전기 방열기가 국화재배온실의 난방에 미치는 영향

서원명 ( Won Myung Suh ),임재운 ( Jae Woon Leem ),김영주 ( Young Ju Kim ),민영봉 ( Young Bong Min ),김현태 ( Hyeon Tae Kim ),허무룡 ( Moo Ryong Huh ),윤용철 ( Yong Cheol Yoon ) 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 경상대학교 농업자원이용연구소) 2010 농업생명과학연구 Vol.44 No.4

경상대학교 교내에 설치되어 있는 1-2W형 온실을 대상으로 전기 방열기를 이용하여 국화 재배온실의 난방효과를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험기간동안 최고, 평균 및 최저 외기온은 각각 -3.8~21.3℃, -5.2~16.1℃ 및 -12.5~14.4℃ 정도의 범위로 나타났으며, 온실 내외의 평균상대습도 각각 43.5~98.6% 및 35.2~100%로 나타났다. 12월 중순부터 2월 상순까지 최저 외기온은 대략 -5.0~-10.0℃ 전후로 나타나 진주기상대의 최근 자료와 비교하면 상대적으로 최저기온이 낮게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 야간의 경우, 방열기 직하부의 엽온이 방열기 중간 지점에서 측정한 엽온 보다 크게 2~3℃정도 높게 나타나거나 또는 미미하지만 약간 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 근권부의 경우, 직하부나 중간 지점에서의 온도 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났고, 근권부의 최고온도와 기타 최고 온도의 발생 시점을 보면, 약 2시간정도의 지체현상이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 실험기간동안 난방에 소요된 총 소비전력량, 공급에너지 및 총 난방비는 각각 2,800kWh, 2,408,000kcal 및 112,000won 정도였다. 화석연료인 경유로 난방할 경우, 총 난방비는 224,500won 정도였다. 방열기를 이용하여 난방할 경우, 난방비를 약 50% 정도 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. An analysis in heating effects of an electric radiator located in a 1-2W type chrysanthemum (3 cultivars) cultivation greenhouse installed in Gyeongsang National University drew the following conclusions. During the experiment period, the highest, average, and the lowest outside temperatures were in the ranges of -3.8~21.3℃, -5.2~16.1℃ and -12.5~14.4℃, respectively, and the average relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouses were in the ranges of 43.5~98.6% and 35.2~100%, respectively. From mid-December to early February, the lowest outside temperature was recorded as approximately -5.0~-10.0℃, which showed that it tended to be relatively lower than the temperatures recorded at the Jinju Meteorological Observatory. During the night, the leaf temperature measured directly under the radiator tended to be higher by 2~3℃ than that those at the middle point of the radiator, or higher by anegligible amount. In the case of root zone temperature, it was found that there was almost no difference between temperatures of the part directly under and the middle point, and the time when the highest temperature of root zone and other highest temperatures took place showed that there was about a 2-hour delay phenomenon. The total electricity consumption, energy supply and total heating cost during the experiment period were 2,800 kWh, 2,408,000 kcal and 112,000 won, respectively. When diesel, a kind of fossil fuel, was used as heating oil, the total heating cost was around 224,500 won. It was estimated that the total heating cost could be reduced by around 50% if a radiator was used.

소아 알레르기비염의 경제적 부담 평가를 위한 다기관 조사

공도연 ( Do Youn Kong ),김경원 ( Kyung Won Kim ),김우경 ( Woo Kyung Kim ),민택기 ( Taek Ki Min ),박용민 ( Yong Mean Park ),안재억 ( Jae Ouk Ahn ),양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ),염혜영 ( Hye Yung Yum ),윤혜선 ( Hae Sun Yoon ),전유훈 ( 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 2012 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.22 No.2

목적: 알레르기비염의 유병률은 전 세계적으로 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 그에 따른 경제적 부담도 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 소아 알레르기 질환이 미치는 경제적 부담에 관한 국내 연구는 제한적이어서 소아 알레르기비염이 환자와 그 가족에게 미치는 경제적 부담을 산출하고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 방법: 2008년 7월 1일부터 9월 31일까지 서울시 6개 2-3차 의료기관을 방문한 18세 이하 소아 알레르기비염 환자 및 보호자를 대상으로 설문 조사를 진행하였다. 설문을 통해 직접 의료비 (병·의원 진료비, 및 약제비 한방 진료비 및 약제비, 보완/대체요법비), 직접비의료비 (교통비, 환경개선비), 그리고 간접비용 (월 평균 노동 손실)을 조사하였고 그 결과를 질환의 중증도 및 유병 기간에 따라 분석하여 그 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 모집된 262명의 대상 중 174명(66.4%)이 남자였고, 평균 연령은 6.54세였다. 대상군의 연간 평균 직접 의료비는 177만 원이었고 직접비 의료비는 57만 원이었다. 비록 통계학적 유의성은 없었지만, 알레르기비염의 중증도가 증가할수록 직접 의료비가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, (P=0.053) 유병 기간 또한 직접 의료비의 증가와 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보였다. (R=0.195, P=0.002) 대상 환자 보호자의 약 17%가 아이의 알레르기비염으로 인해 직장에 결근 또는 조퇴를 경험한 것으로 조사되어 사회적 간접비용을 미루어 생각할 수 있었다. 결론: 알레르기비염이 미치는 경제적 부담은 질환의 중증도가 심할수록, 그리고 유병 기간이 길수록 증가하며, 이는 특히 한방 진료 및 치료비와 보완/대체요법비의 증가에 기인한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 알레르기비염으로 인한 경제적 부담을 줄이기 위해서는 환자와 보호자를 대상으로 근거 중심의 치료를 할 수 있도록 지속적이고 체계적인 교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is rapidly increasing and results in relatively high socio-economic burden on their family and community. However, studies on the economic burden of pediatric allergic rhinitis in Korea are limited. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of pediatric allergic rhinitis on economic burden. Methods: Two hundred sixty two children with allergic rhinitis were enrolled in 6 secondary or tertiary medical centers in Seoul from July to September, 2008. We collected data of the economic burden of allergic rhinitis (direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs) by face to face questionnaire survey. We compared the economic burden according to the severity and the duration of allergic rhinitis. Results: The mean age of subjects was 6.54 years, and male were 174 (66.4%). Direct medical costs (10,000 Korean Won/yr) were 177.75, and direct nonmedical costs were 57.92. Although, there was no statistical significance, direct medical costs showed increasing trends in severe allergic rhinitis. (P=0.053) In addition, direct medical costs were positively correlated with duration of allergic rhinitis.( R=0.195, P=0.002). About 17% of the parents who care the allergic rhinitis children experienced the work absence due to their child s illness. Conclusion: The economic burdens of allergic rhinitis were positively correlated with the severity and duration of illness. Particularly costs for alternative medicine including oriental medicine` were related with severity and duration allergic rhinitis. Therefore, special efforts for education with evidence based treatment strategy are necessary to decrease the economic burden of allergic rhinitis.

Productivity Loss of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients according to the Their Stages of the Disease Activity Score

( Sang-Cheol Bae ),( Jin-Hye Cha ),( Jung-Yoon Choe ),( Sung Jae Choi ),( Soo-Kyung Cho ),( Won-Tae Chung ),( Chung-Il Joung ),( Young-Ok Jung ),( Young Mo Kang ),( Dong-Wook Kim ),( Jinseok Kim ),( Y 대한류마티스학회 2018 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Objective. Productivity loss was compared by 3-stage of disease activity and associations between higher disease activity and high productivity loss were identified. Methods. Data were extracted from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Patient-reported Outcomes Research, which enrolled 2,000 RA patients (>20-year) on disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drugs (DMARDs) (≥ 6-month) from December 2012 to June 2013. This included 1,457 RA patients with the disease activity score (DAS-28-ESR) in their medical charts. Productivity loss in time and indirect cost was estimated using The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Baseline characteristics and productivity loss outcomes were compared according to DAS-28-ESR groups. Results. 84.4% were females, 54.2% had low DAS-28-ESR (<3.2), and 38.2% and 7.6% had moderate (3.2∼5.1) and high DAS-28-ESR (>5.1). Patients with moderate to high DAS-28-ESR had higher lost productivity time (LPT) and monthly costs of LPT than those with low DAS-28-ESR (time in hours: 110.0±58.4 vs. 132.4±57.2 vs. 71.5±52.0, p<0.0001; monthly costs of LPT in 1,000 Korean won: 1,097±607 vs. 1,302±554 vs. 741±531, p<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses revealed significant associations with high LPT in high (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18∼6.87) and moderate DAS-28-ESR (adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.41∼2.52) compared to low DAS-28-ESR. In addition, positive associations with high monthly costs of LPT were observed in high (adjusted OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.98∼5.99) and moderate DAS-28-ESR (adjusted OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.43∼2.54) compared to low DAS-28-ESR. Conclusion. Timely therapeutic strategies should be taken into consideration given that the RA patients with moderate to high DAS-28-ESR showed strong associations with high productivity loss for effective management of RA. (J Rheum Dis 2018;25:122-130)

Nanogenerators: Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 19/2010)

Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.19

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The cover shows an image of fully rollable transparent nanogenerators synthesized using chemical vapor deposition grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO nanorod arrays. Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Young Choi, and co-workers report on p. 2187 the electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators, with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling. This study shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are very promising for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content'> </P>

EDN1 Expression as a Novel Biomarker for Predicting Sorafenib Responsiveness in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Jae-kyung Won ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Chae Young Hwang ),( Joong-won Park ),( Won-mook Choi ),( Hyeki Cho ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Kyung Bun Lee ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Kyung-suk Suh ),( Ja-jun 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Predictive biomarkers for sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still not available, despite the modest benefit of sorafenib. We present a novel and sensitive biomarker that can predict the responsiveness to sorafenib. Methods: A candidate biomarker was found through differential mRNA expression analysis between sorafenib-sensitive and resistant cell lines from The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), a public data base. It was tested with in vitro shRNA experiments for its effect to sorafenib-resistance. Consecutive patients with HCC who had undergone sorafenib treatment were included from a prospective cohort and the test set (n=48) and the validation set (n=46) were established. Specimens were archived before sorafenib treatment and a candidate marker was evaluated by the quantitative digital analysis algorithm for immunohistochemistry with regard to their association with response assessment by mRECIST, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). Further, we performed additional validation study using serum samples before sorafenib treatment obtained from different set of HCC patients (n=40). Results: Endothelin-1 (EDN1, ET-1) was the only differentially expressed molecule between sorafenib-sensitive and resistant cell lines. Knock-down of EDN1 in HCC cell line increased sorafenib sensitivity. In test set, low EDN1 expression group showed significantly better response to sorafenib (non-progressive disease) compared to high EDN1 expression group (72.7% versus 2.7%, respectively; P<0.001). With the same criteria for the validation set, EDN1 expression maintained predictability for sorafenib responsiveness. Survival analysis showed that high EDN1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (hazard ratio [HR〕, 2.374; 95% confidence interval [CI〕, 1.051-5.360; P=0.037) and short TTP (HR, 1.907; 95% CI, 1.085-3.350; P=0.025) after sorafenib treatment. We confirmed our results in serum samples of another set. Conclusions: EDN1 expression can distinguish responders to sorafenib and can be a useful predictive biomarker for sorafenib in HCC.

Radiation Exposure from Abdominal Imaging Studies in Patients with Intestinal Behcet Disease

( Yoon Suk Jung ),( Dong Il Park ),( Chang Mo Moon ),( Soo Jung Park ),( Sung Pil Hong ),( Tae Il Kim ),( Won Ho Kim ),( Jae Hee Cheon ) 대한소화기학회 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.4

Background/Aims: Recently, several studies have revealed that diagnostic imaging can result in exposure to harmful levels of ionizing radiation in inflammatory bowel disease patients. However, the extent of radiation exposure in intestinal Behcet disease (BD) patients has not been documented. The aim of this study was to estimate the radiation exposure from abdominal imaging studies in intestinal BD patients. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of intestinal BD established between January 1990 and March 2012 were investigated at a single tertiary academic medical center. The cumulative effective dose (CED) was calculated retrospectively from standard tables and by counting the number of abdominal imaging studies performed. High exposure was defined as CED >50 mSv. Results: In total, 270 patients were included in the study. The mean CED was 41.3 mSv, and 28.1% of patients were exposed to high levels of radiation. Computed tomography (CT) accounted for 81.7% of the total effective dose. In multivariate analyses, predictors of high radiation exposure were azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine use, surgery, and hospitalization. Conclusions: Approximately a quarter of intestinal BD patients were exposed to harmful levels of diagnostic radiation, mainly from CT examination. Clinicians should reduce the number of unnecessary CT examinations and consider low-dose CT profiles or alternative modalities such as magnetic resonance enterography. (Gut Liver 2014;8:380-387)

Suppression of Inflammation by Recombinant <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Harboring <i>CCL22</i> MicroRNA

Yoon, Won Suck,Ryu, Seung Rel,Lee, Seung Seok,Chae, Yang Seok,Kim, Eun Jae,Choi, Ji Hyun,Oh, Sejin,Park, Se Ho,Choung, Ji Tae,Yoo, Young,Park, Yong Keun Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 2012 DNA and Cell Biology Vol. No.

Validation of Usefulness for Korean Paper and Pencil Test to Detect Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Korea

( Jae Yoon Jeong ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Eileen L. Yoon ),( Tae Yeob Kim ),( Do Seon Song ),( Sang Bong Ahn ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Myeong Jun Song ),( Sung Eun Kim ),( Hyoung Su Kim ),( S 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: We recently developed a new Korean paper and pencil test (KPPT) as a ‘copyleft’ test. The aim of this study is to validate the usefulness for a KPPT to detect minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in Korea. Methods: Two hundred twenty five patients with hepatitis B virus related cirrhosis without overt HE were prospectively enrolled in 13 centers for two years. All patients underwent psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES, gold standard), KPPT and Korean stroop test. MHE was defined as ≤ -5 points in PHES. And MHE in KPPT defined an impaired performance under - 1.5 standard deviations from the mean on more than 2 tests in short version (number connection test-A, number connection test-B, digit span test-forward, digit span test-backward and symbol digit modality test) and long version (short version + word list memory test and MCG complex figures test). Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.4 years with males predominant (67.1%). Prevalence of MHE was 20.9% in using PHES, 25.3% in using KPPT short version, and 41.3% in using KPPT long version. There was significant difference between patients with MHE and those without MHE in all tests that constitute KPPT (P<0.05). Also, all tests that constitute KPPT except copy value of MCG Complex Figures test showed a statistically significant difference between patients with MHE and those without MHE, according to OnTime+OffTime (word+inhibition) of Korean stroop test. In the diagnosis of MHE, the concordance between PHES and KPPT short version was 85.8% (sensitivity 76.6%, specificity 88.2%), and the concordance between PHES and KPPT long version was 73.3% (sensitivity 85.1%, specificity 70.2%). The area under the curve of total score of KPPT short version and long version were 0.809 (95% C.I 0.737-0.880, P<0.001) and 0.820 (95% C.I 0.755-0.884, P<0.001) in the diagnosis of MHE. Conclusions: KPPT have good correlation with conventional PHES to detect MHE in patients with cirrhosis. Also, the diagnostic performance of the KPPT short version is comparable to the diagnostic performance of the long version.

Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibition Synergistically Enhances the Efficacy of Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Jae-kyung Won ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Chae Young Hwang ),( Sung- Hwan Cho ),( Sang-min Park ),( Kwangsoo Kim ),( Won-mook Choi ),( Hyeki Cho ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Kyung Bun Lee ),( Yoon J 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Sorafenib is the only approved targeted drug for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its effect on patients’ survival gain is limited and varies over a wide range depending on patho-genetic conditions. Thus, enhancing the efficacy of sorafenib and finding a reliable predictive biomarker are crucial to achieve efficient control of HCCs. Methods: In this study, we employed a systems approach by combining transcriptome analysis of the mRNA changes in HCC cell lines in response to sorafenib with network analysis to investigate the action and resistance mechanism of sorafenib. Results: Gene list functional enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that proteotoxic stress and apoptosis modules are activated in the presence of sorafenib. Further analysis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress network model combined with in vitro experiments showed that introducing an additional stress by treating the orally active protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor (PACMA 31) can synergistically increase the efficacy of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo, which was confirmed using a mouse xenograft model. We also found that HCC patients with high PDI expression show resistance to sorafenib and poor clinical outcomes, compared to the low PDI expression group. Conclusions: These results suggest that PDI is a promising therapeutic target for enhancing the efficacy of sorafenib and can also be a biomarker for predicting sorafenib responsiveness.

New Paper Pencil Test for the Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis Patients in Korea

( Jae Yoon Jeong ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Daiseg Bai ),( Joo Hyun Sohn ),( Chang Hong Lee ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Korean association for the study of the liver and Working Party recommends that the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) requires at least two of the following tests: Number connection test-A (NCT-A), number connection test-B (NCT-B), block design test and digit symbol test. It also recommends the use of psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES). But, none of test can use in Korea because of the copyright and our own norm. The aim of this study was to make new paper pencil test to evaluate MHE in Korean population. Methods: New paper pencil test composed of NCT-A, NCT-B, digit span test and symbol digit modality test. The norm of new test was based on 147 healthy individuals between the ages of 20 and 70 years. Another 30 healthy subjects and 33 patients with liver cirrhosis were included as validation cohort. All participants of validation cohort were administered new paper pencil test, critical flicker frequency (CFF) and computer based Stroop test. New paper pencil test was available at www.hepaticencephalopathy.kr. Results: The age and education years of the healthy individuals for norm were 46.2 ± 13.1 years and 13.9 ± 3.0 years, with females predominant (55.1%). Each score of NCT-A, NCT-B, digit span test, and symbol digit modality test increased according to age. New paper pencil test for the control group was differed significantly from that of cirrhosis group (1.00 ± 1.68 vs -1.27 ± 3.17, p=0.001) and CFF for the control group was differed significantly from that of cirrhosis group (32.8 ± 3.2 vs 30.9 ± 4.0, p=0.047). But, Stroop test for the control group was not differed significantly from that of cirrhosis group. In an analysis of patients with cirrhosis, new paper pencil test (0.59 ± 1.59 vs -5.00 ± 1.94, p<0.001), CFF (31.8 ± 3.73 Hz vs 28.9 ± 3.94 Hz, p=0.013) and Stroop test (number of commission error, 131.9 ± 5.03 vs 124.1 ± 10.9, p=0.014) distinguished between patients without HEP and with HEP. Conclusions: The new Korean paper pencil test for the diagnosis of MHE was comparable with previous cognitive function test.