남북 화해 시대에 있어서 인문학의 역할과 과제 : 역사학과 역사 교육을 중심으로

신용철 경희대학교 인문학연구소 2000 인문학연구 Vol.4 No.-

After the World War Ⅱ in 1945, the world was divided into two according to the ideology and politics. Germany in West Europe and Korea in East Asia represented 'the Divided Nations in the Parted World'. However, Germany was united in 1990, and the country is in the process of the integration of its history, now. Though the political unification of divided nations is not an easy project, it is even more difficult to achieve the cultural, conscious, historical integration; nevertheless, Germany has been accomplishing the difficult task successfully. Since Korea was divided in 1945, the relation between South Korea and North Korea was worsened because of the Korean war which lasted for three years from 1950. South Korea and North Korea hated each other for fifty-five years, considering the other as an enemy, and the separated people could not even meet together. It was not until in the year of 2000, when the president Kim, Dae-Jung visited Pyoung-Yang for the Summit Conference of South Korea and North Korea, that the first step of reconciliation took place. We should prepare for the political unification and cultural integration from now on, and histography and history education is significant for the cultural integration. Therefore, we have to study the history educations in South Korea and North Korea, and compare the differences. For the mutual understanding of the history, we should be concerned for some points as follow. First, we should understand the Marxian division of periods in the North Korean history education. Secondly, in ancient history, North Korea sets a high value on Tan-goon, the founder of the nation, and Koguryo, which was a powerful kingdom, claiming that North Korea succeeded Koguryo. Third, North Korea emphasized Marxism in the first stage of the foundation of the country; however, it commends highly the Jucheology, recently, and worships the political leaders as Kim, Il-Sung and Kim, Jung-il as if they are gods. Fourth, North Korea emphasizes that history is made by the people in working class. Lastly, the spiritual culture in our history, as Confucianism, Buddhism, is considered Idealism, so it is denounced. We should find the possible common features, as comparing North Korean history with ours. In cultural assets, in customs, in music, in dances, in recreation and sports, we will be able to find the same qualities, and the both Koreans have to confirm and develop the qualities. We should pursue the regional integration, and the cultural community. Also, the history education which understands, accepts, interchanges with each other should be reinforced.

경북 안동지역 佛塔의 편년과 특징

신용철 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2009 한국민족문화 Vol.34 No.-

安東佛塔은 수량에 있어 古都 慶州를 제외하면 전국에서 가장 많은 양이 남아 있으며 형식에 있어서도 한국탑파의 전시장을 연상할 만큼 다양하다. 본 연구에서는 안동불탑의 현황과 편년 등을 검토하여 안동탑만이 갖는 특징에 대하여 살펴보았다. 현재 안동불탑은 9세기 이후 건립되어 10세기에 집중되는 양상을 보여 준다. 탑형별 특징을 살펴보면 전탑은 7층의 고층이 주류를 이루며, 벽돌에 있어서도 다른 지역 전탑과는 차별성을 띠고 있다. 조탑 위치에 있어 강변이나 넓은 들판을 내려다보는 경우가 많다. 특히 낙동강변에 위치했던 전탑은 기단부, 혹은 1층 탑신을 화강암으로 처리하여 특이성을 띠고 있는데, 이는 강변의 습기에 탑을 보호하려는 의도였을 가능성이 있다. 지금까지 연구에서는 전탑 지붕부분에 기와의 존재를 부정하였으나 문헌의 예와 조선시대에 수리되면서 기와를 올린 점 등을 고려하면 애초부터 기와가 있었을 가능성이 높다. 한편 문헌상으로만 존재하던 “一直三塔”이 최근 발굴결과로 확인된 점은 『永嘉誌』가 문헌상 갖는 정확성을 입증해주는 동시에 三塔에 대한 새로운 도상해석이 필요하게 되었다. 석탑은 소형 삼층이면서 표면장식, 즉 浮彫像을 배제한 탑들이 많다. 동시에 하층기단을 생략한 단층석탑이 많지만 기단을 높게 하여 상승감을 강조하려는 의식을 드러내고 있다. 안동석탑의 특이점은 1층 탑신에 門扉를 배치한 석탑이 많다는 점과 다른 지역에서는 그 유례를 찾기 어려운 2층 이상의 탑신에 柱間을 형성한 탑들이 존재한다는 것이다. 이처럼 안동석탑의 변화에 있어 단층기단석탑, 모전석탑의 유행과 발전은 경주에서 시작되어 안동 등 경북을 넘어 충북지역에 이르는 다양한 석탑문화 확산의 연결고리 역할을 한 점에서 중요시 된다. Andong(安東) offers the largest number of extant pagodas after Gyeongju in Korea, along with diverse types of pagodas. In this study, the status and chronicles of pagodas in Andong were examined, thus defining their unique characteristics. The construction of Buddhist pagodas in Andong began after the 9th century, and peaked in the 10th century, the early time of Goryeo Dynasty. This is attributable to Andong's particular situations, with the founding of Goryeo Dynasty. By the type of pagodas, brick pagodas in Andong are seven-storied in large numbers, differentiating their bricks from bricks in brick pagodas in other regions. Many pagodas are located on areas overlooking a riverside or plains. Notably, in the case of brick pagodas, which are located by the Nakdong riverside, their stylobates or first-floor pagoda bodies are made from granite, making them particular; this is thought to have protected the pagodas against river flooding and humidity. Existing researches denied the existence of tiles in rooftops of brick pagodas; however, in consideration of examples described in literature and the placement of tiles on rooftops during repair in the Joseon Dynasty period, tiles are believed to have existed from the beginning. In the meantime, the existence of Iljik three pagodas(一直三塔) whose existence was mentioned in literature, have recently been unearthed, proving the Yeonggaji(永嘉誌) Local Lifestyle Record to be accurate, and indicating the need to interpret the three-pagodas type afresh. Many stone pagodas are three-storied, and are not decorated on the surface. Also, many stone pagodas are one-storied without a stylobate, but have their base located on an elevated area in a bid to stress a sense of rising. Many stone pagodas in Andong have a gate installed at the first-floor pagoda body. They also have columns erected on the second-floor tower body. Single-floor stylobate pagodas and brick-shaped pagodas, which began in Gyeongju, became popular in the Andong areas, and then flowed into the Chungbuk region. In this development did Andong pagodas play a great role.

쇼트피닝 가공 최적조건 탐색을 위한 실험적 연구

신용승,김태형,윤종학,노승남,이철구 서울産業大學校 2002 논문집 Vol.53 No.1

The shot peening process is most often used to improve fatigue properties of metal parts. In order to achieve optimum, repeatable and reliable fatigue enhancement from the shot peening process, the important shot peening parameters must be controlled. In this paper, the optimum shot peening condition is investigated. Rotary bending fatigue test was accomplished to investigate the effects of shot peening on the fatigue strength. Experimental results show that the fatigue strength was tremendously increased by optimum peening.

인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Endothelin-1농도의 변화

신양수,조희충,김원식,국기용,김용화,정종훈,문철웅,배학연,양성훈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.2

Endothelin(ET) is a 21-residue peptide originally isolated from the cultured porcine endothelial cells. There are at least three genes for endothelin:endothelin-1(ET-1), endothelin-2(ET-2), and endothelin-3(ET-3). Endothelins are present in various human biological fluids including plasma, urine, breast milk, and saliva and have been found elevated plasma ET concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus, Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure, patients with acute myocardial infarction, and patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Endothelial cell damage is suspected to occur in diabetic patients and may be one important cause of angiopathy, a major complication in diabetes mellitus. The elevation of ET in diabetic patients may be a marker of, and further exacerbate, their vascular disease. We measured the levels of ET-1 in plasma of 50 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) and 25 normal subjects by radioimmunoassay. The plasma ET-1 concentration (mean±S.D.) in NIDDM was 6.461 A2.510 f㏖/ ㎖, and was significantly higher than in normal subjects (4.567±1.155f㏖/㎖) (P<0.05). The plasma ET-1 concentration (mean±S.D.) in diabetic retinopathy group( 7.15±2.454 f㏖/ml) was significantly elevated than those in otherwise uncomplicated groups (5.348±2.390 f㏖/㎖)(P<0.01). The correlation between any clinical parameters and plasma ET-1 levels in NIDDM was not significant, In conclusion, this study suggest that the elevated levels of ET-1 in diabetic patients may be play a important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.

美國 OHIO地方의 都市造景配置에 관한 硏究 : Ohio Columbus市의 Three nationwide plaza를 中心으로

申永澈,催容福,朴永達 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1996 農業科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

To investigate garden style of Ohio districts, Three nationwide plaza located in Columbus city was chosen to survey the environmental landscape and planting arrangement and studied with special reference to the function of the plant in site. 1. The design principles are chosen order, unity, rhythm in planting arrangement. 2. Dominant tree species planted in the garden are Juniperus globosa, Pinus thunberigii, Malus floribunda, Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis, Contoneaster, Rose spp., Acer saccharum etc. 3. Dominant herbaceous plant species in the garden are Hedera spp., Hosta spp., Iris sibirica, Hemerocallis hybride etc. 4. Throughout the present studies it is suggested that housing garden of Columbus city is chosen Malus floribunda, Hemerocallis hybrida, Hosta spp. etc.

독일의 통일과 교육의 통합 : 교육을 통한 한국 통일방향의 모색

신용철 경희대학교 아태지역연구원 1994 아태연구 Vol.1 No.-

There are many important aspects to consider in order on get devided countries together. Education is one of the aspects and this is proved by the example of the German reunification. This paper focuses on the research of the process of educational integration after the German reunification The former east German had to change many of their goals, ideolgy and contents in education, Their teacher had to be reeducated too. The German example holds much advice for Korea, which has the same situation as Germany.

美國 OHIO地方의 都市 室內造景에 관한 연구 : Ohio Columbus市의 Three nationwide plaza를 中心으로

申永澈,申惠眞,朴永達,崔容福 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1996 農業科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate interior garden of atrium of Three Nationwith Plaza in Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Interior garden was considered as living room for working people in the plaza building. 2. Schefflera, Rhapis, Phoenix were dominated in atrium interior space. 3. Spathiphyllum Strelizia in atrium interior space were utilized as lower class of plants. 4.Hosta spp. in atrium interior space were utilized as ground cover. 5. Many indoor plants can be used as season- free, but some spaces only a season.

Ni-Ti 形狀記憶合金의 變態溫度와 回復擧動에 미치는 熱處理의 影響

申明徹,李龍鎬,金英宰 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.2

There are many problems to be solved for more wide practical applications of Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys. In this point of view, it was studied to observe the effects of heat-treatment on transformation temperature and recovery behavior of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy in the temperature range of 300℃ to 800℃. Two compositions of 54.9w/o Ni-Ti and 54.4 w/o Ni-Ti were studied in this research. To clarify the effects of heat-treatment on transformation temperature and recovery behavior of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy, Transmission Electron Microscope and Differential Thermal Analysis, Electrical Resistivity technique were employed. The results of this research were as follows: (1) Transformation temperature was decreased with lower annealing temperature below 600℃ and more amount of deformation prior to annealing. (2) In case of annealing above 600℃, transformation temperature depends on only composition and memory properties are not so good. (3) The best annealing temperature for memory properties proved to be around 400℃. (4) In this annealing temperature, the elastic which is lowest and residual deformation has not remained. (5) The width of the twin plate was decreased with increase of the heat treatment temperature.

일부지역 중·고등학생들의 흡연실태 조사연구

신옥순,남철현,김복용,최연희,박선희,박경옥,구재희 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2002 保健福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to examine aspects of middle and high school students' drinking and smoking with analysis of related factors. The subjects of this study was 540 students in Kyungbuk Province. Data were collected from July, 2002 to September, 2002. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. 43.6% of the boy students experienced smoking, while 12.2% of the girl students experienced it. 5.3% of the students at academy schools experienced smoking, while 44.7% of the students at vocational schools experienced it. 11.4% of the middle school students experienced smoking, while 33.9% of the high school students experienced it. 15.5% of them who lived in towns or villages experienced smoking and 38.3% of them who lived in small or medium sized cities experienced it.37.5% of the students who belonged to the lower economic class experienced smoking and 20.7% of the students who belonged to the upper economic class experienced it. 24.0% of the students who belonged to the middle economic class experienced it. It appears that the respondents showed significantly different smoking experience rates by gender, school types, grades, the number of family members, residences, and economic classes. 2. 14.5% of the respondents who lived with grandparents and parents experienced smoking and 26.5% of them who lived with parents experienced it. The smoking rate was significantly high in the groups of having one-parent, being unsatisfied with family life, making poor grades in studies, and having the father or the mother working as a salesperson. 3. 45.3% of the respondents who were unsatisfied with family life experienced smoking. The smoking rate of the respondents who were unsatisfied with it was significantly higher than that of the other groups. On the other hand, the smoking rates were not significantly different by daily life, schoolmate relation, health condition, and feeling stress. 4. According to smoking rate by frequency of drinking, 16.4% of the respondents who drank less than once a month smoked and 54.8% of them who drank more than twice a month smoked. The more frequently they drank, the higher their smoking rate was. Those who did exercise displayed significantly higher smoking rate than those who did not do exercise. Among the rates of the respondents' agonies, family disharmony was 50.5% and love problem was 39.2%. Economic condition preblem was 34.6%. It appeared that smoking was most influenced by the family disharmony. 5. The factors significantly influencing smoking experience were gender, school grade, schoolmate relation, score in studies, and exercise. From above results, it can be concluded that the students' smoking is a serious problems which can be resolved by simple approaches because it is interrelated complicatedly with gender, grade, family, school, etc. Schools, related organizations, and the government must closely work together to maximize the effectiveness of policy implementation concerning the smoking and drinking problem of the middle and high school students.

치과용 실험 레진에서 광 기시제와 중합억제제 함량이 광중합에 주는 영향

신현철,임범순,최재윤,이용근 大韓齒科器材學會 2004 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fraction of photo-initiator and inhibitor in the experimental resins on the degree of polymerization using a FT-IR and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Eight experimental dental resins, four different concentrations of photo-initiator (EXP-A, EXP-B, EXP-C, EXP-D) and four different concentrations of inhibitor (EXP-E, EXP-F, EXP-G, EXP-H), were tested. Storage modulus was measured by using DMA (StressTech Rheometer, Rheologica Instrument, Sweden) with fast oscillation mode (1 Hz). After disk-typed (4 ㎜×1 ㎜) samples were irradiated with Halogen light curing unit at 500 ㎽/㎠ for 30 sec, the storage modulus was recorded continuously for 60 min. The degree of conversion was also measured using the FT-IR spectroscopy (FTS-165, Biorad Win-IR, Perkin-Elmer, USA) at 1 hr and 24 hrs after irradiation with the same curing condition as DMA test. The average of results for five specimens was analyzed using Tukey multiple comparison test (p=0.05). From the results, the minimum concentration of photo-initiator was 0.35 wt.% and the maximum concentration of inhibitor was 0.15-0.20 wt.% to obtain the proper polymerization. To enhance the biocompatibility, the concentration of photo-initiator should be added to dental resins as low as possible. To prolong the shelf-life, the concentration of inhibitor should be added to dental resins as much as possible, but biocompatibility due to the inhibitor should be considered to determine the optimum concentration.