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Mechanical Characterization of Nano-Structured Materials Using Nanoindentation
( Ju Young Kim ),( Sung Hoon Kim ),( Jung Suk Lee ),( Kyung Woo Lee ),( Dong Il Kwon ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2006 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.12 No.3
The principal strengths of the nanoindentation technique, which is used extensively to measure the mechanical properties of nano/micro materials, are easy sample preparation and simple experimental method. Hardness and Young`s modulus are essential properties measured by nanoindentation; hardness corresponds to resistance to plastic deformation whereas Young`s modulus is related to elastic deformation. Two key difficulties arise in association with nanoindentation on small volumes: measurement accuracy and material response. Here we discuss the indentation size effect (ISE) considering tip bluntness and variation in hardness of nano-multilayers with a bilayer period, representative research on measurement improvement, and material response at nanoscales.
Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>
한국인 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 및 이차성 당뇨병 환자에서 글루코키나제 유전자 변이
남재현(Jae Hyun Nam),이현철(Hyun Chul Lee),김연의(Youn Euy Kim),권석호(Suk Ho Kwon),윤용석(Yong Suk Yoon),박석원(Suk Won Park),원영준(Young Jun Won),차봉수(Bong Su Cha),송영득(Young Duk Song),이은직(Eun Jig Lee),임승길(Sung Kil Lim) 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.54 No.6
N/A Objectives: Mutations in the glucokinase (GCK) gene are considered a possible cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of this gene to the development of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and post-renal transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Method: Identification of GCK mutation was attempted on 39 NIDDM patients, 2 GDM patients and 58 selected renal allograft recipients with PTDM and 45 normal controls. The exons in the GCK gene were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by analysis of single-stranded DNA conformational polymorphism (SSCP). The abnormal bands were also confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. The exons of affected family members were also investigated for mutations of the GCK gene. Results: Two of the 58 PTDM patients (3.4%) were found to have CKK mutations. One had the mutation on exon 5 and the other on intron 7. One control subject had the mutation on intmn 9. The mutation of exon 5 was identified as a substitution of CCT (proline) for CTT (leucine) at codon 164, which has not ever reported before. The family members of the PFDM patient with mutation of exon 5 were analyzed by PCR followed by SSCP, and two of them revealed the same mutation. The abnormal band on the SSCP analysis of exon 7 was identified as the insertion of base C/T at the 39th nucleotide in intron 7. Two family members of this patients also had same band on SSCP. The one mutation of 45 normal controls was CT located at the 8th nucleotide in intron 9, which was a common polymorphism. Conclusion: We found GCK mutations in subjects with PTDM and we speculate that these mutations may be one of the contributing cause of PTDM.
다공질규소 다층 박막의 광학적 특성에 대한 컴퓨터 시늉내기
권인숙,김문원,홍사용,김영유,류지욱,이춘우 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1999 自然科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-
다층 박막의 광학적 특성을 컴퓨터 시늉내기로 조사하기 위해 다층박막의 특성 매트릭스 (transfer matrix)를 세우고 이 것을 사용하여 전체 반사율을 계산하였다. 컴유터 시늉내기는 페브리-페로(FP)형 다중박막과 브래그(DBR)형 다중 박막에 대해 수행되었다. 각 경우에 대해 다양한 두께와 박막의 주기 수를 변화시키며 반사 스펙트럼을 조사하였다. 마지막으로 실제 결과와 비교하기 위해 다공질규소의 발광 스펙트럼을 가우스 함수로 근사하여 FP필터와의 전체 광학적 특성 결과를 얻었다. 그 결과 FP형 필터는 원하는 스펙트럼의 영역과 폭을 선택 할 수 있었다. 또한 FP형 필터의 성능은 반복되는 층의 수가 8개 이상이 되면 별로 향상되지 않았다. 따라서 실험적으로 적절한 층수는 8개 정도가 적절할 것이다. To simulate optical characteristics of multi-layers, we set up transfer matrices and constructed a total transfer matrix and calculated reflectivity of a system. The simulation was conducted on Fabry-Perot(FP) and Bragg reflector(DBR). For each case, numbers of layers and its thickness were varied to observe changes in its reflectivity. Finally, to compare our results with real data, we constructed a ps luminescence spectrum with two Gaussian functions and calculated output with various FP layers, in which indices of retraction were 1.27 and 2.24. We found FP type filter could select desired range and width of spectra. The ability of FP filters improves very little when a number of period in multi-layer was greater than 8. Therefore we suggest that 8 period FP filter is proper for experimental purpose.
벼 담수산파 재배시 파종량·질소분시·물관리 방법의 차이가 생육 및 수량성에 미치는 영향
권영립,권석주,조승현,최동철 원광대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.35 No.-
This study was carried out to investigate in connection with seeding rate according to the fertilizer application method and water management in direct seeding on flooded paddy surface. The total nitrogen and chlorophyll contents was decreased as increasing amount of seeding. The total nitrogen and chlorophyll contents were high in the strong drainage methods than the custom water management. LAI and dry mater recording where the seeding amount will increase to the fertilizer application method it increases consequently were low tendency from the site which omits the omitted the top dressing at tillering stage. The number of panicles per square metre was increased according to amount of seeding, but the number of spikelets per panicle was decreased. When omitted the top dressing at tillering stage and increasing the amount of seeding, the rice yield was high and amount of seeding was 89 kg per hectare. The results indicate that increasing of seeding rate and omission of fertilizer application with strong drainage at tillering stage was to reduce field lodging degree, to economy of water culture and to save labor for fertilization.
권석주,송영은,권영립,이덕렬,조승현,최동철 원광대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.35 No.-
Increasing concern about a rice quality, it is considered postharvest technology as well as cultivation management as an important factor. Therefore it is necessary to find optimal drying, storage method that did not affected a rice quality. In order to find the optimum storage period of rice, the rice quality was investigated during storage period. The temperature and humidity of storage bin were greatly changed but those of rice were a little do. The germination rate was slowly decreased as the storage period is long. The content of moisture was affected by a room temperature, it was increased at stored rice in rainy season(10-Jul~20-Jul). As storage period is long, the content of amylose, fatty acidity were a just Little changed but did not showed a constant tendency to it. The content of protein was increased and mechanic palatability value was decreased during storage period. The chromaticity of milled rice showed a range of lightness(L); 75.15~71.75, redness(a); 0.21~0.91, yellowness(b); 16.78~19.28 during storage period.
권영숙,이주영 한국의류산업학회 2004 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.6 No.5
The purpose of this study is to investigate the historical background and basic composition of costume of the Baekje period. Main official hats of Baekje include the transformed hat, jougwan and daeryun-style ipsikgwan. Daeryun-style ipsikgwan employed chowha shape in most cases, symbolizing good auspice under the harmony of the male and female principles. Main types of costume of the Baekje period are po, yu, go and sang. The king, governmental officials and the common people all put on po of jikryeong gyoim style. Yu' is classified into two styles, chaksu with the narrow sleeve and daesu with the broad one. 'Go' has two styles, gunggo and gwango. The former is narrow in the breadth of the trouser and the latter wide. 'Sang' is classified into various style according to whether it contains stripes of many colors, thin wrinkles or thick wrinkles. For the decoration of official hat used in the period of the Three Kingdoms, Baekje employed chowha in shape, Kokuryo, chowha and joik and Shilla, joik. In Baekje, rhythmic patterns of flame were applied to official hats, presenting brilliance. In Shilla, shaking geumyeongrak was used for official hats to show movement. In Kokuryo, such hats used flapping feathers, symbolizing dynamic power. Most necklaces and bracelets of the Baekje period were simple and plain.