복하천 수질특성 및 개선방안

남우경 ( Wookyong Nam ),최일우 ( Ilwoo Choi ),류형렬 ( Hyeungrial Ryu ),임한수 ( Hansoo Lim ),김문정 ( Munjeong Kim ),임채국 ( Chaekook Lim ),김수현 ( Soohyun Kim ),김태화 ( Taehwa Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.-

이탈리아어의 조동사의 분류와 형태-통사적 특징

김운용 ( Woonyong Kim ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2004 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.34

Italian language belongs to the inflectional language according to the typology. For example, nouns and adjectives have the marked feature of gender and number in the form. And verbs represent person, number, tense and mood with the inflectional affix. It is interesting that the auxiliary verb has these features such as general verbs in Italian. In this research, I assumed that if a lexical verb has a property of auxiliary, and then that verb can have a complement of verb. There are some reasons that I want to treat the auxiliaries with the lexical verb. First, all auxiliaries has the inflectional word form. Second, all auxiliaries can be used with lexical verbs. And third, all auxiliaries can be derivated with nouns. According to Quirk et al. (1985), I argued that it is necessary to classify the Italian auxiliaries: modal auxiliaries. tempo-aspectual auxiliaries, passive auxiliaries. progressive auxiliaries. semi-auxiliaries, concatenatives. I resolved some problems which concern with auxiliaries, assuming that all Italian auxiliaries are lexical verbs. And I found an interesting phenomenon in auxiliary system. In general, the auxiliary has a power to select a kind of complement, but the tempo-aspectual auxiliary decides the complement of the morpho-syntactic form, and its complement has the power of auxiliary selection between AVERE and ESSERE in Italian.

의료 폐기물의 처리에 관한 연구

김용수,배성렬,김영채,박우용,공성호 한양대학교 에너지 ·환경기술연구소 1995 에너지·環境技術論文集 Vol.2 No.-

의료기관의 증가에 따라서 발생되는 폐기물의 증가 또한 매우 심각한 형편이다. 하지만 우리나라에서는 아직 의료 폐기물의 법적인 규제나 처리기술의 개발이 매우 미흡한 상태이다. 의료 폐기물은 일반적으로 일반 폐기물과 감염성 폐기물로 나뉘며 특히 감염성 폐기물은 발생 후부터 일반 폐기물과 분리하여 수거, 운반, 보관 및 처리하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 발생된 감염성 의료 폐기물은 일반적으로 멸균을 거쳐야 하며 최종적으로 회전식 소각로, 공기 조정식 소각로 또는 로타리킬른 등이 소각로를 이용, 소각처리 후 최종처리를 하도록 한다. 이에 따라 대기오염 방지시설 또한 적절히 설치·운영되도록 한다. Due to increasing numbers of medical facilities, wastes regarding medical activities are also increasing recently medical wastes are generally categorized an infectious wastes and non-infectious wastes. Infectious medical wastes should be separated from non-infectious wasted right after generation. A sterilization process should be applied before further treatment of infectious wastes. An incineration process is usually used for final treatment of wastes. Therefore, air pollution control devices are carefully designed for incinerators.

ATM 스위치의 쎌 손실율 추정을 위한 Hybrid 시뮬레이션 기법

김지수,최우용,전치혁 한국경영과학회 1996 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

An ATM switch must deal with various kinds of input sources having different traffic characteristics and it must guarantee very small value of cell loss probability, about 10^-8~10^-12, to deal with loss-sensitive traffics. In order to estimate such a rare event probability with simulation procedure, a variance reduction technique is essential for obtaining an appropriate level of precision with reduced cost. In this paper, we propose a hybrid simulation technique to achieve reduction of variance of cell loss probability estimator, where hybrid means the combination of analytical method and simulation procedure. A discrete time queueing model with multiple input sources and a finite shared buffer is considered, where the arrival process at an input source is governed by an Interrupted Bernoulli Process and the service rate is constant. We deal with heterogeneous input sources as well as homogeneous case. The performance of the proposed hybrid simulation estimator is compared with those of the raw simulation estimator and the importance sampling estimator in terms of variance reduction ratios.

대학에서의 인문학 수업에 대한 교수와 학생의 인식과 우수 인문학 강의 사례 분석

김태완,이규민,최명숙,엄우용,최성열 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2006 교육과학연구 Vol.37 No.1

'인문학의 위기'는 이제 주요한 사회문제의 하나로 인식될 정도로 그 심각성을 더해가고 있다. 이 연구는 인문학 수업에 대한 교수와 학생의 인식을 분석하고 우수 인문학 강좌를 선정하여 분석함으로써 효과적인 인문학 강좌의 교수-학습 측면의 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 효과적인 교수-학습 방법의 개발이 인문학 위기를 초래한 원인들을 해결하기 위한 근본적인 처치 방안은 되지 못할지라도, 현재 학생들의 인문학 기피 현상에 대한 인문학 내부의 적극적이고, 구체적인 대응 방안이 될 것으로 기대된다. 이를 위해, 인문학 담당 교수들과 수강 대학생을 대상으로 하는 질문지 조사 방법이 동원되었고, 우수한 인문학 강의 사례를 발굴하여 그들 강좌의 운영 방식과 사용된 교수-학습 방법을 연구하는 사례 연구가 병행되었다. 인문학 강좌의 교수-학습 방법에 대한 학생들과 인문학 전공 교수들의 인식, 인문학 강좌의 사용되는 교수법, 교수-학습 매체, 홈페이지 활용 실태 등이 분석되었고, 효과적인 교수-학습 방법 개발을 위한 교수자 역할, 의사소통, 동기 유발, 교수 매체 활용, 학습 평가 방법 등에 관한 시사점이 도출되었다. The "crisis"of the humanities is getting worse, that it has been recognized as an important social issue. The "crisis" exists not merely in the decreasing number of students majoring in the fields, but in the widespread avoidance of humanities courses among college students. As a solution to overcome the crisis of the humanities, this study focused on developing effective teaching and learning methods which would increase students' interests and motivation in the fields by reflecting recent social changes. Although it cannot be a fundamental solution, we expect it to be a specific and active answer to the problem within the humanities. For the study, both survey and case studies were conducted. The survey collected information from professors in the humanities department and students taking the humanities courses. The cases known for good courses were selected to examine the teaching methods and instructional activities in depth. The survey results described responses of professors and students on teaching and learning methods in the humanities and the utilization of instructional media and homepages, etc. Also, the case study analyzed teaching strategies, communication styles, motivation, instructional media, and testing and course evaluation for effective teaching and learning.

Simultaneous Determination of Methylphenidate, Amphetamine and their Metabolites in Urine using Direct Injection Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

( Woonyong Kwon ),( Sungill Suh ),( Moon Kyo In ),( Jin Young Kim ) 한국질량분석학회 2014 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.5 No.4

Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamine (AP) by normal persons has been increased to improve cognitive functions. Due to high potential for their abuse, reliable analytical methods were required to detect these prescription stimulants in biological samples. A direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and implemented for simultaneous determination of MPH, AP and their metabolites ritalinic acid (RA) and 4-hydroxyamphetamine (HAP) in human urine. Urine sample was centrifuged and the upper layer (100 μL) was mixed with 800 μL of distilled water and 100 μL of internal standards (0.2 μg/mL in methanol). The mixture was then directly injected into the LC-MS/MS system. The mobile phase was composed of 0.2% formic acid in distilled water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Chromatographic separation was performed by using a Capcell Pak MG-II C18 (150 mm × 2.0 mm i.d., 5 μm, Shiseido) column and all analytes were eluted within 5 min. Linear least-squares regression with a 1/x weighting factor was used to generate a calibration curve and the assay was linear from 20 to 1500 ng/mL (HAP), 40-3000 ng/mL (AP and RA) and 2-150 ng/mL (MPH). The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 16.4%. The intra- and inter-day accuracies ranged from -15.6% to 10.8%. The limits of detection for all the analytes were less than 4.7 ng/mL. The suitability of the method was examined by analyzing urine samples from drug abusers.

Ortho-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile(CS) 이 흰쥐 피부조직에 미치는 조직학적 영향에 관한 연구

이우용,최봉근,김잉곤,엄기일,정호삼,정호삼,류재만 한양대학교 의과대학 1998 한양의대 학술지 Vol.18 No.1

This study was undertaken to describe the fine structural changes of cytoplasmic organelles in epidermal cells, and the changes of volume and localization of collagen type Ⅰ in the dermis of rat skin by CS(Ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) application. The experimental animals, 100∼150gm of body weight rats(Sprague-Dawley strain), were sacrificed at 12 hours, 24 hours, 3 day and 5 day after CS application on the hair-shaved back skin. The specimens were prepared for ultrastructural findings, ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate double stain and observed with Hitachi-600 electron microscrope. The others were incubated with rabbit anti rat type Ⅰ collagen antibody as primary antibody, and Goat anti rabbit IgG antibodies as secondary antibody And advidin-biotin-conjugated(ABC) peroxidase procedure was used. All of specimens for immune reactions were observed with light microscope. The results obtained were as follows. 1 Keratinocytes appeared fully necrotized after 3 days of CS application. The epidermis showed degeneration of basal lamina, enlargement of intercellular spaces and necrotic keratinocytes with vacuole and vesicles. And large keratohyalin granules were seen in the shrunken epidermal cells. 2 At 3 or 5 day after CS treatment, the normal cytoplasmic organelles of keratinocytes began to appear on the basal and prickel cells. 3 At 12 hour an 24 hour after CS treatment. The immune reaction of type Ⅰ collagen showed weak reaction in reticular layer of dermis. But at 3 day and 5 day after CS treatment, moderate immune reaction were seen in throughout the dermis. These results suggest that CS application to rak skin may induce changes of keratinocytes and reductive changes of type Ⅰ collagen in the dermis.

급속 열처리 방식에 의한 Ti-실리사이드의 상전이 및 형성에 관한 연구

엄우용,김민영,장호정,장지근 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1995 신소재 Vol.5 No.-

n-type Si (100) 웨이퍼를 precleaning하고 HF용액에 dip etching한 후 e-beam evaporator에서 두께 800Å의 Ti 박막을 성장시켰다. Ti/Si 박막의 rapid thermal annealing 과정에서는 열처리 온도, 시간 및 가스 분위기(Ar/N_2)를 변화시켜가며 TiSi_2 형성을 실험하였고, 열처리 시 정상온도까지를 computer programming에 의해 다단계 step 방식으로 승온시켰다. 열처리 후 4단자 탐침법(4-point probe method)으로 면저항(Rs)을 측정한 결과, 형성된 TiSi_2의 면저항 값은 RTA의 가스분위기에는 크게 의존하지 않으며 열처리 온도에 민감하게 변화하였다. RTA 온도에 따른 Ti-실리사이드의 면저항 값이 T=500℃ 부근에서 가장 크게 나타나고 T=700℃ 이상에서는 일정한 낮은 값(Rs≤1.2Ω/□, p=13∼16μΩ·cm)을 보였는데 이는 T≥700℃ 이상에서 C54의 안정된 TiSi_2 상이 형성된 결과이다. 또한, 시편을 N_2 분위기에서 500℃, 600℃, 700℃, 800℃의 온도로 20초간 열처리한 후 Ti-silicide 박막의 결정구조와 상전이를 X선 회절(X-ray diffraction, XRD) 분석한 결과, 500℃에서 20초간 RTA 열처리한 시료는 TiSi상과 불안정한 tiSi_2 초기상(C49)이 형성되었으며 열처리 온도가 700℃ 이상에서는 고온 안정상인 TiSi_2 상(C54)이 성장되었음을 보여주었다. C54의 TiSi_2에 대한 결정성장방향은 (040) 방향으로 배향(oriented) 성장하는 경향을 나타내었다, N_2 분위기로 600℃와 850℃의 온도에서 20초간 열처리한 실리사이드의 표면과 단면을 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)으로 관찰한 결과, 온도가 증가됨에 따라 TiSi_2의 결정입계 크기가 증가하였고, 약 800Å 두께의 as-deposited Ti 박막에 대한 TiSi_2/Si 시편은 850℃에서 20 sec간 열처리한 경우 약 1500Å의 실리사이드 두께를 보여주었다. The substrates, n-type (100) Si wafers with the resistivity of 1∼10 Ω·cm are subjected to standard cleaning procedures followed by a diluted HF solution (HF : H_2O=1 : 50) dip immediately prior to loading into e-beam chamber. Thin Ti films with the thickness of 800Å are deposited by e-beam evaporation with base pressure of 4×10^6 Torr. The samples are annealed over a range of temperatures (T=450∼850℃) in an atmosphere of N_2 and Ar with annealing times (t=5∼60 sec) in a RTA system. After selective etching of unreacted Ti in a solution of (NH_4OH : H_2O_2 :H_2O=1 : 1 : 5), the reacted Ti-silicides are characterized by in-line four point probe, x-ray diffraction(XRD), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). the results of four point probe measurements show that sheet resistances of TiSi_2(C54) are not greatly affected by the RTA process variables such as annealing temperatures, times and gas ambinets. the deposited Ti films start to convert into Ti-silicide phases at the annealing temperature of about 450℃, showing sheet resistance of about 1Ω/□ between 750℃ and 850℃ for 20 sec. The annealed samples show the mixed phases of TiSi-TiSi_2(C49) at 500℃ and the (040) oriented growth of TiSi_2(C54) above 700℃. SEM micrographs exhibit that the thickness and resistivity of TiSi_2 annealed at 850℃ for 20 sec is 1500Å(about 2 times of Ti thickness) and 15 μΩ·cm.

당뇨성 흰쥐에서 승홍의 신독성 생성에 관한 연구

정운용,천현욱,김동훈,황기욱,최종원 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏報 Vol.7 No.1

We was investigated the effect on mechanism of nephrotoxicity formation of mercuric chloride by examing the induction of hyperglycemic by streptozotocin(STZ). Male Sprague-Dawley rats(190∼210g), with free access to commercial rat chow (Cheil Foods & Chemical Inc.) and water, were divided into four groups : Group 1 served as STZ; Group 2 received mercuric chloride in hypergycemic animal; Group 3 received mercuric chloride only; Group 4 served as normal. Mercuric chloride treatment in STZ diabetic rats inhibited the rise of BUN, lactate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyltransferase activities in urine. Activities of renal xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase were significant rised by treatment with mercuric chloride in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats, the renal superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities significantly decresed when compared to diabetic group. Concentration of renal tissure was significant increased by treatment with mercuric chloride in STZ-induced diabetic group when compated to diabetic group. These results suggest that mercuric chloride treatment supresses STZ induced changes in nephrotoxicity and the renal metablizing enzymes system.

분말활성탄에 의한 도금폐수의 클로로포름 및 DOC 흡착특성

남우경(Wookyong Nam),김수현(Suhyun Kim),박기범(Kibeum Park),최필권(Philkwon Choi),박현구(Hyungu Park),오민영(Minyoung Oh),서수정(Sujung Seo) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11