Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

The effects of antibiotics on the reproductive physiology targeting ovaries in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

Ha Young‐Ran,Jeong Se‐Jin,Jang Chang‐Won,Chang Kyu‐Sik,Kim Hyun‐Woo,Cho Shin‐Hyoung,Lee Hee‐Il 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.2

Mosquitoes have adapted to various environmental conditions. Symbionts with mosquitoes impact this adaptation in different environments. In the field, mosquitoes could get exposed to antibiotics during their developmental period, which could reduce or eliminate their symbiotic microbes. However, the side effects of the antibiotics on the ovary and reproductive physiology of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline and combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline at environmentally acceptable levels on the reproductive physiology of ovaries in Ae. albopictus. Rifampicin and tetracycline in combination reduced the hatching rate and fertility of Ae. albopictus compared to the untreated control group. These antibiotics induced histopathological damage and reactive oxygen species production in the ovaries. The combination of antibiotics decreased the expression of surface protein of Wolbachia (WSP) in Ae. albopictus. Additionally, the expression of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Myd88 were triggered by the combinations. The findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of antibiotics, particularly combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline, on the reproductive capacity of Ae. albopictus females.

Kidney Toxicity Induced by 13 Weeks Exposure to the Fruiting Body of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Rats

Mihye Jeong,Young-Won Kim,Jeong-Ran Min,Min Kwon,Beom-Suk Han,Jeong-Gyu Kim,Sang-Hee Jeong 한국독성학회 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (β2m), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-α), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

Effects of Modified MMT on Mechanical Properties of EVA/MMT Nanocomposites and Their Foams

Xu, Zheng Run,Park, Hae Youn,Kim, Ho Young,Seo, Kwan Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Macromolecular symposia Vol.264 No.1

<P>In this study, nanocomposites of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) with two kinds of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by melt intercalation. Their structures and mechanical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile test respectively. Especially, foaming of these nanocomposites mixed with chemical blowing agent was carried out through compression molding. Influences of OMMT on foaming ratio and mechanical properties were investigated by density test, tensile test and tear test. Results revealed that both kinds of OMMT with proper content increased tensile strength and Young's modulus of nanocomposites without a compromise of elongation at break. For foaming, OMMTs apparently improved foaming ratio and in particular, one of them can improve tear strength, tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation although the density was decreased.</P>

제대 간호장교의 재취업 경험에 대한 탐구

유명란 ( Myoung Ran Yoo ),정유미 ( Yoo Mi Jung ),김선영 ( Sun Young1 Kim ),김명자 ( Myung Ja Kim ) 국군간호사관학교 군진간호연구소 2012 군진간호연구 Vol.30 No.2

Purpose: This study was designed to explore the re-employment process of retired nurse officers and to develop a grounded theory about their experiences. Methods: The participants were 9 retired nurse officers holding jobs. Data was collected through interviews using MP3 recordings. The data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin(1998) method. Results: The process of ``seeking new dream by breaking down the barrier of reality`` was categorized into four stages: ``destiny: wrapping up the military service``, ``anxiety: looking for a job``, ``adaptation to the new job: giving up, meagerly holding on, satisfaction``, and ``dreaming: planning for the future``. There were four steps of emotional change in this chronological order: ``lack of concern``, ``anxiety: low self-esteem``, ``confidence: stepping up to the challenge``, ``missing the military``. Conclusion: The findings of this study will help better understand the retired nurse officers`` re-employment experience.

전통누룩 진균류를 이용한 입국의 제조 및 입국곰팡이의 동정

김재호 ( Jae Ho Kim ),권영희 ( Young Hee Kwon ),이애란 ( Ae Ran Lee ),김혜련 ( Hye Ryun Kim ),안병학 ( Byung Hak Ahn ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

다양한 향미를 가진 막걸리의 개발을 위해 전통누룩으로부터 분리한 곰팡이로 입국을 제조한 후 품질특성을 분석하여 입국의 규격에 적합하며 이취가 없고 관능이 우수한 9균주를 입국 제조용 우수균주로 최종 선발하였다. 선발된 균주는 Aspergillus oryzae(C1-5-2-2, C20-7-3, CN1.3.1-4, CN16.19.1-1, N152-1, N220-1), Mycocladus corymbiferus (N162-2), Rhizopus oryzae(N20), Lichtheimia corymbifera (N21)로 동정되었으며, 제조한 입국의 산도는 5.0~6.8, 당화력은 128~241sp이었다. Various koji were prepared by fungi isolated from traditional nuruk and their quality characteristics were investigated. Acidity and saccharification power of their koji were ranged in 5.0~6.8 and 128sp~241sp. Nine fungi which were showed good quality and sensory evaluation were identified by analysis of their nucleotide sequences with PCR-amplified 18S rDNA internal transcribed spacer-1(ITS-1) and ITS-4 genes. Among them, six strains were identified as Aspergillus oryzae and the other strains were identified as Mycocladus corymbiferus, Rhizopus oryzae, Lichtheimia corymbifera.

Kidney Toxicity Induced by 13 Weeks Exposure to the Fruiting Body of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Rats

Jeong, Mi-Hye,Kim, Young-Won,Min, Jeong-Ran,Kwon, Min,Han, Beom-Suk,Kim, Jeong-Gyu,Jeong, Sang-Hee Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (${\beta}2m$), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-${\alpha}$), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

High-frequency micromechanical resonators from aluminium–carbon nanotube nanolaminates

Bak, Jung Hoon,Kim, Young Duck,Hong, Seung Sae,Lee, Byung Yang,Lee, Seung Ran,Jang, Jae Hyuck,Kim, Miyoung,Char, Kookrin,Hong, Seunghun,Park, Yun Daniel Nature Publishing Group 2008 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.7 No.6

At micro- and nanoscales, materials with high Young’s moduli and low densities are of great interest for high-frequency micromechanical resonator devices. Incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their unmatched properties, has added functionality to many man-made composites. We report on the fabrication of ≤100-nm-thick laminates by sputter-deposition of aluminium onto a two-dimensional single-walled CNT network. These nanolaminates—composed of Al, its native oxide Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and CNTs—are fashioned, in a scalable manner, into suspended doubly clamped micromechanical beams. Dynamic flexural measurements show marked increases in resonant frequencies for nanolaminates with Al–CNT laminae. Such increases, further supported by quasi-static flexural measurements, are partly attributable to enhancements in elastic properties arising from the addition of CNTs. As a consequence, these nanolaminate micromechanical resonators show significant suppression of mechanical nonlinearity and enhanced strength, both of which are advantageous for practical applications and analogous to biological nanocomposites, similarly composed of high-aspect-ratio, mechanically superior mineral platelets in a soft protein matrix.

군 간호 리더십 개념 개발

김은경 ( Eun Kyong Kim ),유명란 ( Myoung Ran Yoo ),박계화 ( Kye Hwa Park ),금경림 ( Kyeong Lim Keum ),정은영 ( Eun Young Jung ) 국군간호사관학교 군진간호연구소 2015 군진간호연구 Vol.33 No.2

Purpose: This study identifies the concept of `military nursing leadership’ based on a qualitative investigation. Methods: The study is based on Hybrid Model, proposed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. The study compromises of 3 steps : theory investigation, field study and final analysis. For theory investigation, we searched various literatures about ‘leadership’. Secondly, field study was conducted through interview and participatant observation of 14 participants (6 patients, 4 peer workers, and 4 nursing officers). Based on the above, we identified conceptual attributes of military nursing leadership. Results: Identified 9 attributes of military nursing leadership are achievement of group goal, respect, leading attitude, communication, educating how to be soldierly, specialty, persuasive power, judgment, and encouragement. Those attributes indicate that military nursing leadership is a process of achieving group goal through communication, educating soldierly manners based on encouragement and respect by nursing officers with specialty, persuasive power and judgement. Conclusion: In this study, we provide a way of understanding definition and 9 attributes of military nursing leadership to make military nursing officers have better apprehensibility. In addition, it can be helpful data in developing concept of military nursing leadership and related educational course.

A 13-week repeated dose oral toxicity study on a water extract of Artemisia annua in Sprague-Dawley rat

Su-Jin Park,Seong-Hyun Ho,Seon-Hee Kim2,Chanyoung Park,Eun-Young Cho,Ji-Ran You 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2020 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.21 No.1