process were 0.7±1.8 for EI and 0.7±1.7 for Em respectively. Conclusions : As above results, the author suggest that it makes the environmental control program on 1.2-dichloro-ethane, N,N-dimethyl furan, cellosolve by kind of organic solvent and on textile manufacturing industry, tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery harness and footwear manufacturing industry by type of industry, and on handwriting, drawing process and adhesive spreading process and adhesion process by type of working process.

포르투갈의 모더니즘 운동 : 폐르난두 뻬소아 (Fernando Pessoa)와 가상인물(Hetero´nimos)의 세계 Fernando Pessoa e O Mundo da Heteronl´mia

송필환 이베로아메리카연구소 부산외국어대학교 2002 이베로아메리카 Vol.4 No.-

Com a publicac¸a~o em 1915 da revista litera´ria Orpheu abriu-se uma nova era na literatura portuguesa. Nesta revista a literatura portuguesa acompanhou o caminho seguido pelo Modernismo no resto da Europa. Fundada por Lui´s de Montalvo^r e Ronaldo de Carvalho na qual estavam os poetas mais representativos deste movimento em Portugal. Fernando Pessoa, Ma´rio de Sa´-Carneiro e Almada Negreiros. Os dois primeiros ja´ tinham dado o seu contributo a` revista A A´guia de 'Renascenc¸a Portuguesa' dirigido por Teixeira de Pascoaes. O objecto deste grupo era a oposic¸a~o a` literatura portuguesa tradicional e ir ao encontro do pensamento inquieto do se´culo XX. assumiram uma posic¸a~o e chista chegando mesmo a` blasfe´mia. Criaram uma literatura de novos valores, baseados no pregmatismo cienti´fico. Esta atitude causou um grande esca^ndado nos meios litera´rios e com esta revista criticaram o antigo tradicionalismo presente na literatura que os antecedeu, demonstrando uma nova forma de estar na arte, atrave´s da manifestac¸a~o de uma escrita inovadora. Na transic¸a~o do Simbolismo para o Modernismo apareceram muitas revistas lirera´rias. que divulgaram as tende^ncias mais recentes na Europa. algumas destas revistas na~o so´ abriram novas perspectivas, mas tembe´m as desenvolveram e slidificaram. Fernando Pessoa e´ um dos poetas com mais originalidade e que apresenta maior complexidade. O poeta conseguiu separar os outros 'Eus' que existiam no seu Eu, criando algumas alternativas como: o mestre Alberto Caeiro, o Dr. Ricardo Reis e o Eng. A´lvaro de Campos - a criac¸a~o dos Hetero´nimos.

외팔보 진동의 능동제어에 관한 연구

박영필,류봉조,최환영 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1985 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

With the development of a feedback controller for the active control of first three modes of a clampedfree beam vibration, the effects of the actuating point on the performance of the beam vibration control is examined by using optimal control theory of the state variable method. For the inaccessible states. Luenberger observer is designed for numerical analysis and experiments. Results show that(i) the damping effect of the active control is increased as the position of the actuator moves toward the free end and (ii) nodal points of each mode are the least effective points for the actuator to control the beam.

CTX-M형 ESBL 생성 비장티푸스성 살모넬라의 특성

박순호,서일혜,안정열,박필환,김경희,송영희,김정은 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.1

Background: Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella have been increasingly reported worldwide. ESBL-producing Salmonella is of particular concern since children cannot be treated with quinolones. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of ESBL-producing Salmonella in a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: Four clinical ESBL-producing isolates of non-typhoidal Salmonella were collected during 2001 to 2009. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion test and VITEK-II system. ESBL production was tested by ESBL phenotypic confirmatory test. TEM, SHV, CTX-M1, CTX-M2, CTX-M8, and CTX-M9 type ESBL genes were detected by PCR amplification, and PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing Results: Phenotypic confirmatory test showed that 4 of the 300 non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates were ESBL-producing: 3 S. Enteritidis and 1 S. Typhimurium. All 4 isolates were recovered during the past 1 year period. All 3 S. Enteritidis harbored CTX-M-15, while the S. Typhimurium harbored CTX-M-14. All CTX-M-15-producing S. Enteritidis isolates showed resistance both to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, while the CTX-M-14-producing S. Enteritidis were resistant only to cefotaxime. Conclusions: ESBL-producing nontyphoidal Salmonella has emerged recently and the type of ESBL has switched from TEM and SHV to CTX-M.

중등도 심부전증 환자에서 Carvedilol의 치료 효과

차동훈,차영수,국진환,황경화,김형태,임상욱,김태용,조윤경,박필원 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.4

On the Notion of Complement - To Advocate Fuzzy Grammar

Pil-Hwan Lee 한국영어학학회 2008 영어학연구 Vol.- No.25

  This article deals with the notion of complement and, concomitantly, with that of adjunct (or modifier). The main argument of this article is that the notion of complement, and at the same time the notion of adjunct, should be understood in terms of degreehood or gradience. Then we will have a (more) prototypical complement or a (more) peripheral (i.e. a less prototypical) complement. To judge the prototypicality or the peripherality of a possible complement, we should have several distinguishing criteria (or tests or characteristics) for complements. The more criteria are met, the higher the prototypicality of the element will be. Thus the notion of complement shows the so-called Subsective Gradience (gradience within a particular class of linguistic elements), ? la Aarts (2004, 2007). Despite the gradience observed within the notion of complement, however, the lessening of the prototypicality of the element to become a complement does not mean the increasing of the possibility for the element to become an adjunct, since there is assumed to be a clear boundary between the two notions. Ultimately, there is no Intersective Gradience, ? la Aarts (2004, 2007), in the distinction between complement and adjunct. It will be concluded that there is no element which is both a complement and an adjunct in a specific construction.