Structural Characterization and Thermal Behavior of a Novel Energetic Material: 1-Amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene

Xiaolei Ren,Xiangang Zuo,Kangzhen Xu,Yinghui Ren,Jie Huang,Jirong Song,Bozhou Wang,Fengqi Zhao 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

A novel energetic material, 1-amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene (APHDNE), was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in Nmethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) at 110 ^oC. The theoretical investigation on APHDNE was curried out by B3LYP/6-311+G^* method. The IR frequencies analysis and NMR chemical shifts were performed and compared with the experimental results. The thermal behavior of APHDNE was studied by DSC and TG/DTG methods, and can be divided into two crystal phase transition processes and three exothermic decomposition processes. The enthalpy, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the first exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained as −525.3 kJ mol^−1, 276.85 kJ mol^−1 and 10^(26.22) s^−1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of APHDNE is 237.7 ^oC. The specific heat capacity of APHDNE was determined with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity is 363.67 J mol^−1 K^−1 at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of APHDNE was also calculated to be a certain value between 253.2-309.4 s. APHDNE has higher thermal stability than FOX-7.

Structural Characterization and Thermal Behavior of a Novel Energetic Material: 1-Amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene

Ren, Xiaolei,Zuo, Xiangang,Xu, Kangzhen,Ren, Yinghui,Huang, Jie,Song, Jirong,Wang, Bozhou,Zhao, Fengqi Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

A novel energetic material, 1-amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene (APHDNE), was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) at 110 $^{\circ}C$. The theoretical investigation on APHDNE was curried out by B3LYP/6-311+$G^*$ method. The IR frequencies analysis and NMR chemical shifts were performed and compared with the experimental results. The thermal behavior of APHDNE was studied by DSC and TG/DTG methods, and can be divided into two crystal phase transition processes and three exothermic decomposition processes. The enthalpy, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the first exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained as -525.3 kJ $mol^{-1}$, 276.85 kJ $mol^{-1}$ and $10^{26.22}s^{-1}$, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of APHDNE is 237.7 $^{\circ}C$. The specific heat capacity of APHDNE was determined with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity is 363.67 J $mol^{-1}K^{-1}$ at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of APHDNE was also calculated to be a certain value between 253.2-309.4 s. APHDNE has higher thermal stability than FOX-7.

Insight into the anti-corrosion performance of three imidazo-pyridazines for Al alloy in different concentrations of hydrochloric acid solutions

Xiaolei Ren,Jinwu Bai,Xingxing Gu,Hui Xu,Bochuan Tan,Shenying Xu,Jiangyu Hao,Fang Gao,Xin Li 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.113 No.-

Imidazo-pyridazine and Bromo/Chloro-Imidazo-pyridazines are employed as the inhibitors for Al alloy in0.1 M HCl and 0.5 M HCl solutions. The electrochemical tests and adsorption model analysis revealed thatthree compounds are mixed-type inhibitors and Imidazo-pyridazine exhibited the best anti-corrosionperformance for Al electrode in HCl solutions by physicochemical. From electrochemical results, the bestanti-corrosion efficiency is 88.1 % for Al in 0.5MHCl with 2.0mMIP, while the efficiency is 75.5 % for Al in0.5 M HCl with 1.0 mM IP. The different inhibition behaviors result from the probability of the formationof AlCladsand N-onium ions. The formation of adsorption is due to the electrostatic attraction betweenAlCladsand N-onium ions. The surface topography test revealed that the Imidazo-pyridazine is the best corrosionbarrier for Al in 0.5 M HCl. The dynamic simulation demonstrated that the inhibition molecules andprotonated molecules can adsorb on the Al surface spontaneously with parallel adsorption configuration nomatter in more or less Cl- atmosphere.

Reliable Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks in Complex Environments

Xiaolei Liu,Yongji Ren,Xuguang Xin,Liping Zhang,Jixiang Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.10

Although localization has been widely studied for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the complex environments and the large network scale pose severe challenges and make it necessary to develop new reliable localization algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Hop Localization Algorithm for large-scale WSNs in complex environments. This work is based on the consideration that the localization process would encounter several kinds of adverse factors with different nature at the same time (e.g. anisotropic network characteristics, ranging uncertainty, link quality of multihop paths, etc.), which lead to obvious degradation of localization performance. Unlike most of the existing schemes, we transform the localization problem in complex environments into a hybrid constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) which is composed of three different kinds of constraints, i.e. spatial constraint, network situation constraint, and confidence constraint. Set-membership approach and interval analysis method have been utilized to deal with the CSP and determine the positions of sensor nodes. Simulation results show that our scheme is an effective and efficient approach to localization in large-scale WSNs.

Non-isothermal Decomposition Kinetics of a New High-energy Organic Potassium Salt: K(DNDZ)

Kangzhen Xu,Xiaolei Ren,Fengqi Zhao,Hongxu Gao,Siyu Xu,Rongzu Hu,Jirong Song 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.10

A new high-energy organic potassium salt, 2-(dinitromethylene)-1,3-diazepentane potassium salt K(DNDZ), was synthesized by reacting of 2-(dinitromethylene)-1,3-diazepentane (DNDZ) and potassium hydroxide. The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of K(DNDZ) were studied with DSC, TG/DTG methods. The kinetic equation is d 1013.92 3(1 ) dT ααβ= −2[−ln(1 − α )]3 exp(−1.52 × 105 / RT). The critical temperature of thermal explosion of K(DNDZ) is 208.63 oC. The specific heat capacity of K(DNDZ) was determined with a micro-DSC method, and the molar heat capacity is 224.63 J mol‒1 K‒1 at 298.15 K. Adiabatic time-to-explosion of K(DNDZ) obtained is 157.96 s.

Influences of magnetic field on the removal of submicron particles in electrostatic cyclone at different temperatures

Jianping Zhang,Xiaolei Lu,Dawen Zhao,Pengju Zhang,Jun Hu,Zhiwei Zhang,Baodong Ren 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.4

Aiming at improving the capture performance of inner vortex electrostatic cyclone (ESC), which is widely used in the field of flue gas purification, magnetic field is introduced to remove submicron particles. The theoretical and physical models of electromagnetic dust removal were established, and the dust-removal efficiency of submicron particles under different temperatures and magnetic fields was numerically simulated by FLUENT. The results show that a rise in temperature leads to a reduction in the grade efficiency of submicron particles of ESC, a decrease in the number of escaped particles at lower temperature, and the differences of the rising amplitude in overall efficiency corresponding to the traditional cyclone, which were 36.7%, 34.8%, 33.8%, and 31.9% at four temperatures. The contribution of temperature to the capture of submicron particles decreases continuously with the increasing temperature, but that of magnetic field progressively increases at this time. The magnetic field environment is conducive to the capture of submicron particles, the removal effect is more obvious with the increase of magnetic flux density, but the ascended ranges of magnetic field and temperature both decrease when it reaches 0.5 T. These results can provide a theoretical basis and a technical reference for the design of ESC.

A review of the current in-situ fouling control strategies in MBR: Biological versus physicochemical

Qiang Liu,Jiayao Ren,Yongsheng Lu,Xiaolei Zhang,Felicity A. Roddick,Linhua Fan,Yufei Wang,Huarong Yu,Ping Yao 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.98 No.-

Fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR) is a bottleneck problem limiting their application. In-situfouling control strategies have been continuously developed for decades, and can be mainlycategorized as biological and physicochemical approaches. However, the mechanisms and performanceof these methods as well as their application prospects have not been thoroughly discussed andcompared in a systematic manner. This study was aimed at providing a detailed review on the variousin-situ biological and physicochemical methods in terms of fouling control performance, foulingreduction mechanisms and practicability. This involves a comparison of the popular biological controlstrategies including quorum quenching (QQ)) and physicochemical approaches such as NaClObackflushing, hybrid electrochemical MBR and anti-biofouling membrane development, with theanalysis of their potential, existing issues and practicality in full-scale applications. Future work is alsorecommended for developing more sustainable and more widely applicable MBR fouling controlstrategies.

Genotypic Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Pediatric Pneumonia Patients in Chengdu City, Sichuan, China

Tian Guozhong,Zhang Li,Li Machao,Wang Xiaolei,Zheng Yuhong,Li Xiaojing,Huang Cheng,Li Xuechun,Xie Yongqiong,Xu Li,Ren Hongyu,Shao Zhujun 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.4

Two hundred and seventy-three Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from pediatric pneumonia patients in China were studied. We used Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) to analyze genotypic characteristics. All strains were biotyped and serotyped. Relatedness and patterns of genes among isolates were determined by the analysis of MLST and eBURST. H. influenzae primarily causes acute pneumonia in children under 1 year old. Nontypeable H. influenzae was responsible for most cases of pediatric pneumonia. All 273 strains were classified into eight biotypes. They mostly belonged to the I, II, and III biotypes (17.6%, 43.6%, and 22.7%, respectively). 62 strains (22.7%) produced β-lactamase. We found 28 novel alleles. Fifty different STs were found by MLST, of which 39 were novel. These were ST477 through ST508 and ST521 through ST527. Group 17 and predicted founders 503 were new groups in this study. No STs correlated with strains from Korea, which is adjacent to China. The H. influenzae strains from China appeared to have heterogeneous ST types patterns which may be the reason no outbreaks or epidemics of H. influenzae infections have occurred in Chengdu city, Sichuan, China.

Non-isothermal Decomposition Kinetics of a New High-energy Organic Potassium Salt: K(DNDZ)

Xu, Kangzhen,Zhao, Fengqi,Song, Jirong,Ren, Xiaolei,Gao, Hongxu,Xu, Siyu,Hu, Rongzu Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.10

A new high-energy organic potassium salt, 2-(dinitromethylene)-1,3-diazepentane potassium salt K(DNDZ), was synthesized by reacting of 2-(dinitromethylene)-1,3-diazepentane (DNDZ) and potassium hydroxide. The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of K(DNDZ) were studied with DSC, TG/DTG methods. The kinetic equation is $\frac{d{\alpha}}{dT}$ = $\frac{10^{13.92}}{\beta}$3(1 - $\alpha$[-ln(1 - $\alpha$)]$^{\frac{2}{3}}$ exp(-1.52 ${\times}\;10^5$ / RT). The critical temperature of thermal explosion of K(DNDZ) is $208.63\;{^{\circ}C}$. The specific heat capacity of K(DNDZ) was determined with a micro-DSC method, and the molar heat capacity is 224.63 J $mol^{-1}\;K^{-1}$ at 298.15 K. Adiabatic time-to-explosion of K(DNDZ) obtained is 157.96 s.

Syntheses and Thermal Behaviors of Rb(FOX-7)·H2O and Cs(FOX-7)·H2O

Jinan Luo,Kangzhen Xu,Min Wang,Jirong Song,Xiaolei Ren,Yongshun Chen,Fengqi Zhao 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.10

Two new energetic organic alkali metal salts, 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene rubidium salt [Rb(FOX-7)·H2O] and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene cesium salt [Cs(FOX-7)·H2O], were synthesized by reacting of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and rubidium chloride or cesium chloride in alkali methanol aqueous solution, respectively. The thermal behaviors of Rb(FOX-7)·H2O and Cs(FOX-7)·H2O were studied with DSC and TG methods. The critical temperatures of thermal explosion of the two compounds are 216.22 and 223.73 oC, respectively. Specific heat capacities of the two compounds were determined with a micro-DSC method, and the molar heat capacities are 217.46 and 199.47 J mol‒1K‒1 at 298.15 K, respectively. The adiabatic times-to-explosion were also calculated to be a certain value of 5.81 - 6.36s for Rb(FOX-7)·H2O, and 9.92 - 10.54 s for Cs(FOX-7)·H2O. After FOX-7 becoming alkali metal salts, thermal decomposition temperatures of the compounds heighten with the rise of element period, but thermal decomposition processes become intense.