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Analysis of the Korean Orthopedic In-Training Examination: The Hip and Pelvis Section
( Yohan Cho ),( Joon Yub Kim ),( Jai Hyung Park ) 대한고관절학회 2016 Hip and Pelvis Vol.28 No.3
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the questions in the hip and pelvis section of the Korean Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (KOITE). Materials and Methods: We analyzed all KOITE questions pertaining to hip and pelvis surgery between 2010 and 2014. A thorough analysis of the contents was performed after categorizing as tested topics, imaging modalities used, taxonomic classification, and recommended references. We also analyzed the scores of the hip and pelvis section of the KOITE. Results: Seventy-five of five-hundred questions (weight, 15.0%) were related to the hip and pelvis. Trauma including fracture and dislocation (26/75, 34.7%) was asked more commonly than disease and basics. The description-only questions (65/75, 86.7%) were the most frequently asked. According to taxonomic classification, taxonomy 3 (decision; 39/75, 52.0%) was most frequently asked. Campbell’s Operative Orthopedics (52/75, 69.3%) was the reference that covered most of the questions. Conclusion: This analysis of the hip and pelvis section of KOITE could be used for resident training programs in teaching hospitals.
Yohan Lee,Hyun Joon Choi,Hyemi Kim,Sunghyun Kim,Mi Sun Kim,Hyejung Cha,Young Ju Eum,Hyosung Cho,Jeong Eun Park,Sei Hwan You 대한방사선종양학회 2023 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.41 No.3
Purpose: High-dose radiotherapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer requires careful consideration of target position changes and adjacent organs-at-risk (OARs), such as the rectum and bladder. Therefore, daily monitoring of target position and OAR changes is crucial in minimizing interfractional dosimetric uncertainties. For efficient monitoring of the internal condition of patients, we assessed the feasibility of an auto-segmentation of OARs on the daily acquired images, such as megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT), via a commercial artificial intelligence (AI)-based solution in this study. Materials and Methods: We collected MVCT images weekly during the entire course of RT for 100 prostate cancer patients treated with the helical TomoTherapy system. Based on the manually contoured body outline, the bladder including prostate area, and rectal balloon regions for the 100 MVCT images, we trained the commercially available fully convolutional (FC)-DenseNet model and tested its auto-contouring performance. Results: Based on the optimally determined hyperparameters, the FC-DenseNet model successfully auto-contoured all regions of interest showing high dice similarity coefficient (DSC) over 0.8 and a small mean surface distance (MSD) within 1.43 mm in reference to the manually contoured data. With this well-trained AI model, we have efficiently monitored the patient’s internal condition through six MVCT scans, analyzing DSC, MSD, centroid, and volume differences. Conclusion: We have verified the feasibility of utilizing a commercial AI-based model for auto-segmentation with low-quality daily MVCT images. In the future, we will establish a fast and accurate auto-segmentation and internal organ monitoring system for efficiently determining the time for adaptive replanning.
Yohan Yoon,Won Jun Cho,박진규,Jae-Nam Park,Beom-Seok Song,Jae-Hun Kim,Myung-Woo Byun,Cheon-Jei Kim,Arun K Sharma,Ju-Woon Lee 한국축산식품학회 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.5
This study examined the effect of gamma irradiation on shelf-life extension and sensory characteristics of dak-galbi. Commercial dak-galbi sauce was gamma-irradiated at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kGy. The dak-galbi sauce (200 g) was then added to diced chicken (800 g) for cooking, and the cooked dak-galbi samples in vacuum bags were stored at 35oC for 5 d. Dak-galbi samples were analyzed on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 for microbial analysis (plate count agar), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) measurements, and on d 0 for sensory evaluation. On d 0, total bacterial populations were below detection limit after dak-galbi marinated with the gamma-irradiated (≥15 kGy) sauces were cooked, and the samples marinated with higher dose irradiated dak-galbi sauce had lower (p<0.05) bacterial populations during storage. TBARS values of the dak-galbi samples marinated with non-irradiated sauce were not different (p≥0.05) with those marinated with irradiated sauces on d 0, and the TBARS values increased (p<0.05) during storage at 35oC, regardless of irradiation dose. In the VBN analysis, there was no difference (p≥0.05) in VBN values among irradiation doses on d 0, but VBN values decreased (p<0.05) as irradiation dose increased during storage. Moreover, there were no significant differences (p≥0.05) in sensory characteristics among irradiation doses. These results indicate that use of gamma irradiation on dak-galbi sauce may be useful in shelf-life extension without compromising the sensory characteristics of dak-galbi. This study examined the effect of gamma irradiation on shelf-life extension and sensory characteristics of dak-galbi. Commercial dak-galbi sauce was gamma-irradiated at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kGy. The dak-galbi sauce (200 g) was then added to diced chicken (800 g) for cooking, and the cooked dak-galbi samples in vacuum bags were stored at 35oC for 5 d. Dak-galbi samples were analyzed on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 for microbial analysis (plate count agar), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) measurements, and on d 0 for sensory evaluation. On d 0, total bacterial populations were below detection limit after dak-galbi marinated with the gamma-irradiated (≥15 kGy) sauces were cooked, and the samples marinated with higher dose irradiated dak-galbi sauce had lower (p<0.05) bacterial populations during storage. TBARS values of the dak-galbi samples marinated with non-irradiated sauce were not different (p≥0.05) with those marinated with irradiated sauces on d 0, and the TBARS values increased (p<0.05) during storage at 35oC, regardless of irradiation dose. In the VBN analysis, there was no difference (p≥0.05) in VBN values among irradiation doses on d 0, but VBN values decreased (p<0.05) as irradiation dose increased during storage. Moreover, there were no significant differences (p≥0.05) in sensory characteristics among irradiation doses. These results indicate that use of gamma irradiation on dak-galbi sauce may be useful in shelf-life extension without compromising the sensory characteristics of dak-galbi.
Yohan Shin,Moojae Han,Jaehoon Jung,Kyotae Kim,Yeji Heo,Deukhee Lee,Heunglae Cho,Sungkwang Park 한국방사선학회 2019 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.1
Co-60 및 Ir-192 등의 방사성 동위원소가 비파괴 검사(Non-Destructive Test; NDT) 등의 분야에서 널리 쓰 임에 따라 방사선 안전관리가 매우 중요시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 요오드화수은(Mercury(Ⅱ) Iodide; HgI2) 의 선원추적 시스템 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. HgI2로 제작된 Unit cell 센서의 신뢰도 검증을 위한 전기적 특성평가를 수행한 후, 방사선에 대한 센서의 위치의존성을 분석하고, Planning system의 선량 분포와 비교 하였다. 평가결과, R-sq>0.99 이상의 선형성과 CV<0.015 이하의 재현성을 보이며 신뢰도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 위치의존성 평가에서는 센서의 isocenter에서 최댓값이 측정되었으며, 거리에 따라 점진적 감소를 나타냈다. 그러나 Planning system 상의 선량 분포 데이터와는 최대 30%의 차이를 보였는데, 센서는 단일지점으로부터 데이터를 수집하는 Planning system과 달리 면적으로부터 수집하기 때문으로 사료된다. Radiation safety management is being considered very important since radioactive isotopes such as Co-60 and Ir-192 are widely used in fields such as non-destructive test(NDT). In this study, the applicability of Mercury(Ⅱ) Iodide(HgI2) source for tracing system was evaluated. To make sure the unit cell sensor’s reliability, we evaluated the electrical properties of the sensor made with HgI2, and then position dependence of the sensor was analyzed and compared with the dose distribution from the planning system. As a result of the evaluation, high reliability of the sensor was shown through the linearity of R-sq > 0.990 and reproducibility of CV < 0.015. In the position dependence evaluation, the maximum value was measured at the isocenter of the sensor and gradually decreased according to the distance. However, the dose distribution data from the planning system was turned out that has difference with that of the sensor up to 30%. This seems to come from the difference between single-point measuring based planning system and area measuring based sensor.
Phosphor Particle 혼합형 Hybrid 선량계의 방사선치료 Quality Assurance에 대한 적용가능성 평가
신요한 ( Yohan Shin ),한무재 ( Moojae Han ),정재훈 ( Jaehoon Jung ),조흥래 ( Heunglae Cho ),박성광 ( Sungkwang Park ) 한국방사선학회 2019 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.3
방사선치료 분야에서는 치료의 안전성을 검증하기 위한 Quality Assurance(QA) 절차가 매우 중요하게 여겨진다. 그러나 일반적으로 이에 사용되는 선량계들의 다양한 문제점 때문에, 이를 대체하기 위한 선량계 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 형광체로부터 방출된 visible light(VL)에 의한 Sensitivity 극대화를 위해, 뛰어난 형광 효율을 가지는 형광체인 Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Tb를 요오드화납(Lead(II) Iodide; PbI<sub>2</sub>)에 다양한 weight percent(wt%)로 혼합한 Blended hybrid sensor를 제작하였다. 이후 Blended sensor 및 Pure PbI<sub>2</sub> sensor의 고에너지 방사선에 대한 반응특성을 비교 및 평가하였다. 민감도 평가결과, 3wt%는 sensor에서 타 sensor들과 40% 이상 차이나는 최댓값이 나타났으며, 이를 제외한 센서에서 wt%의 증가에 따른 점차적 민감도 감소추세를 확인하였다. 또한, 재현성 평가에서는 Pure PbI<sub>2</sub> sensor가 coefficient of variation(CV)>0.015의 큰 편차를 보인 반면, blended sensor는 모두 CV<0.015 이하의 결과를 보였다. In the field of radiotherapy, the Quality Assurance(QA) procedure to verify the safety of treatment is considered to be very important. However, due to various problems of the conventional dosimeters used for the QA, researches on these dosimeters have been actively carried out to replace them. In this study, to maximize the sensitivity by visible light(VL) emitted from phosphors, blended hybrid sensors were fabricated by blending various weight percent(wt%) of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Tb which is a phosphor with excellent fluorescence efficiency into PbI<sub>2</sub>. Then, the electrical properties to high energy radiation from the blended sensors and the pure PbI<sub>2</sub> sensor were compared and evaluated. As a result of the sensitivity evaluation, the sensor of 3wt% showed the highest value with more than 40% difference from the other sensors, and gradual decreasing in sensitivity was observed with increasing wt% except for the sensor of 3wt%. Also, in the reproducibility evaluation, the pure PbI<sub>2</sub> sensor exhibited a large variation in coefficient of variation(CV)>0.015, while all the blended sensors showed CV<0.015.