CONSUMER LOCAL-GLOBAL IDENTITY, BRAND ORIGIN, AND CODE-SWITCHED AD EFFECTIVENESS AMONG MONOLINGUALS

Ying-Ching Lin,Kai-Yu Wang 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

There has been an increasing trend of using code-switching to enhance ad persuasion among local and global brands. Ads that include two or more languages are referred to as code-switched ads (Luna and Peracchio 2005a; 2005b). It is noted that previous studies investigating code-switched ad effectiveness have focused on bilinguals, not monolinguals. Due to the emerging use of code-switching in ads in monolingual markets, more research efforts are required to understand its effectiveness and boundaries among the monolinguals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of consumer local-global identity in the effectiveness of code-switched ads among monolinguals. Two experiments were conducted and the results confirmed our hypothesis that consumer local-global identity moderates the effect of code-switched ads. The results indicated that congruence between consumer local-global identity and code-switching enhanced persuasiveness. In addition, the mediating effect of ad involvement was identified. These findings provide managerial implications for marketers.

A “New Normal” in Communist China’s Military Leadership Reshuffles: An Interpretation of the New Line-up of Central Military Commission Following the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Ying Yu Lin 한국국방연구원 2023 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.35 No.3

Following the widely observed 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the fall of 2022, observers brought to public attention the replacement of quite a few previously hopeful candidates for top positions in the CPC with ones that were not comparable in seniority and age but had all been colleagues of Xi Jinping before Xi became the top leader of China. Such an unexpected precedent-breaking arrangement was also seen in the selection of members of the new Central Military Commission (CMC). China still advocates the decades-old tenet that the Party commands the gun yet without forgetting at the same time the equally long-lasting principle that political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. Therefore, control over the military is essential to the consolidation of political power. That is where the pivotal role of the CMC comes into play. What are the strategic implications of the new line-up of the CMC after the 20th CPC National Congress? To the surprise of quite a few observers, Zhang Youxia retained his position as one of the two vice chairmen of the commission. The other vice chairman is He Weidong, a new addition to the CMC. The other two new members of the seven-person CMC, including President Xi, who serves concurrently as chairman of the commission, are Liu Zhenli, who is the Chief of the CMC Joint Staff Department, and Li Shangfu, the new defense minister. The other two members, including Miao Hua and Zhang Shengmin, have been on the commission since the 19th CPC National Congress. What are the considerations behind the reshuffle in China’s top military decision-making and command body? All these questions are to be dealt with in this paper. The generals and admirals mentioned above shall be the subjects of analysis. Their backgrounds and specialties may be the reason why they were chosen for their positions.

China’s Progressive Military Modernization as Seen from the Wars Involving or Impacting It between 1950 and 2020

Ying Yu Lin 한국국방연구원 2022 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.34 No.3

What distinguishes China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) from other countries’ armies is the fact that the PLA was in existence, initially with a different name though, before the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as the legitimate government of China, as opposed to the Republic of China (ROC) government, or the Nationalist government, that retreated to Taiwan after losing the Civil War. As an armed wing of the Communist Party of China (CPC) since its inception in 1927, the PLA has undergone a considerable transformation from a “millet plus rifles” force to one that Beijing can count on as a powerful backing for its “wolf warrior” diplomacy. The meaning behind all this is that China’s military modernization efforts are paying off. Analyzing historical events in chronological order, this paper aims to find out how the wars involving or impacting China over the past seven decades, as well as specific international conflicts and China’s domestic politics in the same period of time, have contributed to the PLA’s modernization to date. The most recent round of military reform initiated by Chinese President Xi Jinping serves as a case for analysis in depth so as to have a better understanding of the PLA’s modernization.

PLA Reforms as Seen from the Composition of the Central Military Commission of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Ying Yu Lin 한국국방연구원 2019 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.31 No.4

Following the most recent round of military reforms launched in 2016, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), from the highest to the lowest echelons, has been moving in the direction dictated by President Xi Jinping. The major concern of the PLA, however, is the membership of the Central Military Commission (CMC). The list of candidates for the CMC of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was not decided until the rst plenary session of the Central Committee of the CPC after the 19th National Congress. The CMC retains its one chairman and two vice chairmen leadership structure, but only the chiefs of the Joint Staff Department and Political Work Department, the Minister of National Defense and the head of the Commission for Discipline Inspection are granted a seat in the CMC. As compared with the 18th CMC, the 19th CMC has fewer members. The decrease in the number of CMC members represents a change in the command structure of the PLA. From a hierarchical perspective, each level of command has its political and professional signicance, also tasked with different missions. All levels work together to manage the PLA, the world’s largest military force. From the change in the composition of the CMC, the selection of candidates for CMC membership, the qualications of the candidates in terms of grade and rank, and their functions, this study seeks to nd out the impact of the 19th CMC members and newly-appointed theater commands’ and the services’ commanding generals and admirals on the PLA reforms as well as the implications thereof.

Chinese patent herbal medicine (Shufeng Jiedu capsule) for acute upper respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ying-ying Zhang,Ru-yu Xia,Shi-bing Liang,Xiao-yang Hu,Meng-yuan Dai,Yi-lin Li,Le-yi Zhao,Michael Moore,Yu-tong Fei,Jian-ping Liu 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.3

Background: Shufeng Jiedu capsule has been widely used in China for acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness and safety for AURTIs. Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing SFJD with conventional drug for patients with AURTIs were included. Eight databases were searched from their inceptions to February 2021. Data was synthesized using risk ration (RR) or mean difference (MD) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). The primary outcome was resolution time of typical symptoms. Results: Twenty-five RCTs involving 3410 patients were included. SFJD in combination with conventional drug was associated with; in common cold shortening the duration of fever (MD −1.54 days, 95% CI [−2.15,−0.92], I2 = 80%, n = 385, 3 trials) and cough (MD −1.22 days, 95% CI [−1.52, −0.93]); in herpangina, shortening the duration of fever (MD -0.68 days, 95% CI [−1.15, −0.21], I2 = 68%, n = 140, 2 trials) and blistering (MD −0.99 days, 95% CI [−1.23, −0.76], n = 386, 3 trials); in acute tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis shortening the duration of fever (MD −1.13 days, 95% CI [−1.36, −0.90], I2 = 33%, n = 688, 7 trials) and sore throat (MD −1.13 days, 95% CI [−1.40, −0.86], I2 = 84.1%, n = 1194, 10 trials). SFJD also improving their cure rate with a range (1–5 days). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Low certainty evidence suggests that SFJD appears to shorten the duration of symptoms in AURTIs, improve cure rate and seems safe for application. However, high quality placebo controlled trials are warranted to confirm its benefit.

Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS

Yu-Lin Dai,Meng-Dan Qiao,Peng Yu,Fei Zheng,Hao Yue,Shu-Ying Liu 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng ofdifferent plant ages from different localities in China. Methods: In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2e4 years were collected from 13 differentcultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg3, Rc, Rg1, Rf, Rb2, Rb1, Re, and Rd) wasdetermined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupoleetime-of-flighttandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivationregion and age. Results: Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contentsof ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg1, Rg3, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb1peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained fromChangbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng fromJilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of thesame age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb1 and Rg1 contents were relatively high. Conclusion: In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginsengsamples aged 2e4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenosidecontent, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to chooseginseng products according to their needs.

Medical students’ self-assessed efficacy and satisfaction with training on endotracheal intubation and central venous catheterization with smart glasses in Taiwan: a non-equivalent control-group pre- and post-test study

Yu-Fan Lin,Chien-Ying Wang,Yen-Hsun Huang,Sheng-Min Lin,Ying-Ying Yang 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2022 보건의료교육평가 Vol.19 No.-

Purpose Endotracheal intubation and central venous catheterization are essential procedures in clinical practice. Simulation-based technology such as smart glasses has been used to facilitate medical students’ training on these procedures. We investigated medical students’ self-assessed efficacy and satisfaction regarding the practice and training of these procedures with smart glasses in Taiwan. Methods This observational study enrolled 145 medical students in the 5th and 6th years participating in clerkships at Taipei Veterans General Hospital between October 2020 and December 2021. Students were divided into the smart glasses or the control group and received training at a workshop. The primary outcomes included students’ pre- and post-intervention scores for self-assessed efficacy and satisfaction with the training tool, instructor’s teaching, and the workshop. Results The pre-intervention scores for self-assessed efficacy of 5th- and 6th-year medical students in endotracheal intubation and central venous catheterization procedures showed no significant difference. The post-intervention score of self-assessed efficacy in the smart glasses group was better than that of the control group. Moreover, 6th-year medical students in the smart glasses group showed higher satisfaction with the training tool, instructor’s teaching, and workshop than those in the control group. Conclusion Smart glasses served as a suitable simulation tool for endotracheal intubation and central venous catheterization procedures training in medical students. Medical students practicing with smart glasses showed improved self-assessed efficacy and higher satisfaction with training, especially for procedural steps in a space-limited field. Simulation training on procedural skills with smart glasses in 5th-year medical students may be adjusted to improve their satisfaction.

Professionals’ experiences and attitudes toward use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in hospice palliative inpatient care units: A multicenter survey in Taiwan

Yu-Jia Lin,Hsiao-Ting Chang,Ming-Hwai Lin,Ru-Yih Chen,Ping-Jen Chen,Wen-Yuan Lin,Jyh-Gang Hsieh,Ying-Wei Wang,Chung-Chieh Hu,Yi-Sheng Liou,Tai-Yuan Chiu,Chun-Yi Tu,Yi-Jen Wang,Bo-Ren Cheng,Tzeng-Ji Ch 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.2

Background: Medical staff may have difficulties in using conventional medicine to manage symptoms among terminally ill patients, including adverse effects of the treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as a complementary or alternative medicine, and has been increasingly used in the field of palliative medicine in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of and attitudes toward using TCM among palliative care professionals, and to provide preliminary information about its use in palliative care. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study conducted in eight inpatient hospice wards in Taiwan between December 2014 and February 2016. The questionnaire was self-administered, and was analyzed with descriptive statistics including Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 251 palliative care professionals responded to the questionnaire, of whom 89.7% and 88.9% believed that the use of TCM could improve the physical symptoms and quality of life in terminally ill patients, respectively. Overall, 59.8%, of respondents suggested that TCM had rare side effects, and 58.2% were worried that TCM could affect the liver and kidney function of patients. In total, 89.7% and 88.0% of professionals agreed there were no suitable clinical practice guidelines and educational programs, respectively, for TCM use in palliative care. Conclusions: Most of the respondents agreed there was insufficient knowledge, skills-training, and continuing education on the use of TCM in terminally ill patients in Taiwan. These results show that to address patient safety considerations, guidelines about use of TCM in palliative care should be established.

Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS

Dai, Yu-Lin,Qiao, Meng-Dan,Yu, Peng,Zheng, Fei,Yue, Hao,Liu, Shu-Ying The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages from different localities in China. Methods: In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2-4 years were collected from 13 different cultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg₃, Rc, Rg₁, Rf, Rb₂, Rb₁, Re, and Rd) was determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivation region and age. Results: Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contents of ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg₁, Rg₃, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb₁ peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained from Changbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng from Jilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of the same age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb₁ and Rg₁ contents were relatively high. Conclusion: In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginseng samples aged 2-4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenoside content, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to choose ginseng products according to their needs.

Patient and Care Delays of Breast Cancer in China

Yue-Lin Li,Ya-Chao Qin,Lu-Ying Tang,Yu-Huang Liao,Wei Zhang,Xiao-Ming Xie,Qiang Liu,Ying Lin,Ze-Fang Ren 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.3

Purpose This study differentiates patient and care delays of breast cancer and explores the related factors as well as the associations with the prognosis in Guangzhou, a southern city of China. Materials and Methods A cohort of female incident breast cancer patients (n=1,551) was recruited from October 2008 to March 2012 and followed up until January 1, 2016 (n=1,374) in the affiliated hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University. The factors associated with patient and care delays were analyzed with multivariable logistic models. Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed to estimate the impacts of the delays on the prognosis. Results There were 40.4% patient delay (! 3 months) and 15.5% care delay (! 1 month). The patient delay, but not the care delay, was significantly related to the clinical stage and consequently worsened the prognosis of breast cancer (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.91 for progression-free survival). The factors related to an increased patient delay included premenopausal status, history of benign breast disease, and less physical examination. Conclusion Patient delay was the main type of delay in Guangzhou and resulted in higher clinical stage and poor prognosis of breast cancer. Screening for breast cancer among premenopausal women may be an effective way to reduce this delay.