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Yu-Lin Dai,Meng-Dan Qiao,Peng Yu,Fei Zheng,Hao Yue,Shu-Ying Liu 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2
Background: This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng ofdifferent plant ages from different localities in China. Methods: In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2e4 years were collected from 13 differentcultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg3, Rc, Rg1, Rf, Rb2, Rb1, Re, and Rd) wasdetermined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupoleetime-of-flighttandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivationregion and age. Results: Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contentsof ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg1, Rg3, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb1peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained fromChangbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng fromJilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of thesame age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb1 and Rg1 contents were relatively high. Conclusion: In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginsengsamples aged 2e4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenosidecontent, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to chooseginseng products according to their needs.
Dai, Yu-Lin,Qiao, Meng-Dan,Yu, Peng,Zheng, Fei,Yue, Hao,Liu, Shu-Ying The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2
Background: This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages from different localities in China. Methods: In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2-4 years were collected from 13 different cultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg<sub>3</sub>, Rc, Rg<sub>1</sub>, Rf, Rb<sub>2</sub>, Rb<sub>1</sub>, Re, and Rd) was determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivation region and age. Results: Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contents of ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg<sub>1</sub>, Rg<sub>3</sub>, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb<sub>1</sub> peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained from Changbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng from Jilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of the same age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb<sub>1</sub> and Rg<sub>1</sub> contents were relatively high. Conclusion: In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginseng samples aged 2-4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenoside content, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to choose ginseng products according to their needs.
Yehui Wu,Jing Li,Mengfan Qiao,Dan Meng,Qingling Meng,Jun Qiao,Xingxing Zhang,Lixia Wang,Kuojun Cai,Jinsheng Zhang,Zaichao Zhang,Weiwei Yu,Xuepeng Cai 대한수의학회 2019 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.20 No.6
As an important zoonotic pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection has led to serious mastitis and endometritis in infected dairy cows. HereIn this study, a total of 164 strains of S. aureus were isolated from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China, and subjected to assays to determine of drug susceptibility and biofilm (BF) formation ability. The eEnterotoxin-related genes were detected, and then the transcription levels of genes related to BF formation were also determined by using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reactionPCR. Moreover, the pathogenicity of these isolates with different BF formation abilities was determined via by measuring their hemolysis activity, half lethal dose (LD50) and organ bacterial load, respectively. The results showed that 83.4 % of S. aureus isolates could form BF. Among them, 40.8 % of the strains had weak BF formation ability, and most strains with a strong BF formation ability were ica gene carriers. The S. aureus isolates displayed multidrug resistance and their drug resistance was positively correlated with their BF formation ability. Moreover, 96.3 % of the S. aureus isolates carried enterotoxin genes. Among them, the detection rates of the novel enterotoxin genes were higher than thoseat of conventional enterotoxin genes. Furthermore, the isolates with a strong BF formation ability had higher LD50 but lower hemolysis ability and organ bacterial load than thoseat of the isolates with weak or no BF ability. However, those isolates without BF ability caused produced more severe pathological changes than thoseat of the isolates with strong BF formation ability. These findings suggested that higher frequencies of BF ability and presence of novel enterotoxin genes were are important characteristics of S. aureus isolates from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China, and such isolateswhich may posed potential threats to food safety.