The Transition of Learning Mode with NPD in Chinese Firms

Xiaobo Wu,Wei Dou 피터드러커 소사이어티 2009 창조와 혁신 Vol.2 No.1

Organizational learning is very important for innovative search performance in NPD activities. Most of Chinese firms started product innovation from foreign mature technology acquisition to adoption and finally innovated with own emerging technology. In this process, dominant learning mode should change from exploitation to exploration. This article provided a narrative of learning mode transition process and proposed propositions about this transition: 1)from knowledge exploitation to exploration is a process across innovation cycle, which can generate continuous innovation 2) exploitation is the dominant mode after the external technology acquisition and exploration is the dominant mode after own emerging tech R&D; 3) SBU management and R&D collaboration will be introduced in the period from exploitation to exploration 4) the time of product search across exploitation and exploration is much longer than the time of product search in one learning mode. Transition of learning mode is very important for innovative firms’ continuous innovation in developing countries like China and Korea.

Mating flight causes genome-wide transcriptional changes in sexually mature honeybee queens

Xiaobo Wu,ZilongWang,Fei Zhang,Yuanyuan Shi,Zhijiang Zeng 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.1

In this study, we analyzed the gene and miRNA expression differences between the courted virgin queen (CVQ) and non-courted virgin queen (NCVQ) of Apis mellifera using a high-throughput sequencing method. Through Digital Gene Expression (DGE) sequencing, 452 genes were differentially expressed, out of which, 90 genes were up-regulated and 362 genes were down-regulated in CVQ compared with NCVQ. Through small RNA sequencing, 27 miRNAs showed significant expression difference between these two samples. Moreover, 9 of the differentially expressed genes are the targets of the 11 differentially expressed miRNAs. Besides, 47 novel miRNA candidates were predicted in these two samples. Our results provided valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanism of the transition to functional queens.

Transcriptome comparison between newly emerged and sexually matured bees of Apis mellifera

Xiaobo Wu,ZilongWang,Hai-Yan Gan,Shu-Yun Li,Zhi Jiang Zeng 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

In order to understand the transcriptome characteristics of queens and drones of honeybee Apis mellifera, the transcriptome differences between newly emerged stage and sexually matured stage of queens and drones of A. mellifera L. were compared using high-throughput RNA-Seq. In drones, a total of 1618 DEGs were detected between the two stages. Out of these, 782 geneswere up-regulated and 836 geneswere down-regulated in sexually matured drones compared to newly emerged drones. In queens, the DEGs between the two stages were 1340, with 667 up-regulated and 673 down-regulated genes in matured queens compared to newly emerged queens. 411 genes showed the same expression trend in drones and queens during sexual maturing, with 233 (56.69%) up-regulated genes and 178 (43.31%) down-regulated at newly emerged stage. We found that genes encoding cuticular proteins (CP), cytochrome P450 (CYP), odorant binding proteins (OBP) and odorant receptor (OR), which are related to developments of bones, reproductive system and olfaction system, were differentially expressed between the sexually matured bees and the newly emerged bees. The results indicated that the expression levels of a large number of genes changed during sexual maturing of A. mellifera L. bees, which give us an insight into the characteristics of the gene expression during sexual maturing of adult queens and drones.

Towards an Innovation-driven Nation

Xiaobo Wu,Jing Li 과학기술정책연구원 2015 STI Policy Review Vol.6 No.1

The rise of latecomer countries across the world directs academic attention to their catching-up and innovation processof seizing technological opportunities and combining internal and external knowledge. Different from the developed economies as well as the newly industrialized economies, China presents a special innovation environment, wherein its technology regime, market opportunities, and institutions are complex and the globalization trend affects competition in a broader way. In thiscontext, we clarify and extend the framework of “secondary innovation”. This framework describes the dynamics of those with relatively poor resources and capabilities in their efforts to capture the values of mature/emerging technology or business models by acquiringthem from across borders and then adapting to catching-up contexts. Such processes, differentiated from original innovation that involves the whole process from R&D to commercialization, has become a prevailing regime during paradigm shifts. In particular, unlike the traditional catch-up literature that focuses more on technology, the secondary innovation framework inclusively contains both technology and business model innovation, and puts forward the co-evolution between the two elements, which is more applicable to China’s context. In accordance, we also provide implications towards fulfilling the goal of building an innovation-driven nation.

Microsatellite primers in red bayberry, <i>Myrica rubra</i> (Myricaceae)

Xie, Xiaobo,Qiu, Yingying,Ke, Liping,Zheng, Xiliang,Wu, Guanting,Chen, Jinqing,Qi, Xingjiang,Ahn, Sangnag Wiley (John WileySons) 2011 American journal of botany Vol.98 No.4

<P>Microsatellite markers were developed in Myrica rubra to investigate potential hybridization events within or between M. rubra and its closely related species.</P>

Comparative Study of Bioactive Constituents in Crude and Processed Glycyrrhizae radix and Their Respective Metabolic Profiles in Gastrointestinal Tract In Vitro by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI/MS Analyses

Wen-wu Huang,Xiaobo Li,Meng Yue Wang,Hai-ming Shi,Ying Peng,Chong-sheng Peng,Min Zhang,Yue Li,Jing Lu 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.11

Two HPLC methods with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS), respectively, were developed to investigate the differences of chemical constituents and their metabolism in gastrointestinal tract in vitro between two decoctions of crude and processed Glycyrrhizae radix. Total of eleven constituents (liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, licuraside, isoliquiritin, ononin, glycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin-7,4'-diglucoside, licorice saponin A3, 22β-acetoxylglycyrrhizic acid, licorice saponin G2, and yunganoside E2) were identified in the two decoctions, whereas lower contents of these constituents were usually found in the decoction of processed G. radix. Furthermore, these constituents were metabolized into their respective aglycons in human intestinal bacteria juice, and the metabolism ratios were all higher in processed G. radix decoction. No change was found in artificial gastric or intestinal juice. This study revealed that the processing can alter the contents of main constituents in crude G. radix and their metabolism in gastrointestinal tract, in which intestinal bacteria play an important role in the metabolism of licorice constituents.

Optically- and Thermally-Responsive Programmable Materials Based on Carbon Nanotube-Hydrogel Polymer Composites

Zhang, Xiaobo,Pint, Cary L.,Lee, Min Hyung,Schubert, Bryan Edward,Jamshidi, Arash,Takei, Kuniharu,Ko, Hyunhyub,Gillies, Andrew,Bardhan, Rizia,Urban, Jeffrey J.,Wu, Ming,Fearing, Ronald,Javey, Ali American Chemical Society 2011 NANO LETTERS Vol.11 No.8

<P>A simple approach is described to fabricate reversible, thermally- and optically responsive actuators utilizing composites of poly(<I>N</I>-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) loaded with single-walled carbon nanotubes. With nanotube loading at concentrations of 0.75 mg/mL, we demonstrate up to 5 times enhancement to the thermal response time of the nanotube-pNIPAM hydrogel actuators caused by the enhanced mass transport of water molecules. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to obtain ultrafast near-infrared optical response in nanotube-pNIPAM hydrogels under laser excitation enabled by the strong absorption properties of nanotubes. The work opens the framework to design complex and programmable self-folding materials, such as cubes and flowers, with advanced built-in features, including tunable response time as determined by the nanotube loading.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2011/nalefd.2011.11.issue-8/nl201503e/production/images/medium/nl-2011-01503e_0002.gif'></P>

Upregulated N6-Methyladenosine RNA in Peripheral Blood: Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer

Han Xiao,Xiaobo Fan,Rui Zhang,Guoqiu Wu 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.2

Purpose An effective biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) and benign breast diseases (BBD) is crucial for improving the prognosis. We investigated whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can be a diagnostic biomarker of BC.Materials and Methods We detected the contents of peripheral blood m6A in 62 patients with BC, 41 patients with BBD, and 41 normal controls (NCs) using the colorimetric method. The relative expression of the m6A regulated genes methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results m6A in peripheral blood RNA was significantly higher in patients with BC than that in patients with BBD (p < 0.001) or the NCs (p < 0.001). m6A was closely associated with the disease stage (from stage 0 to stage I-IV, p=0.003). The receiver operating characteristic curve of m6A contained an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.887 in BC, which was greater than that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153). The combination of m6A, CEA, and CA153 improved the AUC to 0.914. The upregulated and downregulated mRNA expression of METTL14 and FTO, respectively, might contribute to the increase of m6A in patients with BC. m6A combined with METTL14 and FTO improved the AUC to 0.929 with a specificity of 97.4% in the peripheral blood of patients with BC.Conclusion The peripheral blood RNA of m6A might be a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of BC.

Evidence for moiré excitons in van der Waals heterostructures

Tran, Kha,Moody, Galan,Wu, Fengcheng,Lu, Xiaobo,Choi, Junho,Kim, Kyounghwan,Rai, Amritesh,Sanchez, Daniel A.,Quan, Jiamin,Singh, Akshay,Embley, Jacob,Zepeda, André,Campbell, Marshall,Autry, Trav Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2019 Nature Vol.567 No.7746

Effect of fenpropathrin on the viability and homing ability of worker bees Apis mellifera

Chun-hua Liao,Jie Wu,Zi-long Wang,Zhi Jiang Zeng,Xiaobo Wu 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4

To explore the effect of fenpropathrin on survival and homing ability of honeybees Apis mellifera L., the newly emerged honeybee workers (< 12 h old) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group. Fenpropathrin (1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50, 1/8 LD50 and 0% LD50) was added on the thorax of the bees. The viability of worker bees and their homing rate at 1 km distance away from colonies were analyzed, and the expression levels of two memory related genes (GluRA and Nmdar 1) in 20-day–old worker bees were also quantified. Overall, the lifespan and homing rates were significantly decreased with the increase of fenpropathrin dose (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the least group (1/8 LD50) and the control group (0% LD50) (P > 0.05). The relative expression of Nmdar1 was decreased significantly with the increasing doses of fenpropathrin and the lower expression level of Nmdar 1 was found in the fenpropathrin-treaded groups. The expression level of GluRA of workers in 1/8 LD50 group and the control group were significantly higher than that in 1/2 LD50 group and 1/4 LD50 group (P < 0.05), whereas the expression level of GluRA of workers in 1/4 LD50 group was significantly higher than that in 1/2 LD50 group (P < 0.05), and there is no significant difference between 1/8 LD50 group and the control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of fenpropathrin for agricultural crops may show negative influence on the viability and homing ability of worker bees Apis mellifera L.