분지 폴리카보네이트 합성 및 반응 특성 연구

김환기,김상필,김선호 건국대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.1

The branched polycarbonate was prepared from bisphenol A and trihydroxphenyl co-monomers in batch reactors. The polymerization was based upon phosgenation, followed by condensation with triethylamine as a catalyst. The polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), gel permeation chromatography(GPC), and thermogravimetric analyses(TGA). The relative kinetic studies of branched polycarbonate system that in polycondensation steps the reaction rates are more dependent on the content of branching agent than the corresponding linear polycarbonate. These results illustrate the branched polycarbonate was predominantly formed cyclic oligomers in terms of trihydroxyphenyl comonomer. The melt index ratio(MIR) of branched polycarbonates obtained was in the range of 20~25, which are compatible with application of blow molding.

林土의 有機物의 分解速度와 無機養料의 垂直分布에 關한 考察

金遵敏,張楠基,鄭玩鎬 서울대학교 교육대학원 학술연구회 1966 論文集 - 서울대학교 교육대학원 Vol.3 No.-

Kim Choon Min, Chang Nam Kee and Chung Whan Ho: Decomposition rate of plant residue and the vertical distibution of mineral nutrients in the woodland soil. The relationship between decomposition rate of litter and the amount of mineral nutrients dispersed to the soil horizons were studied on the oak and pine forest stand. The results are as follows: 1. Decomposition rate of litter was highest in the F horizon of the oak stand, however in the pine stand it was highest in H horizon. 2. The correlation coefficients between decomposition rate and humus, organic carbon, moisture content, calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen in the pine stand are; 0.90, 0.98, 0.76, 0.98, and 0.88, in oak stand; 0.97, 0.93, 0.92, 0.97, 0.74 and 0.73. 3. Factors which affect the decomposition rate of litter are humus, organic carbon, moisture content, calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen. 4. Among the variables, PH, moisture content and phosphorus under the oak and pine forest showed significant differences in each horizon. 5. C/N ratio of pine stands is higher than that of oak stands studied. 6. The vertical distribution of mineral nutrients is highly related with the amount of humus accumulated on top soil.

Die funf Hauptthesen in der Padagogik J.H, Pestalozzis

Kim,Chung-Whan 한독교육학회 1996 교육의 이론과 실천 Vol.1 No.1

2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 체육과 교육과정에서 여가활동 수업 방안

김용환(Kim, Yong-whan) 한국체육교육학회 2016 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.20 No.4

신체활동 가치 중심 교육과정에서 여가가치를 실현하기 위한 여가운동 지도방안을 규명하기 위하여 여가활동의 즐거움 찾기, 여가활동의 능력 기르기, 여가 실천하기를 연구 내용으로 하였다. 이러한 연구를 하기 위해서 여가활동을 행복을 느끼는 교육적 과정이라는 관점에서 인지적 정의적 학습을 강조한 좋은 수업모형을 토대로 수업 진행과정별로 의미와 특성을 이해 활동, 여가활동 능력 기르기, 여가 활동 실천하기 단계별로 필요한 여가 학습내용 프로그램을 긍정 심리학의 관점에서 분석하는 문헌 연구를 하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째 여가의 의미와 특성의 이해단계에서는, 여가 가치를 실현하기 위해서 선택된 여가운동을 ‘왜 하는지’의 의미와 특성을 이해할 수 있고 인간의 내재된 유희성을 유발 시켜 움직임 즐거움을 느낄 수 있는 놀이나 게임 활동을 하여야 한다. 이러한 놀이나 게임은 여가와 여가에 대한 역사 철학적 배경지식과 긍정심리학적 지식을 토대로 프로그램이 만들어야 한다. 둘째 여가 활동 능력 기르기 단계에서는 ‘어떻게 하면 여가를 향상 시킬 수 있는지’ 여가 가치인 즐거움을 배가할 수 있는 활동 프로그램 기준은 신체활동의 본질성, 다양성과 새로움임을 알고 여가운동 가치인 의미를 이해하는 인지적 학습이 이루어져야 한다. 여가활동에서 즐거움 실현하기 단계 수업에서는 여가의 가치인 즐거움이 극대화 되도록 몸이 얼마나 다양하고 신체활동의 본질적인 가치에 몰두하는 활동이 이루어지도록 해야한다. 나아가 자신의 여가 활동조건에서 알맞도록 학습자가 스스로가 계획하고 실천해서 평생 여가를 위한 일상적 여가활동을 실천하는 능력을 기르도록 하는 학습자 중심, 사회적 수업이 진행되도록 해야 한다. Purpose: This study was to find the Humanistic approaches to teaching the value-based leisure in the best practice model for unit and lesson planning used for the novice students. Methods: Using Kim"s(2013) previous papers focused on a humanistic approaches of the best practice model for the study of the leisure lesson. The model had been exchanged a model for the teaching of leisure activities games to be in a way of educational conversation linking the mind and body through a delights to adapt to Korean classes to create units of the lesson in leisure activities. The Unit of Leisure Activities was analyzed by Positive Psychology. Conclusion: The implications associated with the finding are following. The approach to learning process required a learner to act the play or games on a base of philosophic and historic knowledge to understand the meaning and characters of leisure and acquire an delights of understandings to open mind by more student centered practice. The units to improve skil lof leisure made learner know the meanings and maximum happiness on criteria to measure and to express the critical delights to link the mind and body by the cognitive and reflective practice. The units to practice leisure required students to indulge the performance level of their leisure.

항암화학요법을 받는 암 환자에 대한 Nucare^R의 영양지지효과

조덕연,김현수,곽상혁,강정현,김철희,배광봉,김종숙,박상준,윤환중,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional support with enteral liquid supplement in cancer patients receving chemotherapy for possible benefit in nutritional, immunologic and golbal function of patients. Patients and Methods : From October 1995 to February 1997, 30 advanced cancer patients receving chemotherapy were divided two roups. The Nycare group, in addition to normal diet, Nucare^R enteral supplement was given for 1week right after chemotherapy for the duration of 2 chemotherapy cycles. Control group received only normal diet without parenteral fluid supplement for 2 chemotherapy cycles. Results : Median ages were 53 end 56 years for Nucare group and Contrl group respectively. Performance scores was less than 2 by ECOG scale. All patients were stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ. The physical parameters, such as weight, arm muscle circumference(AMC) and triceps skin fold(TSF) were decreased in both groups after 2 cycles of anticancer therapy. but it was less severe in Nucare group(p<0.05). Serum transferrin was maintained in mild deficit state in Nucare group, whereas it aggravated form mild to moderate deficit in Control group(p<0.05). Serum albumin level increased in Nucare group without statistical significance. but it decreased from normal to mild deficit in Control group. Serum total protein did not change significantly in Nucare group. but in Control group, serum total protein was decreased from 7.24±0.9 to 6.52±0.5(P<0.05). Total lymphocyte count did not change significantly in both groups. Conclusion : This study shows that the nutritional support with Nucare^R was effective in the prevention of nutritional deficit status in patients receving a nticancer chemotherapy.

병식 평가 척도-한국판(SUMD-K)의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증

송지영,김기태,이서경,김용희,노준호,김종우,장환일,반건호,강원섭 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.4

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Korean version of the Scale to Assessment Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD-K). Methods : The subjects were 55 schizophrenic patients between ages of 26 and 58 who were recruited from the psychiatric unit of the university hospital and the out-patient clinic. The SUMD-K and insight scale of PANSS were applied to the patients. Results : The range of inter-rater (Spearman's rho) of the general items of SUMD-K were .97-.98 on the current illness and .58-.98 on the past illness. The correlation coefficient between the sum and the general items of the SUMD-K showed high scores. The concurrent validity between SUMD-K and insight item of PANSS was high (scores between .59-.96). However,the reliability and the validity of the attribution items of symptoms showed low scores compared to the current symptoms. Conclusion : The SUMD-K was confirmed in its reliability and validity. It can be a useful clinician-rating scale for evaluating insight in schizophrenic patients as well as patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions.

김춘수 시집 『쉰한 편의 비가(悲歌)』의 기호학적 연구

김석환 ( Seok Whan Kim ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2007 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.23

발효조를 이용한 Monascus anka의 적색소와 황색소의 생산

강성국,임종환,정순택,김선재 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Monascus anka를 이용하여 천연식용색소를 대량생산하기 위한 방법을 개발하기 위하여 발효조를 이용하여 적색소와 황색소의 색소생산의 최적 배양 조건과 생산된 색소의 색깔 특성을 조사하였다. Monascus anka 적색소와 황색소를 생산하였는데, 이들 색소는 균체내색소와 균체외 색소로 구분되었다. 균체의 적색소(ERP)는 494nm에서, 균체외 황색소(EYP)는 380nm에서, 균체내 적색소(IRP)는 506nm에서 그리고 균체내 황색소(IYP)는 388nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타냈다. 적색소와 황색소 생산, 색조의 특성 및 균체증식력을 배양 온도, pH, 쌀가루 농도, peptone 농도, magnesium sulfate 농도, 통기량 및 교반속도에 대하여 조사한 결과 적색소 생산력은 30℃, 초기 pH 6.0, 쌀가루 농도 3~5%, peptone 농도 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 농도 0.25%, 통기량 0.1vvm 교반속도 300rpm의 조건에서 최대치를 보였으며, 이때 ERP, EYP, IRP 및 IYP는 각각 A_494nm 0.84, A_380 nm 0.71, A_506 nm 1.18, A_388 nm 1.10, L값은 각각 29.40, 6.44, 34,98, 8.94, a값은 각각 5.76, -1.08, 11.83, -1.55, b값은 각각 18-19, 3.41 27.26, 6.16 그리고 균체량은 7.4 g/l을 보였다. 또한 황색소 생산력은 온도의 경우 적색소 생산을 위한 최적온도 보다 높은 35℃ 부근에서 우수하였으며 초기 pH와 쌀가루 농도는 적색소 생산을 위한 최적조건과 같았고, 질소원과 무기염의 농도가 높을수록 그리고 통기량이 많을수록 황색소 생산력이 우수하였다. 적색소와 황색소 생산을 위한 발효조의 교반속도는 100~300 rpm이 적합하였다. Production of Red and Yellow Pigments from Monascus anda in a Jar Fermenter, Seong-Gook Kang, Jong-Whan Rhim, Soon-Teck Jung^* and Sun-Jae Kim. Department of Food Engineering. Mokpo National University Chonnam, 534-729, Korea - In order to develop the method for mass production of natural food colorant from Monascus anka, optimum cultivation conditions for producing red and yellow pigments by cultivating the mold in a jar fermenter and their color characteristics were investigated. The mold produced red and yellow pigments both intracellularly and extracellularly. These pigments showed unique light absorption characteristics with maximum absorption of 494, 380, 506, and 388 nm for extracellular red pigment (ERP), extracellular yellow pigment (EYP), intracellular red pigment (IRP), and intracellular yellow pigment (IYP), respectively. Optimum conditions for producing red pigments were found to be temperature 30℃, initial pH 6.0, rice powder 3~5%, peptone 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.25%, aeration rate 0.1vvm. Optimum temperature for producing yellow pigments was around 35℃ which is higher than that of producing red pigments. The initial pH rice powder concentration for producing yellow pigments were the same as those of producing red pigments. The higher concentration of nitrogen source and inorganic salt, aeration rate, the more the yellow pigments were produced. Them optimum agitation speed was 100~300 rpm for pigment production.

소아의 상완골 원위부 과간 골절

이우석,정환용,김우식,김용찬,전택수,김남현,김규태 대한골절학회 2004 대한골절학회지 Vol.17 No.4

상완골 원위부 과간 골절은 소아에서는 매우 드물게 발생되는 골절로 대부분 주관절의 굴곡상태로 주관절 후방부에 직접적인 충격에 의해 발생하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 전위가 없거나 경미한 경우 도수적 정복술 혹은 도수적 정복술 후 경피적 핀고정술을 시행하며, 전위가 심한 골절이거나 도수적 정복술이 불가능한 경우 관혈적 정복술 후 핀고정술을 시행하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 전위된 상완골 원위부 과간 골절 환아 2예에서 각각 도수적 정복술과 관혈적 정복술 후 K 강선 고정술을 시행하여 만족한 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus are very rare in children. The pattern of the fracture would suggest that the mechanism of injury involves a fall directly on the flexed elbow. Most agree that the undisplaced fracture can be managed conservatively. With increasing displacement and comminution, the opinions tend to differ. We suggest that closed reduction with percutaneous K wire pinning and open reduction with percutaneous K wire pinning offer a satisfactory methods by which to treat displaced intercondylar fracture in children.

사망률 예측을 위한 모형 비교

박유성,김기환,이동희,이연경,Park Yousung,Kim Kee Whan,Lee Dong-Hee,Lee Yeon Kyung 한국통계학회 2005 응용통계연구 Vol.18 No.3

The Lee and Carter method has widely used to forecast mortality because of the simple structure of model and the stable forecasting. The Lee and Carter method, however, also has limitations. The assumption of the rate of decline in mortality at each age remaining invariant over time has been violated in several decades. And, there is no way to include covariates in the model for better forecasts. Here we introduce Park, Choi and Kim method to make up for Lee and Carter's weak points by using two random processes. We discuss structural features of two methods. furthermore, for each method, we forecast life expectancy for 2005 to 2050 using South Korea data and compare the results. 사망률 예측에 많이 사용되고 있는 Lee and Carter모형은 간결한 구조와 상대적으로 안정적인 예측력을 갖고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 연령별 사망률의 감소속도가 일정하게 유지된다는 가정으로 인하여 최근 연령별 사망률의 감소 패턴을 적절히 반영하지 못하고, 공변량을 사용할 수 없어 예측력을 제고할 수 없다는 제한점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 두 개의 확률과정을 이용하여 Lee and Carter 모형의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 Park, Choi and Kim의 모형을 소개하고 두 모형의 구조적인 특징을 서술하였다. 또한 각 모형에서 우리나라의 자료로 2005에서 2050년까지의 남녀별 예측기대여명을 작성하여 비교하였다.