사상전환기 지식인의 방황과 신념 모색, <남염부주지>

김수연 ( Soo Youn Kim ) 한국고소설학회 2012 古小說 硏究 Vol.33 No.-

김시습은 한국의 대표적 지식인이다. 그가 살았던 조선 초기는 다양한 교설(敎說)이 난무하며 팽팽하게 그 세(勢)를 겨루던 시대였다. 신라와 고려를 거치는 1,500년 이상, 사회의 보편이념으로 자리 잡았던 불교가 새 왕조의 압력에도 불구하고 아직은 건재함을 과시하였고, 13세기 말과 14세기에 신흥사대부의 약진과 더불어 새로운 사상으로 부각되고 마침내 새 왕조의 공식적 지지를 받은 유교 또한 그 위상을 공고히 하고 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 수천 년에 걸쳐 기층문화 속에 유전(流傳)해 온 민간도교의 힘도 무시할 수 없는 것이었다. 이렇듯 다양한 이념들이 다투어 서로의 입장을 옹호하는 가운데, 오히려 사회의 보편이념은 부재하게 되는 사상의 춘추전국시대가 된 것이다. 이러한 보편이념의 부재에 대한 자각이 지식인 김시습을 혼란에 빠뜨렸고 방황하게 하였다. 김시습의 <남염부주지>는 이념 간 갈등과 보편이념의 부재에 대해 문제를 제기한다. 이 소설은 난무하는 이념들의 주장과 갈등에 의해 사회적으로 소외된 지식인의 고뇌를 담고 있다. 수많은 종교와 학설이 소리 높여 자신의 입장을 내세우고, 모두가 나름의 논리로 사람들을 혹하게 하지만 그들 중 어느 하나도 개인에게 확고한 신념을 제공하지 못한다. 오히려 그들은 다른 입장과 갈등하고 상대를 타자화하는 과정에서 개인을 소외시킬 뿐이다. 이에 대해 김시습은 서로 다른 권역(圈域) 사이에 ``경계역``을 설정하고 ``유(遊)``의 방식으로 경계를 넘놀 것을 제안한다. 작가는 쟁론적 이념들의 영역, 그 어디에도 속하지 못하는 인물을 자신의 문학적 자아로 설정하고 그로 하여금 ``경계역``에서 ``넘놀며(遊)`` 독한 회의(懷疑)를 충분히 들어주고 답을 제시해주는 또 다른 자아를 만나게 한다. 지식인 스스로 신념의 부재와 나약한 실체를 정직하게 인정하고 나서야 비로소 바른 이념을 모색할 수 있는 대화가 가능해진 것이다. 신념도 없이 주류적 의론에 얹혀 제 목소리인양 큰 소리 내는 위선적 지식인이 판치는 세상을 향해 김시습은 ``소통을 통한 이념 모색`` 그 자체가 의미 있음을 말하고 있다. 그렇기에 박생의 죽음은 좌절이나 실패가 아니다. 그의 죽음은 정직한 사람만이 계승할 수 있다는 염왕의 지위를 잇는 것이며, 염왕의 선위는 그가 신념부재를 인정하고 회의에 대해 소통하려는 정직한 지식인임을 증명하기 때문이다. 믿고 따를 수 있는 보편이념은 부재하고, 난무하는 의론들과 갈등하는 이념들 사이에 개인이 소외되는 현상은 21세기 문명갈등과 무관하지 않다. 그렇기에, 김시습이 제안하는 전망은 현재의 우리, 특히 지식인이라 자처하는 이들에게 의미 있는 메시지가 될 것이다. Kim-Siseop is a Korean representative intellectual. The early period of the Joseon Dynasty he spent was an age various doctrines continued to swirl and competed for their power with well matched in strength. Buddhism, established as the universal ideology of the society for more than 1,500 years from Silla to Goryeo, was still maintaining its prosperity despite the pressure of the new dynasty. Confucianism, emerged as a new idea with advance of the newly-rising nobility in the end of the 13th and 14th centuries and supported officially by the new dynasty, also was making its position secure. In addition, the influence of folk Taoism which had spread into basic culture for thousands of years was the thing in no way negligible, A variety of ideas were safeguarding their own positions, however, it led to the Period of Spring & Autumn Warring States in ideas the universal ideology of the society was absent. Consciousness on such absence of the universal ideology made an intellectual Kim-Siseop fall into confusion and wander about. <Nam-Yumboozoo Zi> by Kim-Siseop raises a question about conflict among ideologies and absence of the universal ideology. This novel deals with anguish of an intellectual alienated socially by the voice and conflict of the swirling ideas. Many religions and doctrines strongly stand on their places and mislead people with their own logic, neither of them give an individual a firm belief. Rather, they conflict with each other and alienate individuals through the process of making someone otherness. So, Kim-Siseop sets a ``Borderline`` among different regions, and suggests ``strolling`` in the border. The author sets a character as a stranger who can`t belong to nowhere in the areas of the controversial ideas and makes him encounter alter ego who listens to his severe skepticism carefully and gives an answer while strolling in the ``Borderline``. When an intellectual himself recognizes the absence of faith and substance of weakness honestly, finally a dialogue is possible to grope for a right ideology. To the world ridden by hypocritical intellectuals who are talking big as if it were his real voice without a belief depending on mainstream arguments, Kim-Siseop tells us ``Groping for an ideology through communication`` itself is a meaningful one. So, the death of Park Saeng is neither frustration nor failure. Because his death succeeds to the status of the king of the underworld, which only honest man can inherit. The reason he can be the king of the underworld is that he is an honest intellectual to recognize absence of faith, trying to have mutual understanding about doubt. The phenomenon, a reliable universal idea is absent and individual is alienated in the swirling arguments and conflicting ideas, has something to do with the 21st century`s conflict of civilizations. Therefore, an outlook Kim-Siseop suggests will be a meaningful message for us where we are, especially for ones who look upon themselves as intellectuals.

Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

김기덕 영화에서 “동일시”의 윤리적 성격에 관한 고찰 -<파란 대문>의 분석을 중심으로-

김소연 ( Soh Youn Kim ) 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2010 현대영화연구 Vol.6 No.2

Kim, Ki-duk, who is a renowned filmmaker in the global art film market, has made 15 films since 1996. His corpus has been said that it can be divided into two groups on the basis of the ways he treats the violence and sensational subject-matters,which used to be a trademark of his films until Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter … And Spring. I especially focused on the fact that his films, nonetheless, have dealt with love stories and showed the astounding identification dialectic, eventually made by the desired one after having gone through some hardships given by the desiring one. Birdcage Inn is an early exemplary film in terms of this implausible psychoanalytical turn in the identification procedures. In order to analyze the film, I looked into the Lacanian terms of the imaginary identification with the mirror image and mother, that is the imaginary ego, the symbolic identification with father, that is the ego-ideal, and the identification with the symptom (sinthome) itself. In addition, I examined that the neighbor in the Freudian sense is “those faceless monsters” with the impossible inter-subjectivity. According to the above theory, I analyzed the identification procedures in Birdcage Inn. To make a long story short, I could conclude that Hemi, the college student`s identification with Jina, the prostitute in that inn, followed the identification trajectory of Oedipus complex and ends up inthe identification with Jina as the Real or the extimate sinthome of hers. Nevertheless, it can be said that this film still did not make sure the fourth knot in Borromean knots and thus was about to fall into a cul-de-sac of perversion. Perhaps, the seemingly soft feeling of the late works might be considered as Kim`s attempt to get closer to `the symbolic nomination` after having through the harsh criticisms on his perversive attitude.

한국인의 연, 망간, 알루미늄 및 실리콘의 혈중 농도

김정만,안정모,김원술,김정일,신해림,정갑열,김준연 동아대학교 산업의학연구소 2000 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.5

Blood Lead, Manganese, Aluminium and Silicon Concentrations in Korean Adults Jung Man Kim, Jung Mo Ahn, Won Sul Kim1), Jung Il Kim2), Hai Rim Shin, Kap Yeol Jung2), Joon Youn Kim Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and Industrial Medicine Research Institute. Dong-A University Department of Health Care, Handong University Sunlin Presbyterian Hotpital1) Department of Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University2) 0bjectives : This study was performed to determine the reference values of blood lead, manganese, aluminium, and silicon in healthy adults. Methods : The subjects were 132 (67 male and 65 female), and classified to three age groups (≤39,40∼49, and 50≤). Hood lead, manganese and aluminium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and blood silicon was analyzed by direct current plasma optical omission spectrometer. Results : Blood lead levels(geometric mean, S.D) were (3.49, 1.70) ㎍/dL in male auld (3.04, 1.65) ㎍/dL in female, but the difference is not significant, and there was no significant difference between age groups. Mean blood manganese level was 0.99±0.41㎍/dL, and there was no significant difference between sex or age groups. Mean blood aluminium level was 0.59±0.35㎍/dL and there was no significant difference between sex or age groups. Mean blood silicon level was 54.41±27.64㎍/dL in male and 43.34±23.51㎍/dL in female, and the level in male was significantly higher than that in female (p〈0.05). There was significant difference between age groups, and the oldest showed the highest level in male (p〈0.05), but no significant difference between age groups in female. Conclusions : Authors hope that this study would provide basic data for determininig reference values and evaluating health effects.

Genetic associations of body composition, flexibility and injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas

( Jun Ho Kim ),( Eun Sun Jung ),( Chul Hyun Kim ),( Hyeon Youn ),( Hwa Rye Kim ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Jun Ho Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Chul-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Youn and Hwa Rye Kim. Genetic associations of body composition, flexibilityand injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.205-214, 2014[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to exam the association of body composition, flexibility, and injury risk to genetic polymorphismsincluding ACEID, ACTN3RX, and COL5A1polymorphisms in ballet dancers in Korea. [Methods]For the purpose of this study,elite ballerinas (n = 97) and normal female adults (n = 203) aged 18 to 39 were recruited and these participants were tested forbody weight, height, body fat, fat free mass, flexibility, injury risks on the joints and gene polymorphisms (ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1polymorphism). [Results]As results, the ACEDD genotype in ballerinas was associated with higher body fat and percentageof body fat than the ACEII and ID genotypes (p< 0.05). In the study on the ACTN3polymorphism and ballerinas, the XXgenotype in ballerinas had lower body weight and lower fat-free mass than the RR and RX genotype (p < 0.005). Also, the meansof sit and reach test for flexibility was lower in the ACTN3XX genotype of ballerinas than the RR and RX genotype of ballerinas(p< 0.05). Among the sports injuries, the ankle injury of the XX-genotyped ballerinas was in significantly more prevalence thanthe RR and XX-genotyped ballerinas (p< 0.05). According to the odd ratio analysis, XX-genotyped ballerinas have the injuryrisk on the ankle about 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6~13.4, p< 0.05) times more than the RR and RX-genotyped ballerinas. Meanwhile, theCOL5A1polymorphism in ballerinas has no association with any factors including flexibility and injury risks. [Conclusion]Inconclusion, ACEpolymorphism and ACTN3polymorphism were associated with ballerinas` performance capacity; COL5A1wasnot associated with any factors of performance of Ballerinas. The results suggested that the ACEDD genotype is associated withhigh body fat, the ACTN3XX genotype is associated with low fat-free mass, low flexibility, and higher risk of ankle-joint injury. [Keyword]ballet, flexibility, body composition, injury risk, ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1

Promotional Strategies of Local Drugstores

Kim,Seung-Mi,Lee,Sang-Yoon,Kim,Pan-Jin,Kim,Nam-Myun,Youn,Myoung-Kil 한국유통과학회 1999 유통과학연구 Vol.1 No.1

The retail business of drugstore was introduced to Korea for the first time 10 years ago. Since Olive Young introduced a retail store in the name of drugstore in 1999 for the first time in Korea, new distribution channel combining drugstore, cosmetic products and dairy products, etc has been made. At initial stage, the new distribution channel grew up slowly because of low specialty and economic stagnation. However, the three big distribution channels, that is to say, Olive Young (CJ), Watsons (GS) and W Store (Kolon Well Care), etc, were established to produce new distribution system following large-scaled discount stores as well as convenience stores. The purpose of the study is to investigate ways making Korean style drugstore be new retail business in addition to traditional markets, department stores, E-Mart and other general super markets and to examine problems preventing the drugstore from being promoted and to find out solutions. The speciality retailers that is called a category killer attacking department stores as well as marts is expanding market quickly. New consumption trend that gives priority to wellbeing is being expanded in accordance with high level of standards of living life: The drugstore is thought to be new alternative of distribution because it keeps special products. Young ladies who are main customers of drugstores respond to the trend sensitively to have more buying power that is thought to be promising. And, consumers' desire has become concrete and special. This is because consumers want not only convenient shopping but also special shopping system that is current trend. These days, so called Multi-shop and Total shop and other special shops have been recently opened. Special multi-shop has been concentrated on fashion product and miscellaneous goods so far: Health total wellbeing shop shall be popular in accordance with wellbeing trends. Drugstores can play an important role. Drugstores were opened for the first time ten years ago. In

한센사업에서의 재활사업에 대한 한센전문기관의 역할에 대한 분석

김종필,김연실,고영훈 대한나학회 2003 대한나학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Caffeine이 지구성 운동 수행능력에 미치는 영향과 억제성 아미노산에 의하여 활성화되는 이온통로의 조절작용

김은경,김영표,천병옥,이계영,김연정,임백빈,조영욱,김창주,김성수 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

To investigate the effect and mechanism of caffeine on endurance exercise, two experiments were performed. First, to test caffeine effect on aerobic exercise, 200-300g Sprague-Dawley rats were used and three groups, control group, low caffeine injection group and high caffeine injection group, were divided. Blood smpling by heart puncture were done at rest, after 30 min treadmill exercise, and after maximal exercise. Blood glucose, free fatty acid concentration were detected and following results were obtained. Glucose concentration showed significant difference between groups(p=0.0305) and also significant changes were exhibited between time(p=0.0004). Free fatty acid concentration had no difference between groups. but had significance between times(p=0.00065). Exercise endurance performance time showed significant difference(p=0.02350 in high caffeine injection group compared to control group. In this experiments, endurance exercise capacity was increased by caffeine injection. Therefore, second experiment was performed to investigate the effect of caffeine on ion current induced inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter. GABA and glycine. Single periaqueductal gray neuron was acutely dissociated and nystatin perforated patch clamp was performed under voltage clamping condition. Caffeine evoked outward current in PAG neuron dose dependent manner. 1mM of caffeine application had no response. but 3mM caffeine evoked about 32.5±8.539pA outward ion current and 10mM caffeine evoked about 215.46±19.4pA outward current. 10^-2mM GABA activated Cl￣current and recorded by inward current. Caffeine inhibited GABA activated Cl￣ current concentration dependent manner. 10^-2mM of caffeine had no effect on 1-^-2mM of GABA response. but 10^-1mM caffeine inhibited GABA activated Cl￣ current about 5.74±2.13%, 1mM caffeine inhibited about 17.25±2.70%, 10mM caffeine inhibited GABA response about 45.31±7.71%. 10^-1mM of glycine activated Cl￣ current and also recorded by inward current. Caffeine inhibited glycine activated Cl￣ current concentration dependent manner. 10^-2mM caffeine decreased glycine activated Cl￣ current about 4.61±1.650%, 10^-1mM caffeine decreased about 6.49±2.24%, 1mM caffeine decreased about 26.82±4.27%, and 10mM caffeine decreased glycine response about 94.47±1.39%. These results suggest that caffeine inhibite inhibitory amino acid, GABA and glycine, this response causes excitation of CNS and this seems to be the basic mechanism of increasing effect to aerobic exercise performance by caffeine.

Genetic Toxicity Test of Nanosilica by Comet assay and Mouse Lymphoma Assay

Youn?Jung Kim(김연정),Han Seam Choi(최한샘),Dong Ge Ra Mi Moon(문동그라미),Ji Hee Kim(김지희),Hye Gyeong Jo(조혜경),Jae Chun Ryu(류재천) 환경독성보건학회 2007 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

스포츠 활동 참가가 대학생들의 심리적 변인에 미치는 영향

오윤선,김성희 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between Mental-Health and Body-Conscious ness in sports participation type of university students, The subjects of the study was selected by stratified duster random sampling method from the sports participation located in Seoul·Kyung-Ki area in university students. Among them, 400 students are contacted as samples to be studied. 29 of them are not reviewed because of untimely response and doubted sincerity of their answers. The author used questions from Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale: SES (10 Questions, 1965, translated, edited and standardized by Kim, gui-bong, Kim, young-soo, Kang, sung-gu, Park, joo-young, Kim, young-ho, 1999), Derogatis's The Brief Symptom Inventory: BSI (53 questions, 1977, translated, edited and standardised by Kim, Jae-Hwan & Kim, Kwang-IL, 1984), Kammann and Flett Affetometer-Ⅱ Questionnaire (40 Questions, 1983, translated, edited and standardized by Hong, gil-dong, 1995), Miler, Murphy, & Buss's Body-Conscious ness Questionnaire (15 Questions, 1981, translated, edited and standardized by Kang, Myung-Ok, 1999), and Walls ton, Wallston and DeVellis Multidimensional health Locus of Control Scale (18 Questions, 1978) to analyze the sample with statistical calculations including mean, standard deviation, reliability analysis, t-test for the study. The study conclusions from this study summarized as follow: First, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the Self-Esteem, Second, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the Mental Health, Third, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the Life-Satisfaction, Forth, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the Body-Consciousness. Fifth, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the health Locus of Control.