十二變에 대한 考察 : 六元正紀大論을 중심으로

채영진,남호현,이석모,여성원,한성규,이재원,안민식,정헌영,금경수 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

The six kinds of natural factors(It refers to wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness and fire.) is constantly moving to maintain the balance of whole climate of one year. Four seasons are the largest mediation of whole climate of one year. The cold and the heat have the relationship of mutual intervention. The dampness and the dryness have it also. In this process they raise various climate appearance. And that various climate appearance influence the whole lives on the earth. This paper is concerned with the classification of them.

素問·奇病論에 對한 硏究

金泳衫,琴坰樹,朴炅 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1996 원광한의학 Vol.6 No.1

원주지역에서 발생한 비외상성 심정지의 일주변화

박금수,김영식,이진응,임종천,이강현,임경수,황성오,최경훈 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

To estimate the quality of the emergency medical services system of Wonju City, we studied the diurnal variations of 179 non-traumatic cardiac arrest victims who received cardiopulmonary reuscitation at the emergency center of Wonju Christian Hospital. Diurnal variations of non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients were as follows ; The occurence of cardiac arrest at day-time was higher than night-time; 18 cases (11%) from midnight to AM 4, 25 cases (14%) from AM 4 to AM 8, 42 cases (24%) from AM 8 to AM 12, 46 cases (25%) from AM 12 to PM 4, 35 cases (19%) from PM 4 to PM 8, 13 cases (7%) from PM 8 to midnight. Witness cardiac arrest was increased more during the day than night ; 40% from midnight to AM 4, 48% from AM 4 to AM 8, 57% from AM 8 to AM 12.52% from AM 12 to PM 4, 60% from PM 4 to PM 8, 38% from PM 8 to midnight. The transportation time at night-time cardiac arrest was more longer than day-time cardiac arrest ; 30±12mins from midnight to AM 4, 26±9mins from AM 4 to AM 8, 27±12mins AM 8 to Am 12, 25±11mins from AM 12 to PM 4, 25±9mins from PM 4 to PM 8, 35±15mins from PM 8 to midnight. The rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) in day-time cardiac arrest was higher than the night-time cardiac arrest ; 30% from midnight to AM 4, 36% from AM 4 to AM 8, 32% AM 8 to AM 12, 44% from AM 12 to PM 4, 41% from PM 4 to PM 8, 15% from PM 8 to midnight. The survival rate of cardiac arrest has been correlated with collapse time, early bystander CPR, early advanced care. To improve outcome for prehospital cardiac arrest, we concluded that early bystander CPR, and early advanced life support should be performed at the scene and during the transportation especially at night.

SAW 지연선을 이용한 발진기

최영호,정관수,황금찬 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1983 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

In this paper, a stabilized oscillator is realized using a radio frequency amplifier and a SAW delay line which is fabricated on YZ-LiNbO₃by photolithography. A multimode oscillation around 50 MHz and a single mode oscillation at 50 MHz are obtained within the frequency range of the frequency response of SAW delay line.

전신마취시 경막외강에 투여한 Fentanyl과 Clonidine의 술후 제통효과비교

국종수,소금영,안태훈 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.2

Epidurally administered clonidine produces analgesia by an alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism and may provide postoperative analgesia without nausea, pruritus and respiratory depression associated with opioid administration. Many studies have shown the benificial effects of epidural clonidine in postoperative pain management. Pre-administered epidural analgesic agent before the skin incision may Prevent the nociceptive input. We provided the pre-emptive analgesia and compared the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural clonidine that of with epidural fentanyl. Thirty gynecologic Patients, ASA (American society of anesthesiologists) Physical status 1, 2, undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, were studied. They were not taking any premedications. Before anesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted at the L<아래첨자>2-3</아래첨자> interspace. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. Group 1 received 100 ㎍ fentanyl in normal saline IS ml through the epidural catether, and group 2 received 150 ㎍ clonidine in normal saline 15 ml. During the operation, we recorded the vital signs and side effects. Just before suturing peritoneum, we injected the corresponding drugs on individual groups through the epidural catheter In the recovery room, the postoperative analgesia was assessed by VAS (visual analogue scale). Vital signs, sedation score and side effects were also checked. VAS and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the group 2 than the group 1 at the recovery room. The diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and sedation score were not significantly different between the two groups at the recovery room. Also the vital signs during the operation were not significantly differnt between the two groups The incidence of hypotension was 3 out of 15 in the group 2 Epidural bolus clonidine 150 ㎍ produces more profound and longer postoperative analgesic effects than fentanyl 100 ㎍ at the lower abdominal surgery. But hypotension may occure more frequently. So, if we select the patient cautiously, clonidine is a good alternative analgesic agent for the epidural analgesia.

素問·氣交變大論에 對한 硏究

蔡英?,鄭憲瑩,琴坰樹,朴炅 대한한의진단학회 1998 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.2 No.2

The contents of Ki Kyo Byun Dae Ron(氣交燮大論) are explained on the basis of the so-called "Five elements motion and six kinds of natural factorsc(五運大氣)" theory. The relevant adaptation of the human body to natural enviroment is one of the basic theoties in Oriental medicine, according to which the physical structure and physiological phenomena of human body as well as the physiological changes are in adaptative confirmity with the variations of the natural environment, and hence in diagnosis and treatment the influences of environmental factors such as climatic conditions, geographical localities, etc., should be considered. The theory of Fve Circuit Phases and Six Atomsphric Influences is based on this thought. Summeriiing the contents of the Ki Kyo Byun Dae Ron(氣交燮大論) in reference to the contents of successive generation note, the contents were as follows; What attract our attention in chapter Ⅰ are climatic changes and pathologic explanations on the diseases which are invited by a certain excessive circuit phase. What attract our attention in chapter Ⅱ are climatic changes and pathologic explanations on the diseases which are invited by a certain insufficient circuit phase. The main point of chapter Ⅲ is the promoting and counteracting relations of the five circuit phases taken as a whole, which forms a self-limiting balanced process. What attract our attention in chapter Ⅳ, Ⅴ is the change of five planets brigtness which is invited by excessive or insufficient circuit phase.

새로운 연노출의 효과지표로서의 혈장 δ-aminolevulinic acid 측정의 유용성

이금원,황보영,김용배,리갑수,이성수,장봉기,함정오,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 2001 순천향산업의학 Vol.7 No.1

To evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of plasma δ - aminolevulinic acid (ALAP) as a new effect indicator of lead exposure, the association of ALAP with blood lead, DMSA chelatable lead and bone lead with a special emphasis of genetic interaction of ALAD polymorphism was studied with 419 lead exposed workers and 85 non-lead exposed workers. Lead workers were recruited from storage battery industries, secondary smelting industries and other lead using industries and non-lead workers selected from electronic refrigerator manufacturing industry. Blood lead, DMSA chelatable lead and bone lead were chosen for parameters of lead exposure. Plasma and urinary ALA were selected for the effect parameter of lead intoxication. Information for age, smoking, drinking habit and body mass index were also obtained. Job duration for lead workers was also collected. The overall prevalence of the variant allele, ALAD type 1-2 or 2-2(ALAD2) in lead exposed workers was 10.0% (42 out of 419 lead workers) which was not differed from control workers (9.4% : 8 out of 85). The means blood lead and DMSA chelatable lead of lead workers with ALAD 1(ALAD type 1-1) were lower than those of lead workers with ALAD2, but the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the mean of tibia lead of lead workers with ALADI was higher than that of lead workers with ALAD2, but the difference was not statistically significant. DMSA chelatable lead showed highest correlation with log transformed plasma ALA(LALAP)(r=0.682) and blood lead and tibia lead had r=0.650, r=0,402 correlation coefficient with LALAP respectively On the other hand. log transformed urinary ALA(LALAU) had lower correlation coefficient with all three parameters of lead exposure than LALAP. The equation of robustic simple linear regression of blood lead on LALAP was LALAP=2.0439+0.0165PbB in ALADI lead workers and LALAP=2.031+0.0121PbB in ALAD2 lead workers. ALAD genotype in the multiple regression analysis of blood lead with LALAP after adjusting for possible confounders(sex, ago, BMI, smoking and drinking status and job duration) showed significant main effect on LALAP resulting lower LALAP in ALAD2 lead workers than ALADI lead workers. On the other hand, effect modification of ALAD genotype was observed in the multiple regression analysis of tibia lead with LALAP after adjusting for possible confounders, but there was no significant effect of ALAD genotype in the multiple regression analysis of DMSA chelatable lead with LALAP after covariate adjustment. With above results, plasma ALA was found to be a useful effect parameter of lead exposure compared with urinary ALA. It was also observed that ALAD polymorphism made significant effect on the association of blood and tibia lead with ALAP. Thc lower plasma ALA in ALAD2 lead workers suggested supportive effect of ALAD2 in lead exposure.

現代建築空間에 表現된 場所性에 관한 硏究

우수령,李根宅,朴斗涌 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1991 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.2

The logic of Modern Architecture in the early part of the 20th century was begun to be criticized intensely, and functionalism, idealism, philosophy of university brought about the loss of identity. The attempt to retrieve the humanity by a methodology for solutions of given problems leads contemporary architecture to the pluralism. Consequently, contemporary architecture is to harmonize architecture with environment, and that is possible when we introduce the concept of place into architecture. The concept of place is not new, but rediscovery. Place is every-where human exists. For a long time a place has been understood in Genius Loci and a guardian deity. It is parted into natural and man-made place, and they are subdivided into romantic, classical, cosmic, complex landscape/architecture. Place is not abstract or geometrical but concrete. By definition, combination and concentration of space and control of the direction, place is where man orients, shelters and feels enclosure, intimacy, security and position. A method to express a sense of place based on a mental image of human who experiences a place is embodied through visualization, complementation and symbolization and when a sense of place is expressed. It is possible that man orients and is individualized.

심폐소생술중 심실기능 및 판막운동의 평가

이부수,김영식,이강현,황성오,임경수,박금수,윤정한,안무업,최경훈 대한응급의학회 1994 대한응급의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Background : Mechanism of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in humans remains controversial and poorly understood, although cardiac or thoracic pump theory was proposed. We investigated cardiac movement, ventricular function and atrioventricular valve motion with aid of transesophageal echocardiography during precordial compression during CPR in humans. Methods and results : During CPR transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 14 patients with non-traumatic cardiac arrest. Manual precordial compression during CPR was performed according to American Heart Association guidelines. Mitral valve closed in 9 and did not close in 5 patients during "compression systole". Tricuspid valve closed during compression systole. Compression vector directed to right ventricle, basal portion of interventricular septum and left atrium. The heart rotated clockwise and the apex was more displaced than the base("swing motion"). Fractional shortening(FS) and ejection fraction(EF) of right ventricle exceeded those of left ventricle(FS : 55±9% vs 18±8%, p<0.05), EF : 79±9% vs 37±16%, p<0.05). FS and EF of left ventricle was higher in patients with systolic mitral valve closure than patients with persistent systolic opening of mitral valve(FS : 21±7 vs 13±7%, EF : 45±12 vs 22±12%, p<0.05), but FS and EF of right ventricle was not different. Conclusion : During precordial compression, the heart rotated clockwise and displaced. Systolic function of right ventricle exceeded left ventricle. Marked compression of right ventricle and systolic closure of tricuspid valve suggested that right ventricle functioned as a pump generating blood flow during precordial compression. Closure of mitral valve was dependant on systolic function of the left ventricle.

네모나프라이드의 유효성 및 추체외로 부작용 : Haloperidol 및 Risperidone과의 자연관찰적 개방형 비교연구 A Naturalistic Open Comparative Study with Haloperidol and Risperidone

서영수,김용관,신동환,공보금,이정구,박정환,윤성환,정치영,이상경,김영훈 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.2

Objectives : This open prospective study was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy and extrapyramidal adverse effects of nemonapride in the schizophrenic patients, and was compared wit one of typical antipshchotics. haloperidol and one of atypical antipsychotics, risperidone. Methods : Thirty male and female schizophrenic patients(DSM-Ⅳ) were treated for 12 weeks with haloperidol(n=10), risperidone(n=10) and nemonapride(n=10). The overall efficacy was assessed at baseline, 1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia(PANSS). Also the overall safety was assessed in the same time period by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS). Results : There were no significant differences in PANSS scores(total, positive, negative, and general psycho­pathology subscale) among haloperidol, risperidone, and nemonapride groups, Treatment responders, defined as at least 20% reduction of baseline total PANSS score, were achieved by 8 patients(80%) in haloperidol group, 10 patients(100%) in risperidone group, and 8 patients(80%) in nemonapride group. And there were no significant differences in ESRS total scores among haloperidol, risperidone, and nemonapride group. Inter-group comparison among haloperidol, risperidone and nemonapride group, as assessed by the ESRS, revealed no significant differences in the shifts to the maximum score, 9.4(±9.4), 6.2(±8.4), and 11.3(±8.1) respectively, and also revealed no significant differences in the mean time reaching the maximum score, 4.5(±4.5) week, 7.8(±4.8) week, and 4.6(±4.4) week, respectivily. Conclusion : There wee no significant differences in the efficacy and extrapyramidal adverse effects among haloperidal, rispecridone and nemonapride groups. These results suggest that nemonapride was as efficacious and safe in he treatment of schizophrenia, as well known and widely used antipsychotics, haloperidol and risperidone.