Carbachol Regulates Pacemaker Activities in Cultured Interstitial Cells of Cajal from the Mouse Small Intestine

소금영,김상훈,손홍문,Soo Jin Choi,Shankar Prasad Parajuli,최석,염철호,Pyung Jin Yoon,전제열 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.27 No.5

We studied the effect of carbachol on pacemaker currents in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from the mouse small intestine by muscarinic stimulation using a whole cell patch clamp technique and Ca2+-imaging. ICC generated periodic pacemaker potentials in the current-clamp mode and generated spontaneous inward pacemaker currents at a holding potential of -70 mV. Exposure to carbachol depolarized the membrane and produced tonic inward pacemaker currents with a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of the pacemaker currents. The effects of carbachol were blocked by 1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium, a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, but not by methotramine, a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist. Intracellular GDP-β-S suppressed the carbachol-induced effects. Carbachol-induced effects were blocked by external Na+-free solution and by flufenamic acid, a non-selective cation channel blocker, and in the presence of thapsigargin, a Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, carbachol still produced tonic inward pacemaker currents with the removal of external Ca2+. In recording of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations using fluo 3-AM dye, carbachol increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations with increasing of Ca2+ oscillations. These results suggest that carbachol modulates the pacemaker activity of ICC through the activation of non-selective cation channels via muscarinic M3 receptors by a G-protein dependent intracellular Ca2+ release mechanism.

하지수술에서 희석된 고비중 Bupivacaine의 효과

소금영,양인호,안태훈,이준영 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.2

Background: Although lidocaine seems to be one of the most suitable spinal anesthesias for ambulatory surgery, the safety of lidocaine spinal anesthesia has been called into question by report of both permanent and transient neurologic toxicity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of adapting the longer acting spinal bupivacaine in short duration of lower extremity operation. Methods: Forty five patient were randomly assigned to three groups for spinal anesthesia, Group Ⅰ (15㎎ bupivacaine), 3㎖ of 0.5% spinal bupivacaine in 8% dextrose; Group Ⅱ (10㎎ bupivacaine), 2㎖ of the 0.5% spinal bupivacaine +1㎖ saline; Group Ⅲ (7.5㎎ bupivacaine), 1.5㎖ of the 0.5% spinal bupivacaine +1.5㎖ saline. Dural puncture were performed at the L3-L4 with 25 gauge needle in lateral position after which the patients were turned to the supine horizontal position. We checked peak sensory level and height, time to two segment regression and S2 sensory regression via pin-prick test and motor block level by modified Bromage scale. Results: There were significantly difference with regard to peak sensory level and height, time to two segment regression and S2 regression, and motor blockade level between Group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ. Conclusions: Dilute Bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia provided the combination of adequate depth of anesthesia and rapid recovery. We conclude that 0.5% bupivacaine 7.5㎎ with normal saline 1.5㎖ is effective in spinal anesthesia for short-duration lower extremity surgery.

단순 요부 추간판절제술 후 triamcinolone의 창상 도포의 진통 감소 효과

소금영,한형철 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.2

Background: The efficacy of epidural injection of steroids to patients with sciatica is well established. This study was desinged to investigate the efficacy of epidural triamcinolone application as an adjuvant therapy to reduce pain after simple lumbar discectomy. Method: We evaluated the efficacy of wound infiltration with triamcinolone in 36 consecutive patients undergoing elective simple lumbar discectomy in a prospective, double- blind, randomized controlled trial. The pain scores were recorded at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours and total morphine dosage after 24 hours was checked. Results: Total morphine dosage after 24 hours was 8.83, 4.71, 2.75 mg for patients receiving no steroids, triamcinolone 40 mg, and 60 mg. Conclusions: Application with triamcinolone 60 mg is a safe and effective method for providing postoperative pain relief and reducing narcotic use in patient undergoing lumbar laminectomy.

Anatomical relationship of the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery in Korean : A computed tomographic evaluation

소금영,김상훈,김동우 대한마취통증의학회 2015 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.10 No.2

Background: It is important to understand the anatomical relationship of the internal jugular vein (IJV) to the common carotid arteries (CCAs) to avoid inadvertent arterial injury. This study used computed tomography (CT) to evaluate this relationship and the changes associated with simulated 30o body rotation (SR30) in Korean subjects. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 81 healthy adult subjects was performed using CT during physical checkups between November 2012 and September 2013. Data on both the left and right side IJV and CCA were recorded at the level of the cricoid cartilage and analyzed. The CCA was used as a reference for estimating the IJV location; this was recorded as lateral, anterior, medial, or posterior, using a segmented grid. The degree of overlap was calculated as a percentage, and changes to the anatomic relationship and overlap percentage caused by SR30 were derived. Results: Prior to simulating rotation, the IJV was lateral (54.3%), posterolateral (27.2%), anterolateral (17.9%), or anterior (0.6%) to the CCA. After SR30, their position moved significantly in the anterolateral direction (P = 0.000). The degree of overlap significantly increased from 42.0 to 91.4% after SR30 (P = 0.000). No significant difference was observed between results obtained on the right and left sides before or after SR30. Conclusions: Special attention should be paid to possible CCA puncture during IJV catheterization because head or body rotation may induce anterior shifting of the IJV location relative to the CCA as well as an increased degree of overlap.

Rocuronium 정주시 통증에서 Ondansetron 전처치에 따른 효과

소금영,기형섭 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.2

Background: Intravenous rocuronium produces intense discomfort at the injection in conscious patients. The purpose of this study was two fold; first, to determine the incidence and severity of pain associated with IV injection of rocuronium in conscious patients; and second, to determine the efficacy of IV ondansetron in minimizing injection pain. Methods: We evaluated 60 inpatients undergoing various elective surgery. The patients were randomized into three groups of 20 patients in double blinded prospective study. After tourniquet application on forearm, the patients were given saline (4 ml) (Group I, n=20), ondansetron 6 mg (Group II, n=20), ondansetron 8 mg (Group III, n=20). The occlusion was released after 20 seconds and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was injected over 10 seconds. The patients were observed and asked immediately if they had pain in the arm, and the response was assessed. Thirty seconds after the administration of the rocuronium, 5 mg/kg of thiopental was administered intravenously. Results: We observed that the incidence of moderate to severe pain was 85 % in the group 1 and were significantly decreased to 45 % in the group 2, 5 % in the group 3. Conclusions; The doses of 6 mg and 8 mg ondansetron was effective in relieving the pain of rocuronium.

Nefopam does not influence onset and recovery profiles of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled study

소금영,문현매,김상훈 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.13 No.3

Background: We investigated the hypothesis that pretreatment with nefopam 20 mg would influence the onset and recovery profiles of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, 134 patients, aged between 20–65 years, belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I or II, were randomly allocated to receive either 0.9% normal saline (control group) or nefopam 20 mg (nefopam group), infused over one hour before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with remifentanil and propofol, followed by endotracheal intubation with rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. We recorded the lag time, onset time, clinical duration, recovery index, recovery time, and total recovery time. Results: We included 111 patients in the final analysis. The lag time, onset time, clinical duration, recovery index, recovery time, and total recovery time of the nefopam group (n = 57) were not significantly different compared with that of the control group (n = 54). Conclusions: Pretreatment with nefopam 20 mg one hour before induction of anesthesia does not have a significant influence on the onset and recovery profiles of rocuronium- induced neuromuscular block.

정맥부위마취 시 Mepivacaine 에 첨가한 Tramadol 의 효과

소금영,김훈정,고우석 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.42 No.2

Background : Tramadol, an opioid ?? receptor agonist and monoaminergic reuptake inhibitor, has been studied as an adjunct to general and regional anesthesia. Tramadol has been added to local anesthetic regimens for various peripheral nerve blocks, resulting in prolonged anesthesia and analgesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using tramadol as a component of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) to enhance postoperative analgesia. Methods : Thirty-six patients undergoing hand surgery received IVRA with mepivacaine 0.5%, and were assigned randomly and blindly to one of the following groups: Group Ⅰ (n = 12) received only 0.5% mepivacaine 40 ㎖, Group Ⅱ (n = 12) was given 0.5% mepivacaine 40 ㎖ and 50 ㎎ tramadol, and Group Ⅲ (n = 12) recived 0.5% mepivacaine 40 ㎖ and 100 ㎎ tramadol. After the completion of the operations, analgesic effects were evaluated by using the visual analogue scale (0-10). Sedation scores (0-3), supplemental analgesic use, and side effects were also evaluated. Results : Patients who received IVRA with 100 ㎎ tramadol reported a significantly lower pain score after tourniquet deflation compared with other group, and a decreased need for analgesics in the postanesthesia care unit. No significant postoperative sedation, nausea, vomiting, or headache developed in any of the patients. Conclusions : The addition of 100 ㎎ tramadol to 0.5% mepivacaine for IVRA provided improved analgesia in the postanesthesia care unit after the operation and decreased the need for analgesic supplements after the operation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 42: 172~176)

중심정맥 천자 후 발생한 종격동 혈종과 혈흉

소금영,한승용,정기호 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.2

Central venous catheterization has become an important aid in the management of critically ill patients and in anesthetic management for cases associated with severe hemodynamic changes. This procedure may be associated with life-threatening complications. The complications of central venipuncture included pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemomediastinum and nerve injury, etc. We have experienced a case of hemomedia-stinum and hemothorax as a complication of central venipuncture.

소아에서 편도절제술 시행시 진통효과 : Tramadol과 Meperidine의 비교

소금영,식홍림,임시경,안태훈,임태승 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.3

Background: Pain is major problem regarding quality of life in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Preemptive analgesia by medicine given before commencement of surgery is a new recommended for relief of pain during and after operation. We compared intra-and postoperative analgesic and recovery characteristics of tramadol, meperidine given at induction of anesthesia in 40 ASA I or II children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Materias and Methods: Fourty children aged 4-7 years undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were randomly assigned to receive either tramadol 2 mg/kg (group 1) or meperidine 1 mg/kg (group 2) at induction of anesthesia. Thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg) and rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) were used for the induction of anesthesia, and it was maintained with sevoflurane in N₂O/O₂50/50 via an endotracheal tube. Pain assessment was done by facial pain scale. Agitation scores, time to recovery of spontaneous respiration and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure was recorded at regular intervals. Results: Facial pain scale scores were increased in group 1 at 10 and 20 min in recovery room. There was no difference for agitation scores in the two groups. Intraoperative mean arterial pressure (15th min) were found to be higher in group 1. The time to recovery of spontaneous respiration was delayed with group 2 compared with group 1. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was not statistically differed between groups. Conclusions: Meperidine was more effective for pain relief than tramadol after tonsillectomy in children.

쇄석위 체위 후 발생한 총비골신경마비

소금영,한형철,김춘식,정종달,유병식 대한마취과학회 2004 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.46 No.2