“选贤任能”与国家治理现代化: 历史梳理与制度分析

应验 ( Ying¸ Yan ) 성균관대학교 성균중국연구소 2021 중국사회과학논총 Vol.3 No.2

“选贤任能”是党的十九届四中全会提出的国家制度和治理的显著优势之一。“选贤任能”制度包含了“任人唯贤”的干部路线和“德才兼备”的干部标准, 并具有代表性强、选拔全面、有利于稳定等比较优势。“选贤任能”这一理念自原始洪荒时期起萌芽, 后经历禅让制、世袭制、察举制、科举制、委任制、选任制、考任制等模式流变, “贤能”的标准与“选任”的程序得到了极大的丰富。从制度理论上分析, “选贤任能”制度又体现出了制度变迁与制度依赖的特点, 在一定时期促进了国家的稳定和治理的有序, 但也阻碍了国家的转型发展。在新时代, 要继续推进“选贤任能”制度的革新, 使其更好适应国家治理现代化的需求。 Selection plus election (选贤任能制度), a modernized version of Confucian meritocracy, is written as a key strategy for the stability of the China Communist Party (CPC) leadership system. For short, the selection plus election system is a personnel system with Chinese characteristics and it has strong vitality and strength as proven by practice. The selection plus election system is a scientific system formed from the primitive flood and famine period (洪荒时期), andthen experienced the changes of models such as abdication system (禅让制), hereditary system (世袭制), examination system (察举制), imperial examination system (科举制), appointment system (委任制), and selection system(选任制). Reforms and learning should be continued to promote the innovation of the selection plus election system to make it better adapt to the needs of the modernization of national governance in China. The selection plus election system is not elite politics, nor democracy merely based on popular election, but a hybrid system based more on meritocratic leadership. More understanding and tolerance should be given to this experiment and further research should be conducted to analyse this system as well.

카메라의 달리숏과 줌숏 움직임 차이에 따른 감성선호도 분석

염영영 ( Ying-ying Yan ),김종무 ( Jong-moo Kim ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2016 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.56 No.-

시네마토그래프(Cinematographe)는 스틸(Still) 카메라에서 구현할 수 없었던 움직임을 기계적으로 복제하고 이를 대중에게 보여주는데 성공하였다. 초기 영화는 기술적 한계로 삼각대에 카메라를 고정하고 롱숏(Long Shot)의 단조로운 숏으로 촬영하였으나 카메라 기술의 발달과 카메라가 흔들리지 않고 촬영이 가능한 장비인 달리(Dolly), 트랙(truck), 지미짚(Jimmy-Jib) 그리고 스테디캠(Steadicam)의 등장으로 피사체의 움직임에 따라 카메라가 같이 움직이면서 보다 자연스러운 영상을 시청자에게 전달하기 시작했다. 대표적인 무빙숏으로 달리숏(Dolly Shot)과 줌숏(Zoom Shot)이 있다. 달리숏과 줌숏이 시각적으로 유사한 영상을 담아내지만, 렌즈의 초점길이 변화와 화각크기에 따른 피사계심도(Depth of Field)와 원근감의 차이가 뚜렷하게 존재하는데, 이러한 차이에 대한 감상자의 감성평가에 대한 연구가 부족하기에 본 연구는 달리숏과 줌숏의 차이에 따른 감성선호도를 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 달리숏과 줌숏으로 촬영된 2종류의 영상을 제작하고 전문가와 상의를 통해 추출한 총 4쌍의 어휘를 104명의 실험자를 대상으로 설문하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 달리숏과 줌숏차이에 따른 편안한/불편한 감성선호도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 검증되었으며 줌숏보다 달리숏에서 더욱 편안한 감성선호도를 보였다. 둘째, 달리숏과 줌숏 차이에 따른 자연스러운/어색한 감성선호도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 검증되었으며 줌숏보다 달리숏에서 더욱 자연스러운 감성선호도를 보였다. 셋째, 달리숏과 줌숏차이에 따른 지루한/흥미로운 감성선 호도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 검증되었으며 줌숏보다 달리숏에서 더욱 흥미로운 감성선호도를 보였다. 넷째, 달리숏과 줌숏 차이에 따른 입체적인/평면적인 감성선호도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 검증되었으며 줌숏보다 달리숏에서 더욱 입체적인 감성선호도를 보였다. 이는 달리숏이 줌숏에 비해 편안한, 자연스러운, 흥미로운 그리고 입체적인 감성선호도를 보인 것으로 해석 할 수 있다. 본 연구 결과가 무빙숏을 사용하는 촬영에서 감상자의 감성 선호도를 이해하는데 기초 자료로 사용되었으면 한다. Cinematographe successfully reproduced mechanically the movement which could not be embodied by Still camera and showed it to the public. Although the movie was filmed with monotonous shot of Long Shot, fixing camera on the tripod due to technical limit at the beginning, more natural image could be delivered to viewers as camera moves with subject thanks to the development of camera technology & appearance of Dolly, track, Jimmy-Jib & Steadicam, the equipment with which photography can be realized without agitating camera. The representative moving shot is Dolly Shot and Zoom Shot. Although Dolly Shot and Zoom Shot make visually similar video, the difference of Depth of Field & perspective caused by change in the length of lens focus & the size of lens view angle. Since the appreciators`` evaluation of this sensibility on such difference is less studied, this study intends to analyze sensibility preference depending on the difference of Dolly Shot & Zoom Shot. To this end, 2 kinds of image filmed with Dolly Shot & Zoom Shot were produced and 4 pairs of vocabulary extracted by discussing with expert became subject of question papers submitted to 104 objects. According to the analysis, first, statistically significant difference was verified in the comfortable/inconvenient sensibility preference depending on the difference in Dolly Shot and Zoom Shot. Much more comfortable sensibility preference was observed in Dolly Shot rather than Zoom Shot. Second, statistically significant difference was verified in the natural/clumsy sensibility preference depending on the difference in Dolly Shot and Zoom Shot. Much more natural emotion preference was observed in Dolly Shot rather than Zoom Shot. Third, statistically significant difference was verified in the boring/interesting sensibility preference depending on the difference in Dolly Shot and Zoom Shot. Much more interesting sensibility preference was observed in Dolly Shot rather than Zoom Shot. Fourth, statistically significant difference was verified in the cubic/plane sensibility preference depending on the difference in Dolly Shot and Zoom Shot. Much more cubic sensibility preference was observed in Dolly Shot rather than Zoom Shot. This can be interpreted that Dolly Shot showed comfortable, natural, interesting and cubic sensibility preference compared to Zoom Shot. We wish that the result of this study be used as basic materials in understanding appreciators`` sensibility preference in the photography where moving shot is in use.

중국 웹 드라마에서 탄막(彈幕) 사용자의 이용동기, 획득충족, 이용행위에 관한 연구

염영영 ( Yan Ying-ying ),김종무 ( Kim Jong-moo ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회(구 시각디자인학회) 2019 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.67 No.-

본 연구는 중국 웹 드라마에서 새롭게 선보인 커뮤니케이션의 수단인 탄막(彈幕: Danmaku) 사용자의 이용동기와 획득충족(Gratification Obtained)이 무엇이며, 탄막 이용동기가 탄막의 이용행위(읽기/올리기)에 미치는 영향과 이용행위가 획득충족에 미치는 영향을 분석 하였다. 분석을 위해 중국에 거주하고 웹 드라마를 보면서 탄막을 사용한 경험이 있는 총 325명의 설문지를 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 웹 드라마 탄막 이용동기는 ‘시간 보내기’, ‘오락추구’, ‘정보추구’, ‘공동시청’, ‘사회교류’, ‘팬덤’등 총 6개 요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 웹 드라마 탄막 이용 후 얻는 획득충족은 ‘사회교류’, ‘ 공동시청 ’, '팬덤', ‘오락추구’, ‘시간보내기’등 총5개 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 웹 드라마 탄막 이용동기가 탄막 이용행위에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 탄막 이용기간은 이용행위에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 또한 탄막 이용동기 요인 중 ‘공동시청’ 요인은 탄막 ‘읽기’, ‘오락추구’ 요인은 탄막 ‘올리기’에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 웹 드라마의 탄막 이용기간이 오래될수록 이용자는 더 적극적으로 이용행위에 참여하며 ‘공동시청’이 높을수록 웹 드라마를 보면서 탄막을 더 많이 읽고 탄막을 더 적극적으로 올리는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 웹 드라마의 탄막 이용행위가 이용 후 획득충족에 미치는 영향 결과 이용기간은 ‘공동시청’, ‘팬덤추구‘, ’오락추구‘, ’시간보내기‘ 충족요인에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 2단계에서 1단계에 투입한 요인과 탄막 ’읽기‘와 탄막 ’올리기‘를 투입한 결과 탄막 이용기간은 ‘오락추구’ 충족요인에만 유의한 영향을 주었다. 또한 탄막 ‘읽기’와 탄막 ‘올리기’는 모든 획득충족 요인에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 본 연구 결과는 중국 웹 드라마에서 탄막을 이용하는 시청자의 이용 태도가 어떠한지를 분석함에 의미가 있다. This study analyzes motive of use and Gratification Obtained of user of Danmaku, the communication means newly presented in Chinese web drama as well as the influence of motive of use on use behavior (reading/uploading) and Gratification Obtained. For analysis, the question papers of 325 persons living in China and experienced in using Danmaku while watching web drama was analyzed. Analysis shows the following result. First, the motive of use for Danmaku in web drama has 6 factors, e.g., ‘killing time’, ‘pursuit of amusement’, ‘pursuit of information’, ‘common viewing’, ‘social association’, ‘fandom.’ Second, Gratification Obtained acquired after using web drama Danmaku is found to have 5 factors, e.g., ‘social association’, ‘common viewing’, 'fandom', ‘pursuit of amusement’, ‘killing time’. Third, the analysis of influence that motive of use for Danmaku in web drama on the act of using Danmaku shows that the term of using Danmaku has active influence on use behavior. Further, the factor of ‘common viewing’ out of the motives of use for Danmaku has significant influence on ‘reading’ Danmaku and ‘pursuit of amusement’ has significant influence on ‘uploading’ Danmaku. Viewing such result, when the term of using Danmaku in web drama is longer, users participate in the act of use more actively and when ‘common viewing’ is more prevalent, users read Danmaku more and upload Danmaku more actively as they view web drama. Fourth, according to the influence that the act of using Danmaku in web drama has on Gratification Obtained after use, term of use has significant influence on gratification factors such as ‘common viewing’, ‘pursuit of fandom’ ‘pursuit of amusement’ ‘killing time’. Inputting factors input in the 1st stage and ‘reading‘ Danmaku & ’uploading’ Danmaku in the 2nd stage, the term of using Danmaku has significant influence on gratification factor of ‘pursuit of amusement’ only. Further, both ‘reading’ Danmaku and ‘uploading’ Danmaku have significant influence on factors of gratification obtained. This study is meaningful in that it analyzes how viewers’ using attitude is when they use Danmaku in Chinese web drama.

Numerical simulation of droplet dynamic behaviors in a convergent microchannel

Ying Yan,Dan Guo,Jing Luo,Shizhu Wen 한국바이오칩학회 2013 BioChip Journal Vol.7 No.4

Microfluidic devices are of high efficiency for the coalescence and manipulation of monodispersed droplets. Numbers of microfluidic applications involve the control of droplets through networks of convergent or divergent junctions. The convergent microchannels are widely applied in transporting DNA and controlling other chemical and biological reactions. But there are still some problems unsolved such as that how to merge droplets more efficiently and how to guarantee the stability of the droplet in a convergent microchannel. In this work, numerical method is used to investigate the dynamic properties of the water microdroplets suspended in the convergent microchannel filled with oil. The moving of microdroplets in the convergent microchannel is driven by the initial droplet velocity. The surface tension is taken into account in the Navier-Stokes equations. The microchannel size parameter “Da” is firstly proposed to describe the convergent microchannel geometric characteristics and through which a regime map is created to classify droplets states into total coalescence regime, partial coalescence regime and no coalescence regime respectively. The dynamic behaviors of the droplets suspended in the convergent microchannel are discussed in detail. This work would contribute to the design of convergent microchannels for better biochemical analysis.

Two New α-Pyrones and Other Components from the Cladodes of Opuntia dillenii

Ying Kun Qiu,Yan Yan Zhao,De Qiang Dou,Bi Xia Xu,Ke Liu 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.6

The aqueous ethanolic extract from the fresh cladodes of Opuntia dillenii HAW. was found to show anti-inflammatory activity. Two new α-pyrones, named opuntioside II (1) and opuntioside III (2), were isolated from the extract together with six known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.

Efficacy and Safety of the Safe Triangular Working Zone Approach in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Spinal Metastasis

Yan Bi Cong,Fan Yan Feng,Tian Qing Hua,Wang Tao,Huang Zhi Long,Song Hong Mei,Li Ying,Jiao Lei,Wu Chun Gen 대한영상의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.23 No.9

Objective: This study aimed to assess the technical feasibility, efficacy, and safety of the safe triangular working zone (STWZ) approach applied in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) for spinal metastases involving the posterior part of the vertebral body. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 87 patients who underwent PV for spinal metastasis involving the posterior part of the vertebral body, with or without the STWZ approach, from January 2019 to April 2022. Forty-nine patients (27 females and 22 males; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 57.2 ± 11.6 years; age range, 31–76 years) were included in group A (with STWZ approach), accounting for 54 vertebrae. Thirty-eight patients (18 females and 20 males; 59.1 ± 10.9 years; 29–81 years) were included in group B (without STWZ approach), accounting for 57 vertebrae. Patient demographics, procedure-related variables, and pain relief as assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) were collected at different time points. Tumor recurrence in the vertebrae after PV was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Results: The STWZ approach was successful from T1 to L5 without severe complications. Cement filling was satisfactory in 47/54 (87.0%) and 25/57 (43.9%) vertebrae in groups A and B, respectively (p < 0.001). Cement leakage was not significantly different between groups A and B (p = 1.000). Mean VAS score ± SD before and 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after PV were 7.6 ± 1.8, 4.2 ± 2.0, 2.7 ± 1.9, 1.9 ± 1.5, 1.7 ± 1.4, 1.7 ± 1.1, and 1.6 ± 1.3, respectively, in group A and 7.2 ± 1.7, 4.0 ± 1.3, 3.4 ± 1.6, 2.4 ± 1.2, 1.8 ± 1.0, 1.4 ± 0.5, and 1.7 ± 0.9, respectively, in group B. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a lower tumor recurrence rate in group A than in group B (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The STWZ approach may represent a new, safe, alternative/auxiliary approach to target the posterior part of the vertebral body in the PV for spinal metastases.

Catalytic activity of copper-ceria catalysts supported on different zeolites for CO oxidation

Ying Yan,Dong Zhang,Huiping Zhang 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.6

Copper-ceria catalysts for CO oxidation supported on 4A, 5A, NaX and NaY zeolites were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and excess-solution impregnation. Catalysts were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, H2-TPR and XPS. Results revealed that the catalysts were greatly affected by zeolites and preparation method. EDX results indicated the metal loading of 4A-ES (5.1 wt% Cu, 15.7 wt% Ce), 5A-ES (5.9 wt% Cu, 19.2% Ce), NaX-ES (11.7wt% Cu, 4.2 wt% Ce) and NaY-ES (11.0 wt% Cu, 7.9 wt% Ce) greatly varied. TPR results suggested that the peak at around 195 oC was presented in NaX-ES and 4A-IW, standing for dispersed copper species that is very active for CO oxidation. The catalytic activity of 4A-ES and NaX-ES was the best among catalysts made by excess-solution impregnation, demonstrated by the lowest T50 at 127 and 129 oC, respectively. The catalytic activity of catalysts made by incipient wetness impregnation was worse than that of catalysts made by excess-solution impregnation, examined by the T50 of 4A-IW and NaX-IW at 128 and 192 oC, respectively.

Least squares estimation of kinetic parameters in batch adsorption of phenol with confidence interval analysis

Ying Yan,Yan Shao,Huiping Zhang 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.8

Adsorption kinetics of phenol on granular coconut shell activated carbon and granular coal based activated carbon was investigated by the model of homogeneous surface diffusion plus external film mass transfer with the stirred batch adsorber. The model was solved numerically by finite element and the parameter estimation was performed with the nonlinear least squares method. Through the confidence interval analysis and evaluation of the error sum of squares,higher precision of the parameter estimates can be obtained by combining more decay curves; the decay curves with the different initial solution concentrations and adsorbent dosages can be well represented with identical film mass transfer coefficient and surface diffusivity, and the effect of surface adsorption coverage on the surface diffusivity is negligible in the adsorption systems. The values of the film mass transfer coefficient and surface diffusivity are in the order of magnitude 10−5 and 10−12, respectively.

Research on the Use Behavior of BIM Information Technology in the Context of Smart City Construction

Yan-Yan Li,Zi-Yang Liu,Mei-Ying Niu 사회혁신기업연구원 2023 혁신기업연구 Vol.8 No.2

With the development of the new round of technological revolution, the intelligent city construction background, vigorously promote the intelligent construction of this innovative development model has become inevitable. In particular, the use of new BIM technology in the construction industry can realize the management of the whole life cycle of the project, thus improving the overall productivity and management level of the construction industry. However, the adoption and utilization of BIM in the construction industry is still low at this stage, which seriously hinders the construction and development of smart cities. So effectively grasping the reasons for the poor utilization of information technology in the construction industry has become a key concern for the construction industry. Based on this, this study takes a user resistance perspective to explore the factors influencing employees' usage behaviors by using Chinese construction workers as the respondents. The results show that there is a significant relationship between perceived switching costs, perceived switching benefits and dispositional resistance to change and a negative relationship between dispositional resistance to change and adoption intentions, and verify that negative emotions mediate the relationship between perceived switching costs, perceived switching benefits and dispositional resistance to change. In-depth analysis of the formation mechanism of user boycott is helpful for managers to formulate targeted preventive measures and then accelerate the construction of smart cities.

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Ying-Ying Wu,Yan Feng,Yue Huang,Jie-Wen Zhang 대한신경과학회 2016 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.12 No.4