Ginsenosides: potential therapeutic source for fi brosis-associated human diseases

Xiaobing Li,Nan Mo,Zhenzhen Li 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.3

Tissue fibrosis is an eventual pathologic change of numerous chronic illnesses, which is characterized byresident fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts during inflammation, coupled with excessiveextracellular matrix deposition in tissues, ultimately leading to failure of normal organ function. Now,there are many mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis, which facilitate the discoveryof effective antifibrotic drugs. Moreover, many chronic diseases remain a significant clinical unmetneed. For the past five years, many research works have undoubtedly addressed the functionaldependency of ginsenosides in different types of fibrosis and the successful remission in various animalmodels treated with ginsenosides. Caveolin-1, interleukin, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), liver X receptors(LXRs), Nrf2, microRNA-27b, PPARd-STAT3, liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK, and TGF-b1/Smads are potentialtherapy targeting using ginsenosides. Ginsenosides can play a targeting role and suppress chronicinflammatory response, collagen deposition, and epithelialemesenchymal transition (EMT), as well asmyofibroblast activation to attenuate fibrosis. In this report, our aim was to focus on the therapeuticprospects of ginsenosides in fibrosis-related human diseases making use of results acquired from variousanimal models. These findings should provide important therapeutic clues and strategies for theexploration of new drugs for fibrosis treatment.

Rapid Treatment Using Vacuum-surcharge Preloading with Dynamic Consolidation Method: Laboratory Model Test

Xiaobing Li,Jun Li,You Zhou,Tian Jin,Mingfeng Li 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.27 No.3

This study presents an experimental investigation of reinforcement effect of dredged fill obtained from the Oufei project of Wenzhou, China using improved method of vacuum-surcharge preloading with dynamic consolidation by five parallel laboratory model tests: four model tests with different tamping energy combinations and a control group of vacuum-surcharge preloading method. The water content after treatment of the vacuum-surcharge preloading method was close to the optimal water content obtained from standard compactiontest. The treatment of improved method of vacuum-surcharge preloading with dynamic consolidation can improve reinforcement effect and shorten consolidation time. The tests with higher tamping energy have a higher range of improvement. Under the condition of the identical level of tamping energy, compared with the drop height, the weight of hammer plays a greater role in foundation reinforcement, embodying concretely in water discharge, crater depth, and dissipation of pore water pressure, water content, vane shear strength, and porosity.The findings from this study may benefit the engineering application and further research of the combined method.

Effect of electrochemical treatment on consolidation of soft clay

Li, Xiaobing,Yuan, Guohui,Fu, Hongtao,Wang, Jun,Cai, Yuanqiang Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.4

In this study, a method of electrochemical consolidation is applied. This method utilizes electro-osmosis, which is an effective ground improvement technique for soft clays, and soil treatment using lime, which is the oldest traditional soil stabilizer. The mechanism of lime treatment for soil involves cation exchange, which leads to the flocculation and agglomeration. Five representative laboratory tests-an electro-osmotic test and four electrochemical tests with various proportions of lime-were performed on dredged marine clay. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of electrochemical treatment and to determine the optimum dose for optimal consolidation performance of dredged marine clay. The results show that a better consolidation effect was achieved in terms of current, temperature, and vane shear strength by using electrochemical treatment. The best results were observed for the electrochemical test using 4% lime content.

Influence of Dynamic Loading Activation Time on Electro-osmotic Consolidation of Soft Soil

Xiaobing Li,Jianyu Shu,Jun Wang,Hongtao Fu,Peng Wang,Xiuqing Hu 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.11

Electro-osmosis is a suitable method for the consolidation of soft soil. However, the significant potential loss caused by the cracking of the soil near the electrode in the later stages of electro-osmosis hinders further improvement of its efficiency. Dynamic loading is applied to overcome this problem. The dynamic loading activation time is considered to strongly influence the performance of the combined electro-osmosis-dynamic loading process. In this paper, the maximum current ratio (MCR) is proposed as an index of the dynamic loading activation time. Laboratory tests were performed with different dynamic loading activation times to confirm the influence of the dynamic loading time on electro-osmosis consolidation. During the combined processes of dynamic loading and electro-osmosis, the current, electric potential, discharged water, and surface settlement were monitored. In the following testing, the water content and undrained shear strength were measured. Compared with the electro-osmosis method alone, electro-osmosis and dynamic loading was found to yield superior performance improvement. The method described in this paper to determine the optimal dynamic loading activation time as a function of the MCR, and electro-osmosis, exhibits potential as an improved approach for the consolidation of soft soil in engineering practice.

Ginsenosides: potential therapeutic source for fibrosis-associated human diseases

Li, Xiaobing,Mo, Nan,Li, Zhenzhen The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.3

Tissue fibrosis is an eventual pathologic change of numerous chronic illnesses, which is characterized by resident fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts during inflammation, coupled with excessive extracellular matrix deposition in tissues, ultimately leading to failure of normal organ function. Now, there are many mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis, which facilitate the discovery of effective antifibrotic drugs. Moreover, many chronic diseases remain a significant clinical unmet need. For the past five years, many research works have undoubtedly addressed the functional dependency of ginsenosides in different types of fibrosis and the successful remission in various animal models treated with ginsenosides. Caveolin-1, interleukin, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), liver X receptors (LXRs), Nrf2, microRNA-27b, PPARδ-STAT3, liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK, and TGF-β1/Smads are potential therapy targeting using ginsenosides. Ginsenosides can play a targeting role and suppress chronic inflammatory response, collagen deposition, and epitheliale-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as myofibroblast activation to attenuate fibrosis. In this report, our aim was to focus on the therapeutic prospects of ginsenosides in fibrosis-related human diseases making use of results acquired from various animal models. These findings should provide important therapeutic clues and strategies for the exploration of new drugs for fibrosis treatment.

Influence of meadow changes on net primary productivity: a case study in a typical steppe area of XilinGol of Inner Mongolia in China

Xiaobing Li,Guoqing Li,Hong Wang,Han Wang,Jingjing Yu 한국지질과학협의회 2015 Geosciences Journal Vol.19 No.3

In this research, we monitored the change (degeneration or improvement) in meadow vegetation over an approximately 12-year timespan in the typical steppe area of Inner Mongolia in China. Linear trend analysis (LTA) and the MOD13Q1-NDVI time series data were used to evaluate the changes in the net primary productivity (NPP) during the vegetation growing seasons between 2000 and 2011. The Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model was used, and the relationship between the vegetation change and meadow NPP was analyzed and validated with field data collected in 2011. The results indicate the following: (1) the growth status and NPP of the meadow vegetation in the typical steppe area of Inner Mongolia varied greatly for each year without an obvious linear trend between the change of meadow vegetation and NPP; (2) additional analysis with field measured data, collected in 2011, revealed that the average dry weight of the above-ground biomass in the area where the NPP had increased was less than that in the area where it had decreased; the dry weight of the above-ground biomass of the meadow vegetation that showed degeneration was greater than that of the meadow vegetation that showed improvement; (3) a possible reason for the phenomenon mentioned in (2) was that the government protected the degenerated meadows with less biomass, which led to vegetation growth and increased NPP, whereas the meadows that had not been degenerated or showed only minor degeneration and still received rich biomass were over-grazed, causing the NPP to decline.

Glutathione disulfide sensitizes hepatocytes to TNFα-mediated cytotoxicity via IKK-β S-glutathionylation: a potential mechanism underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Xiaobing Dou,Songtao Li,Linfeng Hu,Lei Ding,Yue Ma,Wang Ma,Hui Chai,Zhenyuan Song 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Oxidative stress and TNFα are critically involved in the initiation and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the effects of dysregulated glutathione homeostasis, a principal feature of oxidative stress, on TNFα-induced hepatotoxicity and its mechanistic implications in NAFLD progression. We showed that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks developed hepatic steatosis and liver injuries, which were associated with not only TNFα overproduction but also hepatic glutathione dysregulation, characterized by GSH reduction and GSSG elevation. Moreover, consuming a HFD increased protein S-glutathionylation (protein-SSG formation) in the liver. Subsequent cell culture studies revealed that GSSG accumulation, as opposed to GSH reduction, sensitized hepatocytes to TNFα killing by reducing the TNFα-triggered NF-κB activity. GSSG prevented TNFα-induced activation of IKK-β, an upstream kinase in the NF-κB signaling pathway, by inducing IKK-β glutathionylation (IKK-β-SSG formation). In animal studies, in comparison to a control diet, HFD consumption resulted in increased hepatic IKK-β- SSG formation, leading to suppressed IKK-β activation and subsequent NF-κB suppression. Furthermore, we found that HFD consumption also led to decreased hepatic expression of glutaredoxin, a key enzyme for de-glutathionylation. Similarly, CdCl2, a chemical inhibitor of glutaredoxin, sensitized hepatocytes to TNFα-mediated cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our data suggest that GSSG is a potent and clinically relevant sensitizer for TNFα-induced hepatotoxicity in NAFLD, which represents a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.

A New Method of Active Power Measurement Under the Conditions of Distortion Signals Based on Multiple Wavelets

Zhang Xiaobing,Li Hongguang,Cao Wei 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.6

It is discussed that a new method for active power measurement under the conditions of distortion signals. Accurate measurement of the power consumed by the distorted signals has been focused on in recent years due to its practical utilities. In this work, a mathematical description of powers is deducted in the conditions of distorted signals according to a simplified model of the electrical network. Then, a rational measuring method of the electric energy for distorted signals is proposed on the basis of the analysis of the power flow. Also, a measuring method based on multiple wavelets was employed for measuring the active power in the conditions of unsteady distorted signals. Experimental results demonstrate that, by using the simulated typical distorted signals, the proposed measurement method can produce extremely accurate results compared to theoretical results.

A Study on the Measurement for Forest Ecological Benefit in China

Zhong Xiaobing,Choi youngdon,Li Changsheng 충남대학교 사회과학연구소 2008 사회과학연구 Vol.18 No.4

Elastic Properties of Lead-free (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3 Single Crystals near the Morphotropic Phase Boundary as Studied by Using Brillouin Spectroscopy

이병완,고재현,Xiaobing Li,Haosu Luo 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.9

The elastic properties of lead-free (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3 single crystals near the morphotropic phase boundary were investigated by using Brillouin spectroscopy at room temperature. The measured longitudinal elastic constants of unpoled single crystals with a BaTiO3 content of 5% exhibited large changes depending on the scattering geometry, indicating that a substantial acoustic dispersion effect exists in this system. This was attributed to the relaxor nature due to inherent disorder in the A-site of the perovskite structure.