한ㆍ중 고사성어 대조 연구

LIU YING 국제한국언어문화학회 2014 한국언어문화학 Vol.11 No.2

한국과 중국의 역사를 살펴보면 한국과 중국은 지리상으로 인접해있어 수천 년 전부터 교류를 시작한 사실을 알 수 있다. 양국의 크고 작은 교류를 통해 중국의 한자어가 한국으로 전파되었다. 고사를표현하는 형식이 간 결하고 독특한 언어형식인 고사성어(故事成語)도한자어의 일부분으로서 한국으로 전파되어 수천 년의 세월 동안 한국의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화의 영향을 받으면서 발전해왔다. 마찬가지로 중국에서도 고사성어는 중국 의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화에 영향을 받으면서 발전해 온 결과로 한국과 중국의 일부 고사성어는 개념과 형식, 그리고 용법이 서로 상이하게 변하였다. 1992년 한 중양국이 수교하면서 중국인 한국어 학습자가 점차 증가하 였다. 한국사회생활에 많이 쓰이는 고사성어는 한국어 학습자에게도 중요한학습 내용이다. 뿐만 아니라 한국 어능력시험(TOPIK-Test of Proficiencyin Korean)에도 거의 매번 고사성어가 출제되고 있다. 중국인 한국어 학습자에게 한국의 고사성어는 중국어와 동일한 부분도많으나 유사하거나 상이한 부분도 있어 한국의 고사성 어 학습에 어려움이 있을 수 있다. 이 논문은 우선 한국에서 중요하게 사용되고 있는 고사성어를 선정하기 위해 TOPIK 문제집(7회부터 33회까지 ), 한국의 중학교 한문교과서 및 고등학교 한문교과서를 조사하여 여기에 나타난 고사성어를 연구대상으로 하 였다. 형식과 의미 두 가지 관점에서 한국의 고사성어와 중국어의 대응 형식을 대조하고, 한국의 고사성어와 중국의 고사성어 형식과 의미상의 차이와 그 차이가 나타난 원인을 분석하였다. 그리고 대조와 분석을 통해 중국인 한국어 학습자에게 한국 고사성어를 가르칠 때 유의해야 할 점을 제시하였다. (하얼빈사범대학교) Liu Ying. 2014. A Comparative Analysis of the story-basedidioms between Chinese and Korean. Journal of the InternationalNetwork for Korean Language and Culture 11-2, 53-78. The timewhen the Chinese characters began to be introduced to Koreacan be dated back to thousands of years ago, followed by theexport of idioms with their stories as an integrate part ofChinese characters. Since the establishment of diplomatic relationbetween the P.R.C and the R.O.K in 1992, South Korea hasreceived an increasing number of Chinese students who foundthemselves more and more frequently exposed to idioms andstories in their daily life in South Korea. Furthermore, theseidioms and their stories is a must in the S- TOPIK. Important asit is, the Chinese are prone to confuse the meaning of theseidioms with their versions in China. This thesis, focused on idioms and their stories selected from theS-TOPIK (the 7th–the 33rd) and Chinese literature textbooks ofjunior high and senior high. The differences of the idioms andtheir stories from the perspective of form and meaning areanalyzed in this paper, and it provides Chinese students withinstructions and guidelines to follow in learning Korean. (HarbinNormal University)

朝鮮人視城中的乾隆皇帝 : 以《熱河日記》爲中心

劉广銘,金英今 中韓人文科學硏究會 2008 한중인문학연구 Vol.24 No.-

박지원 등이 창조한 건륭황제의 형상은 '객관화'됨으로써 동시대와 후세의 조선인들이 건륭황제를 묘사하는 데 있어서 원초적인 경험을 제공해주는 '기본 텍스트'로 작용하여 왔고 앞으로도 장기간에 걸쳐 건륭황제와 그 가족을 해석하는 기틀로 작용하게 될 것이다. 박지원이 묘사한 건륭황제는 조선조시기라는 역사적인 배경에서 이루어진 것인 동시에 박지원은 또한 조선조시기라는 역사적인 배경을 이루는 한 요소이기도 하다. 다시 말하면 사회집단의 상상력과 텍스트 사이의 관계는 전자가 후자를 제약하는 단선적인 영향관계가 아니라 양자가 서로 영향주는 관계, 일종의 교호적인 대화과정에 처해 있으며 부단한 대화과정에서 끊임없이 새로운 의의가 생성되고 새로운 형상이 탄생하게 되는 것이다. The objective image of Emperor Qianlong created by Pak Chi-Won is regarded as the pre-interpretation of the emperor. Such an image not only made the foundation for those Koreans in the same and following periods but also constrained the followers' interpretation of Qianlong and his family for a long time. Though the interpretation of Qianlong by Pak Chi-Won was constrained in the context of Li Dynasty, his interpretation also contributed to the creation of the context. It means the relation between virtual world of the community and text is not that the former one influences and constrains the later one but they interact with each other. They have an iterative dialogue relation. In such iterative dialogues new meanings and new images are continuously created.

COMMON STATIONARY POINTS OF MULTI-VALUED F-CONTRACTIONS WITH δ-DISTANCE

Liu1 Zeqing,Liu Ying,Kang Shin Min 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2019 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.24 No.1

Three common stationary point theorems for some multi-valued F-contractions with δ-distance in bounded complete metric spaces are proved. The results obtained in this paper are extended or are different from several results in the literature. Three nontrivial examples are given.

Ag2O nanoparticle clusters coated with porous gelatin-g-PMMA copolymer

Ying Liu,Xiaoheng Liu,Xiaodong Wu,Xujie Yang,Lude Lu 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3

Herein a special nanoparticle cluster coated with a porous copolymer is designed and prepared. At first,Ag2O nanoparticles (secondary particles) were fabricated in gelatin solution by a facile chemical approach. Then these nanoparticles were entrapped in a copolymerization system containing gelatin,methyl methacrylate (MMA), an initiator, and using water as a solvent. The nanoparticle clusters coated with porous gelatin-g-PMMA copolymer (Ag2O/gelatin-g-PMMA) were prepared by grafting methyl methacrylate onto gelatin, followed by coating solidification. One significant feature for our approach is that every Ag2O aggregated cluster has been coated with porous gelatin-g-PMMA copolymer film in a unique way, and the Ag2O nanoparticle could penetrate and escape from the coating freely in water by ultrasonication. As a result, this study provides a new approach to prepare monodispersed nanoparticles by ordered porous copolymers with controlled releasing.

Invited Mini Review : Microorganism lipid droplets and biofuel development

Ying Mei Liu,Cong Yan Zhang,Xi Peng Shen,Xue Lin Zhang,Simon Cichello,Hong Bin Guan,Ping Sheng Liu 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2013 BMB Reports Vol.46 No.12

Mining Proteins Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Complex Networks

Liu, Ying,Liu, Chuan-Xia,Wu, Zhong-Ting,Ge, Lin,Zhou, Hong-Mei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

The purpose of this study was to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Each protein was ranked and those most associated with OSCC were mined within the network. First, OSCC-related genes were retrieved from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. Then they were mapped to their protein identifiers and a seed set of proteins was built. The seed proteins were expanded using the nearest neighbor expansion method to construct a PPI network through the Online Predicated Human Interaction Database (OPHID). The network was verified to be statistically significant, the score of each protein was evaluated by algorithm, then the OSCC-related proteins were ranked. 38 OSCC related seed proteins were expanded to 750 protein pairs. A protein-protein interaction nerwork was then constructed and the 30 top-ranked proteins listed. The four highest-scoring seed proteins were SMAD4, CTNNB1, HRAS, NOTCH1, and four non-seed proteins P53, EP300, SMAD3, SRC were mined using the nearest neighbor expansion method. The methods shown here may facilitate the discovery of important OSCC proteins and guide medical researchers in further pertinent studies.

Sputum Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Metabolic Pathways and Signatures Associated With Inflammatory Phenotypes in Patients With Asthma

Liu Ying,Zhang Xin,Zhang Li,Oliver Brian G,Wang Hong Guang,Liu Zhi Peng,Chen Zhi Hong,Wood Lisa,Hsu Alan Chen-Yu,Xie Min,McDonald Vanessa,Wan Hua Jing,Luo Feng Ming,Liu Dan,Li Wei Min,Wang Gang 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: The molecular links between metabolism and inflammation that drive different inflammatory phenotypes in asthma are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the metabolic signatures and underlying molecular pathways of different inflammatory asthma phenotypes. Methods: In the discovery set (n = 119), untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to characterize the induced sputum metabolic profiles of asthmatic patients with different inflammatory phenotypes using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and pathway topology enrichment analysis. In the validation set (n = 114), differential metabolites were selected to perform targeted quantification. Correlations between targeted metabolites and clinical indices in asthmatic patients were analyzed. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were established to assess the association between metabolites and severe asthma exacerbations. Results: Seventy-seven differential metabolites were identified in the discovery set. Pathway topology analysis uncovered that histidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were involved in the pathogenesis of different asthma phenotypes. In the validation set, 24 targeted quantification metabolites were significantly expressed between asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Finally, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (adjusted relative risk [adj RR] = 1.000; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.050), allantoin (adj RR = 1.000; 95% CI = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.043) and nicotinamide (adj RR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.000–1.002; P = 0.021) were demonstrated to predict severe asthma exacerbation rates. Conclusions: Different inflammatory asthma phenotypes have specific metabolic profiles in induced sputum. The potential metabolic signatures may identify therapeutic targets in different inflammatory asthma phenotypes.

TR-PIV measurement of separated and reattaching turbulent flow over a surface-mounted square cylinder

Liu Liu SHI,Ying Zheng LIU,Jin Jin WAN 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.1

The separated and reattaching turbulent flow over a surface-mounted two-dimensional square cylinder was experimentally studied by using time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV). A total of 61,440 instantaneous image frames were acquired at a framing rate of 125 Hz, yielding a reliable result of the statistical quantities. The time-averaged features of the separated and reattaching flow were analyzed in terms of distributions of the velocity vectors, vorticity, the streamwise velocity fluctuation intensity and shear stress. The association between the large-scale vortical structures and spatial variation of these time-averaged quantities were thoroughly discussed. The unsteady features of the flow were revealed from distributions of the reverse-flow intermittency, space-time contour plot of the fluctuating streamwise velocity, and cross-correlation of the streamwise velocity. Subsequently, a comprehensive understanding of the contribution of the flow structures into the fluctuating flow field was gained by using a snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)analysis. The results showed that the linear combination of the first five POD modes, which capture 57% of the fluctuation energy, was capable of representing the large-scale behaviors of the separated and reattaching turbulent flow in the senses of spectrum, instantaneous feature and spatial variation of the velocity fluctuation intensity.

Strong convergence theorems for generalized variational inequalities and relatively weak nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces

Ying Liu 영남수학회 2012 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.28 No.3

In this paper, we introduce an iterative sequence by using a hybrid generalized f−projection algorithm for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a relatively weak nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of a generalized variational inequality in a Banach space. Our results extend and improve the recent ones announced by Y. Liu [Strong convergence theorems for variational inequalities and rela- tively weak nonexpansive mappings, J. Glob. Optim. 46 (2010), 319–329], J. Fan, X. Liu and J. Li [Iterative schemes for approximating solutions of generalized variational inequalities in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Analysis 70 (2009), 3997–4007], and many others.

The beneficial effect of ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HEK-293 cells

Liu, Di,Zhang, Ting,Chen, Zhifei,Wang, Ying,Ma, Shuang,Liu, Jiyun,Liu, Jingbo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.2

Background: Ginsenosides are the main pharmacological components of Panax ginseng root, which are thought to be primarily responsible for the suppressing effect on oxidative stress. Methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorption capacity were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the ginsenosides. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells were incubated with ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field (PEF) and solvent cold soak extraction (SCSE) for 24 h and then the injury was induced by $40{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$. The cell viability and surface morphology of HEK-293 cells were studied using MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe assay was used to measure the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The intracellular antioxidant activities of ginsenosides were evaluated by cellular antioxidant activity assay in HepG2 cells. Results: The PEF extracts displayed the higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and stronger oxygen radical absorption capacity (with an oxygen radical absorption capacity value of $14.48{\pm}4.04{\mu}M\;TE\;per\;{\mu}g/mL$). The HEK-293 cell model also suggested that the protective effect of PEF extracts was dose-dependently greater than SCSE extracts. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay further proved that PEF extracts are more active (8% higher than SCSE extracts) in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the HEK-293 cells, which were treated with PEF extracts, maintained more intact surface morphology. Cellular antioxidant activity values indicated that ginsenosides extracted by PEF had stronger cellular antioxidant activity than SCSE ginsenosides extracts. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the antioxidative effect of ginsenosides extracted by PEF in vitro. Furthermore, rather than SCSE, PEF may be more useful as an alternative extraction technique for the extraction of ginsenosides with enhanced antioxidant activity.