직업적 연폭로가 일부 신경행동학적 검사수행에 미치는 영향

안익수,안현철,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,최은,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to investigate that blood lead levels of lead exposed workers is associated with decreased performance in neurobehavioral tests in adults, we investigate 78 workers in a battery industry. Three items among neurobehavioral core test battery of World Health Organization, including digit span, Santa ana dexterity, digit symbol were administered to workers occupationally lead exposed workers by operational guide for the WHO neurobehavioral core test battery. Blood lead (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood (ZZP) were selected as an index of lead exposure. Detailed occupational history such as exposed agent, age, work duration, smoking and drinking habits, were recorded as confounding factors. After controlling age, the results of digit span and digit symbol among the neurobehavioral tests were significant contributed by PbB.

突山島, 今鰲島 및 華陽面(全南 麗川郡)住民의 肺吸蟲 感染率 및 中間宿主 調査報告

安泳謙,李奉鎬,韓相桓 최신의학사 1974 最新醫學 Vol.17 No.6

연작업자들에서의 δ -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase 유전형질의 다형성이 신기능에 미치는 영향

안익수,황보영,김용배,리갑수,이성수,장봉기,함정오,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 2001 순천향산업의학 Vol.7 No.1

δ-aminolevulinic acid hehydratase (ALAD) is a polymorphic enzyme that has two alleles, ALAD1 (ALAD1-1 as phenotype) and ALAD2 (ALAD1-2 or ALAD2-2 as phenotype). ALAD genotype has been reported to modify the toxicokinetics of lead. To investigate the influence of ALAD genotype polymorphism on renal function in lead workers, author studied 1022 male lead workers and 149 non lead workers in the same industries. For the cross-sectional renal function indices, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein were selected. Blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin were also measured as indices of lead exposure. Information on weight, age, job duration, smoking & drinking history were collected. Following results are as follows: 1. Whereas the mean (standard deviation) of blood lead and blood ZPP of lead workers were 27.2±12.5 ㎍/㎗ and 57.7±37.8 ㎍/㎗, those of non-lead workers in the same premises were 14.9±6.5 ㎍/㎗ and 44.6± 15.8 ㎍/㎗ respectively. The difference of mean blood lead and blood ZPP between two groups were statistically significant. 2. Whereas the prevalence of the variant allele, ALAD2 in 1022 lead workers was 10.2 %, the prevalence of that in 149 non-lead workers was 7.4 %. But there was no difference of prevalence between two groups. 3. The mean±standard deviation of blood lead of subjects with ALAD1 was 25.5± 12.7 ㎍/㎗ and was slightly lower than that of subjects with ALAD2 (26.5±10.9 ㎍/㎗), and the mean±standard deviation of blood ZPP of subjects with ALAD1 was slightly higher than that of subjects with ALAD2 (56.7±37.3 ㎍/㎗ vs 48.9±18.6 ㎍/㎗). But the differences of blood lead and blood ZPP between two genotypes were not statistically significant. 4. There were no differences of cross-sectional renal function indices (BUN, serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein) either by lead workers and non-lead workers or two genotypes. 5. In multiple regression analysis of ALAD genotype on BUN after controlling for possible confounders (sex, weight, job duration, smoking and drinking status), the mean of BUN in ALAD2 subjects was 0.629 ㎎/㎗ lower than ALAD1 subjects with a weak statistical significance (p=0.07). But in logistic analysis of ALAD genotype on median value of BUN revcaled that subjects of ALAD2 genotype were 32% less likely to have median value or more of BUN than subjects of ALAD1 with odd ratio of 0.618 (95% confidence interval 0.411-0.920). 6. In multiple regression analysis of ALAD genotype on serum creatinine after controlling for possible confounders (sex, weight, job duration, smoking and drinking status), the mean of serum creatinine in ALAD2 subjects was 0.0271 ㎎/㎗ lower than ALAD1 subjects with statistical significance (p=0.02). On the other hand, in logistic analysis of ALAD genotype on median value of serum creatinine revealed that subjects of ALAD2 genotype were 30% less likely to have median value or more of scrum creatinine than subjects of ALAD1 with odd ratio of 0.700 (95% confidence interval 0.442-1.080). With the above results, it was found that the variant allcle, ALAD2 appeared to modify the association of lead and renal function and ALAD2 genotype may be supportive for the protective effect of lead.

움직임 예측을 위한 비트패턴을 이용한 고속 워핑 예측

강봉구,윤태승,곽내정,안재형 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2002 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.10 No.2

본 논문에서는 비트패턴을 이용한 고속 워핑 예측을 제안한다. 워핑 예측은 이웃한 노드들의 움직임 벡터에서 움직임 정보를 가져오는 공간적인 의존성 때문에 최적의 움직임을 찾기 위해서는 반복적인 탐색을 요구한다. 반복적인 탐색에 의해 발생하는 연산량의 증가는 워핑 예측의 사용을 저해하는 큰 이유 중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 비트패턴을 이용해서 움직임 여부를 판단한다. 움직임이 없는 영역에서의 의미 없는 움직임 예측을 제거하고, 움직임이 있는 영역에서만 워핑 예측을 수행함으로써 빠른 움직임 예측이 가능하게 된다. 제안된 방법으로 실험한 결과 기존의 워핑 예측을 수행했을 때보다 성능은 근접하면서도 연산량이 75% 이상 감소하였다. In this paper, we propose a fast warping prediction using bit-pattern. Because of the spatial dependency between motion vectors of neighboring node points carrying motion information, the optimization of motion search requires an iterative process. The computational load stemming from the iterative search is one of the major obstacles for practical usage of warping prediction. The motion estimation in the proposed algorithm measures whether the motion content of the area is or not, using bit-pattern. Warping prediction using the motion content of the area make the procedure of motion estimation efficient by eliminating an unnecessary searching process. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce about 75% of iterative search while maintaining performance as close as the conventional warping prediction.

北韓山 森林群落의 植物社會學的 硏究

진희성,김광래,안봉원 경희대학교 부설 식량자원개발연구소 1982 硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The vertical distribution of the canopy trees in Mt. Bukhan was studied by quadrat method. In this mountain, there were distributed about 126 species of main trees and forest communities consist of Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum, Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus acutissima and so on. The change of forest communities according to the elevation of this mountain was not conspicious. As the elevation heightened of this mountain, the importance value and summed dominance ratio of Fraxinus rhynchophlla and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum increased, while those of Quercus variabilis lowered. Through all the area of this mountain, mean importance value of Quercus mongolica was high. There appeared difference type of vegetation between valley and ridge area but no directional recognize in the kind of plant species though very few species were limited in a limitted part, such as Celtis aurantica of the ridge area, and Quercus acutissima × variabilis of Jeongnung valley. In each study area, Pinus densiflora on the floor was abundant and the summed dominance ratio of Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus serrata and Quercus aliena were high to the elevation range for 250-350m. As the elevation hghtened, the mean of total base value of soil samples in study area was high but the mean of O,M. and available phosphate value of those did not show a fixed tendency. The relationship of the importance value of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and the mean of total base value of soil in study area showed a significant and positive correlation. The index of similarity of the forest communities to the valley and ridge area, and to the southeast and northwest side of Mt. Bukhan were 63.7, 67.7% respectively.

北漢山 森林群落의 植物社會學的 硏究

진희성,김광래,안봉원 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The vertical distribution of the canopy trees in Mt.Bukhan was studied by quedrat method. In this mountain, there were distributed about 126 species of main trees and forest communities consist of Quercus mongolica, pinus densiflora, Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum, Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus acutissima and so on. The change of forest communities according to the elevation of this mountain was not conspicious. As The elevation heightened of this mountain, the importance value and summed dominance ratio of Fraxinus rhynchophlla and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum increased, while those of Quercus variabilis lowered. Through all the area of this mountain, mean importance value of Quercus mongolica was high. There appeared difference type of vegetation between valley and ridge area but no directional recognize in the kind of plant species though very few species were limited in a limitted part, such as Celtis aurantica of the ridge area, and Quercus acutissima x variabilis of Jeongnung valley. In each study area, Pinus densiflora on the floor was abundant and the summed dominance ratio of Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus serrata and Quercus aliena were high to elevation range for 250-350m. As the elevation hghtened, the mean of total base value of soil samples in study area was high but the mean of O,M. and available phosphate value of those did not show a fixed tendency. The relationship of the importance value of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and the mean of total base value of soil in study area showed a significant and positive correlation. The index of similarity of the forest communities to the valley and ridge area, and to the southeast and northwest side of Mt.Bukhan were 63.7, 67.7% respectively.

사람 뇌척수액중 Transthyretin의 항산화작용

양성렬,최기오,박종근,류문희,홍석노,김수한,안봉환,이제혁,이민화 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.4

Protective effects of human cerebrospinal fluid antioxidants against enzyme inactivation caused by metal-catalyzed oxidation systems were investigated. When purified glutamine synthetase(GS) was incubated with human cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), the enzyme was progressively inactivated. Catalase and EDTA could inhibit the enzyme inactivation by 50-80%. Small-molecular(Mr< -10,000) fraction of CSF inactivated the exogenous GS, but large-molecular(Mr> -10,000) fraction did not. The GS inactivation by the small-molecular fraction was also markedly inhibited by catalase and EDTA. These results suggested that metal-catalyzed oxidation is involved in the GS inactivation by the small-molecular fraction of CSF. Dithiothreitol(DTT) was shown to inhibit almost completely the oxidative inactivation of GS by CSF. However, DTT inhibited only partially the oxidative inactivation of GS caused by small-molecular fraction of CSF. When large-molecular fraction of CSF was separated by anion-exchange HPLC chromatogrpahy, there was a peak of antioxidant activity inhibiting the small-molecular fraction-induced GS inactivation in the presence of DTT. The antioxidant activity was neutralized by monoclonal antibodies to transthyretin. Purified transthyretin was found to efficiently inhibit ascorbate/Cu^(2+)-induced GS inactivation in the presence of DTT. Uric acid and glucose did not show any protective effect on the GS inactivation in the same condition. The above results suggest that metal-catalyzed oxidation occurs normally in human CSF, and that transthyretin may play an important role as a CSF antioxidant in protecting proteins from metal-catalyzed oxidation.

공진 산란 실험 방법에 관한 연구

전상봉,정용화,안창회 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2003 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.31 No.2

Resonance Scattering Theory (RST) that was devised in the acoustic filed offers us an interpretation of the resonance phenomena in the scattered field. Experiments recently carried out in acoustic resonance signal that selective frequency that obtain by resonance scattering theory. Also the RST have been applied to the electromagnetic scattering problems. In this paper, we made an experiment on electromagnetic scattering with the RST.

태권도 경기중 발차기 기술의 공격유형 및 득점부위별 고찰

安容奎,李載鳳,趙誠曇 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1994 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.4 No.1

The following was concluded as a result of analysis based on taekwondo games(Total 56 games, 112 athletes) outstanding athletes of colleges parts participated in 1993. The purpose of this study is to examine the result of kicking techniques in the attack first and counter attack in each kicking techniques and the kicking on each body section. 1. The result of each kicking techniques. 1) The total frequency of kicking techniques was 3,478 times, Average frequency per game was 62.11 times in 56 games. And the frequency of kicking technique was as below : Front turning kick : 2,636 times. Back kick : 360 times Hook kick : 297 times Front whipping : 121 times Back whipping : 64 times In the frequency of each kicking techniques were more than other study. 2) The total point of each kicking techniques was 444, Average point per game was 7. 93. The point by each kicking technique was as below: Front turning kick :258 points Back kick : 360 times Hook kick: 61 points Front whipping: 13 points Back whipping: 6 points The results had twice(7.93 points) as much as other studies. 3) The scoring rate of each kicking techniques. The scoring rate of all the kicking technique was 12.76, the rate in each kicking technique was as below: Back kick:29.44 Hook kick:20.53 Frint whipping kick:1074 Front turning kick:9.78 Back whipping kick:9.37 The scoring rate in other studies showed highly in the Back kick, Hook kick, Front whipping kick but the scoring rate in this study showed highly in the Back kick Hook kick, Front whipping kick. 2. The result of the attack first in each kicking technique. 1) The frequency of the attack first in each kicking technique. total frequency of the attack first in each kicking technique was 1.905 times, the average frequency per game was 34.01 times and the everage frequency per game of each kicking technique was as below: Front turning kick: 28.88 times Hook kick:3.5 times Back kick:1.67 times front whipping kick:0.33 times Back whipping kick:0.21 times The frequency of the attack first(1.905 times) was 54.8% of frequency of all kicking technique. 2) The point gained by the attack first in each kicking technique. Total point gained by the attack first in each kicking technique was 188 points and points of each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:134 points (2) Hook kick: 42 points (3) Back kick: 10 points (4) Back whipping kick: 2 points The point of Front wipping kick was almost nothing. Average point per game of the attack first in all kicking techniques was 3.35 points. 3) The scoring rate of the attack first in each kicking technique The scoring tate of the attack first in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Hook kick:21.43 (2) Back whipping kick:16.67 (3) Back kick:10.46 (4) Front turning kick:8.45 Front turning kick was high in the frequency but the scoring rate was relatively low and the scoring rate of Hook kick and Back whipping kick was fairly high. Accordingly, we concluded that the difficult techniques got many point. 3. The result of the counter attack in each kicking technique. 1) The frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique. total frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique was 1,573 times, the average frequency per game was 28.08 times and frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:1.573 times (2) Back kick:266 times (3) Front whipping kick:102 times (4) Hook kick:101 times (5) Back whipping kick:52 times The frequency of the counter attack(1.573 times) was 45.2% of frequency of all kicking technique(3.478 times). 2) The point gained by the counter attack in each kicking technique. Total point gained by the counter attack in each kicking technique was 256 points and points of each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:124 points (2) Back kick:96 points (3) Hook kick:19 points (4) Front whipping kick:4 points The point of the counter attack showed by Front turning kick and Back kick. Average point per game of the counter attact of kicking technique was 4.57 points. 3) The scoring rate of the counter attack in each kicking technique The scoring tate of the counter attack in each kicking technique was as below; (1) Back kick:36.09 (2) Hook kick:18.81 (3) Front whipping kick: 12.75 (4) Front turning kick:11.79 (5) Back whipping:7.69 Only, the scoring rate of Hook kick in the counter attack was low, but the scoring rate of other kicking techniques in the counter attack showed fairly high. 4. Comoarative Analysis between the attack first and the counter attack The frequency of the attack first(1,905 times) in total kicking technique was more than that of counter attack(1,573 times) but the point of the attack first (188 points) was lower than that of the counter attack(256 points). Thus, the scoring rate of the counter attack(16.27) was higher than that of the attack first(9.87). The preceding study reported that all the kicking techniques were many used for counter attack but this study showed that Front turning kick and Hook kick were many used for the attack first, and that the players depended on the counter attack, for the counter attack was bettwe than the attack first in gaining points. 5. The result of kicking technique on each body section. The players can attack the face (high section) by all kicking techniques but the frequency of attacking the face was 731 times(21.02), that of attacking the body(middle section) was 2,747 times(78.98) of total frequency(3.478 times). Therefore, It showed that the players depended on body attack. The frequency of each kicking technique attacking the face(731 times) was as be-iow: (1) Hook kick: 196 times (2) Front turning kick:135 times (3) Front whipping kick:19 times (4) Back whipping kick:12 times (5) Back kick:7 times Total frequency of kicking technique attacking the body was 2,747 times, Front turning kick was 2,419 times and back was 328 times. Total point of all the games was 444 and the point gained by attacking the face was 110(24.77 of 100), the body was 334 (75.23 of 100) Total point gainde by attacking the face(110 points) in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Hook kick:61 points (2) Front turning kick:24 points (3) Front whipping kick:13 points (4) Back kick:6 points (5) Back whipping kick:6 points The point gained by attacking the body(middle section) was as Front turning kick:234 points, Back kick:100 points. Consequently, we concluded that attacking the body was the most effective in gaining points.

연작업자들에서 혈중 및 골중 연량과 조혈기능 지표 사이의 관련성에 ALAD 다형질성이 미치는 영향

김화성,이성수,김용배,황보영,리갑수,안규동,장봉기,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

목 적 : 혈중 연량 및 골중 연량과 조혈기능의 생화학적 지표사이의 관련성에 f-aminolevinicacid dehydratase 효소의 유전형질의 다형질성이 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 연작업자 450명을 연폭로군으로 연폭로가 없는 85명을 대조군으로 선정하였다. 방 법 : 조혈기능의 생화학적 지표로는 혈중ZPP, 요중 ALA, 혈색소 및 혈구용적치를 택하였고, 이들 상호관계에 영향을 줄 수 있는 교란변수로서 성, 연령, BMI, 흡연습관, 음주습관 및 연작업자들의 경우 연폭로 기간을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 동형유전형질인 ALADI을 가진 연작업자들은 407명으로 전체의 90.4 %이었으며, 대조군에서도 77명으로 전체의 90.6 %로서 양군간에 차이가 없었다.동형 유전형질을 가진 연작업자들보다 이형 유전형질을 가진 연작업자들의 골중 연량과 혈중 ZPP의 평균값이 적었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고 나머지 연구변수들의 평균도 유전형질의 구분에 따른차이는 없었다. 성, 직력, BMI, 흡연여부, 음주여부 등의 흔란변수를 통제한 후 혈중 연량 및 골중 연량과 ALAD유전형질이 혈색소에 미치는 영향을 구한 바 혈중 연량과 골중 연량만이 혈색소에 유의한 영향을 주었을뿐 ALAD 유전형질은 유의한 영향이 없었다. 반면에 혈구용적치의 경우에는 혈중 연량과 골중 연량 그리고 유전형질 모두가 유의한 영향을 주지 못했다.요중 ALA를 종속변수로 하고 관련 혼란변수를 통제한 후 혈중 연량과 ALAD 유전형질 그리고 양자의 교호작용을 독립변수로 한 회귀분석들에서 혈중 연량 및 골중 연량과 ALAD 유전형질 모두가 주효과(main effect) 및 교호작용(effect modifies-tion)이 유의하석 이형 ALAD 유전형질을 가진 연작업자들의 ALAU가 동형의 유전형질을 가진 연작업자들보다 상대적으로 낮은 값을 나타냈다.혈중 ZPP를 종속변수로 하고 관련 혼란변수를 통제한 후 혈중 연량과 ALAD 유전형질 그리고 양자의 교호작용을 독립변수로 한 회귀분석들에서 혈중연량 및 골중 연량과 ALAD 유전형질 모두가 음의주효과(maln effect)가 나타나서 이형 유전형질의 연작업자들의 혈중 ZPP가 동형 유전형질의 연작업자보다 상대적으로 적은 값을 나타냈으나 교호작용(effect modification)은 없었다. 결 론 : 상기 결과로 미루어 ALAD 유전형질은 혈색소에는 유의한 영향을 주지 못했으나 ALAU 및 혈중 ZPP에는 유의한 영향을 주어 동형의 유전형질인 연작업자보다 이형의 유전형질 연작업자들이 상대적으로 낮은 ALAU와 혈중 ZPP값을 보여주어이형유전형질이 연에 보호효과가 있다는 가설을 돼받침하였다 Objectives : To evaluate the effect of ALAD polymorphism on the relationship of blood and bone lead with hematologic biomarkers in lead exposed workers, 450 lead exposed workers and 85 non-lead exposed workers were selected. Methods : Blood lead and tibia bone lead were selected as parameters of lead exposure and blood ZPP, urinary ALA (ALAU) , hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were chosen as parameters of hematologic effect of lead exposure. Genotype of each subject was assayed and expressed as ALADI and ALAD2. Demographic information such as sex, age and personal habit of smoking and drinking were collected. Job duration of lead exposed workers was also obtained. Results : The overall prevalence of the variant allele, ALAD2 in lead exposed workers was 9.6 %(43 out of 450 lead workers) which was not differed from control workers (9.4 % : 8 out of 85) . The means of tibial lead and blond ZPP in lead workers with ALAD2 were lower than those of lead workers with ALAD1, but the differences were not statistically significant. After adjusting for possible confounders (sex, job duration, BMI, drinking and smoking status) only blood lead and bone lead contributed negatively to the level of hemoglobin with statistical significance without any contribution of ALAD genotype. On the other hand, no significant effect of blood lead, bone lead and ALAD genotype were observed on the level of hematocrit after controlling possible confounder. ALAD genotype in the multiple regression analysis of blood lead fed bone lead with log transformed urinary ALA (LogALAU) after adjusting for possible confounders showed significant main and interaction effect on LogALAU simultaneously, which resulted lower LogALAU in lead exposed workers of ALAD2 than ALAD1. It was also observed only main effect of ALAD gene type on blood ZPP after adjusting possible confounder resulting lower ZPP in lead workers of ALAD2 than ALAD1. Conclusions : With above results, it was found that ALAD polymorphism did not affect on the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit, but ALAD polymorphism made significant effect on the association of blood and bone lead with urinary ALA and blood ZPP. The lower urinary ALA and blood ZPP in ALAD2 lead workers suggested that ALAD2 genotype may be supportive for the protective effect of lead.