Shortening in Korean

Weon-Don Jeong 한국음운론학회 1997 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.3 No.-

Jeong, Weon-Don. 1997. Shortening in Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3. 265-277. This paper deals with shortening phenomena in Korean. Among them, we examine formation of shortening, types of shortening, and properties of shortening. First, we show that shortening is often formed by partial deletion and attachment, and sometimes by glide formation. Second, we discuss that shortened forms are found not only in nouns and verbs but also in words and phrases, and that they occur in an optional way and in an obligatory way. Finally, we investigate that shortening is shown in casual style, that it changes form, that it is regarded as a process of deletion and attachment, and that it is not governed by phonological condition. (Semyung University)

백석 시집『사슴』의 시어 양상 연구

박순원(Park, Soon-Weon) 한국시학회 2015 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.44

이 연구는『한국 현대시어 빈도사전』을 활용하여 백석 시집『사슴』의 시어의 양상을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 진행되었다.『사슴』시어의 총량, 품사별 비율, 출현빈도, 반복지수 등을 현대시 코퍼스와 대조하여 그 양상을 구체적으로 드러내는 것이다.『한국 현대시어 빈도사전』은 한국현대시 데이터베이스 구축 사업을 통해 만들어진 한국현대시 코퍼스(Korean Moderen Poetry Corpus : 약칭 KoPoCo)의 시어 빈도에 관한 여러 가지 의미 있는 정보를 모은 것이다. 『사슴』시어의 양상 중 가장 두드러진 특징은 일반명사가 많은 비중을 차지하고 있다는 점과 반복지수가 현저히 낮다는 점을 들 수 있다. 특히 반복지수는 1.58로 매우 낮은 값을 보이고 있으며, 이는 하나의 어휘에 대한 출현빈도가 2회를 넘지 않는다는 것이고, 사슴이 그 시어 총량에 비해 매우 다채로운 언어로 구성되어 있음을 보이는 것이다. 1회 출현빈도 어휘를 조사한 결과 어휘 종수 대비 75%, 출현빈도 대비 45%의 높은 비중을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 사슴에만 쓰인 시어, 즉 백석의 개인 시어라 할 수 있는 어휘도 적지 않은데, 그 중 대부분은 일반명사가 차지하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 그 일반명사 목록을 통해 백석이 그의 초기시에 해당되는 사슴만으로도 우리 현대시어의 확장에 양적으로나 질적으로나 상당한 기여를 하고 있는 것을 쉽게 확인할 수 있었다. 『사슴』의 시어를『한국 현대시어 빈도사전』에서 대조하는 과정에서 몇 가지 문제점이 발견되었다. 단순 오타의 문제, 의미 해석의 문제 등과 더불어 누락되어 찾을 수 없는 경우가 있었고, 그 외에도 표준국어대사전에 등재된 표제어를 기계적으로 적용하여 문제가 될 만한 부분을 확인할 수 있었다. 미처 발견되지 못한 문제가 더 있을 수도 있겠으나, 현재 발견된 어휘 수로는 통계 값 전반을 무의미하게 만들 정도는 아니라고 판단된다. 그러나 이는 반드시 수정, 보완되어야 할 사항으로 보인다. The purpose of this study is to reveal the appearance of poetic words in Deer by using The frequency dictionary for the words of Korea"s modern poetry. The main content is the total amount, parts of speech rate and frequency of appearance of Deer"s poetic words, through contrast with Korean modern poetry poetic words corpus. The frequency dictionary for the words of Korea"s modern poetry is a collection of various information, which is important for the frequency of Korean modern poetry poetic words. The most important features of poetic words in Deer is that the common noun occupies a large proportion and that the number of the words are repeated significantly lower. The number of the words are repeated is 1.58. This is evidence that Deer consists of a wide variety of poetic words. Researching poetic words appeared once, it was confirmed that they are taking a very high proportion. Poetic words used only in Deer is also very much. And most of them are occupied common noun. Through the course of the study progress, it revealed several problems of The frequency dictionary for the words of Korea"s modern poetry. The problem is just misprints and words missing ect. Although minor problems, The wrong part of The frequency dictionary for the words of Korea"s modern poetry must be corrected.

A Study on the Hopfield Neural Scheme for Data Association in Multi­Target Tracking

Lee, Yang­-Weon The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2003 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.7 No.8

In this paper, we have developed the MHDA scheme for data association. This scheme is important in providing a computationally feasible alternative to complete enumeration of JPDA which is intractable. We have proved that given an artificial measurement and track's configuration, MHDA scheme converges to a proper plot in a finite number of iterations. Also, a proper plot which is not the global solution can be corrected by re­initializing one or more times. In this light, even if the performance is enhanced by using the MHDA, we also note that the difficulty in tuning the parameters of the MHDA is critical aspect of this scheme. The difficulty cat however, be overcome by developing suitable automatic instruments that will iteratively verify convergence as the network parameters vary. 본 논문에서는 다중표적 추적을 위한 데이터 결합 기법 중에서 MHDA 스킴을 제안하였다. 이 구조는 기본의 JPDA보다 계산면에서 단축이 가능하여 실제 응용에 많은 적용이 기대된다. 인위적인 측정값과 표적을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 MHDA는 기존의 JPDA보다 성능도 비슷한 특성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

사람唾液의 Cl 血型分泌型에 關한 硏究

朴淳元,韓元東 大韓法醫學會 1979 대한법의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Moon and Wiener had demonstrated new blood factor "Cl" with anti-Cl lectin prepared from extracts of seeds of Korean Clerodendron trichotomum THUNBERG by absorption of selected human red blood cells. After that, Moon et al. had reported that Cl type specific substance in distributed in human saliva, too. Therefore, human saliva can be classified into two type, secretor of Cl (Sc) and non-secretor of Cl (nSc). To study on the frequency of Sc and nSc, relation with ABH type secretor and hereditary pattern of Cl secretors, agglutination inhibition test of anti-Cl lectin was carried out with human saliva by standard method, and the results can be summarized as follows; 1. Cl positive type can be classified secretor and non-secretor of Cl by human saliva, but Cl negative type is reacted as only non-secretor of Cl. 2. The secretor status of Cl is quite different from ABH secretor. 3. It appears that the inheritance of the saliva type of Cl follows the Mendelian law with the non-secretor of Cl transmitted through recessive genes.

지하 교대 기초 구조물의 온도균열지수 해석

박원태 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

Cracking in concrete abutment footing structures is one of the main issues of concrete abutment footing structural design. Thermal stress analysis is used to prevent the thermal crack of abutment footing mat. To avoid thermal crack, methods widely acceptable for practical use are pre-cooling, pipe cooling and control of placing height. The abutment footing mat model for the analysis is 7m x 14m area and 3m height. The analysis results are compared with method of control of lift height and method of pipe cooling. The analysis results show that thermal crack can be removed by method of placing control and pipe cooling at footing mat placed on the ground.

이개 피부 연골 이식술의 다양한 이용도

박원진,이윤호,김병건 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.3

In the case of congenital deformity or acquired complex tissue defect at various head & neck area, grafts, flap, tissue-expander & vascularized composite graft were used for correction of defects & deformities. Among them, when the large defects, flaps & tissue expander were used. When the small defects, skin grafts & composite graft were used. However when reconstruction of minor defects or deformities of eyelid, ear, nose and palate, which is not able to reconstruction with simple grafts, and requires skeletal supports, we have used auricular chondrocutaneous graft. Auricular chondrocutaneous grafts were classified into three type. Type 1 is skin-cartilage balanced form. Type 2 is cartilage excess form, Type 3 is skin excess form. We have used each type in each case. Author successfully treated 10 patients by free chondrocutaneous grafts. Of these. 1)patients who have defects or deformities of nose 2)patients who have defects of deformities of ear 3)patients who have defects of palate 4)patients who have deformities of eyesocket We corrected minor deformities or defects of head & neck area with auricular chondrocutaneous graft and auricular chondrocutaneous grafts provide an excellent & simple method for repair of minor defects & deformities at head & neck area. Thus we represent our methods & cases with review of literature.

血栓症과 打撲性 充血 및 高脂血症에 順氣導痰湯 및 化瘀湯 미치는 影響

朴元煥,崔達永,文濬典 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1993 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.2 No.1

To see both Shunqidaotantang(dissipate phlegm and promote vital energy circulation) and Huayutang(blood circulation and disperse blood stasis) influencing on thrombosis, contusion-hyperemia, and hyperlipidemia, at first we measured the density of FDP, the quantity of fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and the number of platelet of rat taken thrombosis by endotoxin. Secondly we measured the increase-rate of "paw swelling", the number of platelet, the quantity of fibrinogen, and prothrombin time of rat taken contusion-hyperemia. And then we measured the quantity of total cholesterol in serum and of H.D.L-cholesterol and of triglyceride and of phospholipid arid of P-lipoprotein, its weight, and the variation of the quantity of electrolyte of rat taken hyperlipidemia by the oral-injection of choleserol. As a result, we can conclude as follows : 1. Out of the test of thrombosis, we can recognize not only the noticeable increae of the number of platelet and the quantity of fibrinogen, but also the noticeable decrease of prothrornbin tirne and the density of FDP in case of Shunqidaotantang-injected rat and Huayutang-injected rat. 2. Out of the test of contusion-hyperemia, we can recognize not only the noticeable increase of the number of platelet and the quantity of fibrinogen, but also the noticeable decrease of prothrombin time and "increase-rate of paw swelling" in case of Shunqidaotantang-injected rat and Huayutang-injected rat. 3. Out of the test of hyperlipidemia, at first we can recognize that test rat s weight increased as close as that of normal rat. And we can recognize the noticeable decrease of the triglyceride and phospholipid and P-lipoprotein. Also, in case of the variation of electrolyte we can recognize the decrease of calcium and potassium in Shunqidaotantang-injected rat, and of sodium and magnesium in Huayutang-injected rat. Thus, as the above-mentioned, in covering thrombosis, contusion-hypermia, and hyperlipidemia, the effect of Shunqidaotantang and Huayutang can be recognized. Granting that Huayutang reveals its effectiveness in thrombosis and contusion-hyperemia, and Shunqidaotantang in hyperlipidemia, it can be inferred that contusion-hyperemia is like model of blood stasis form as thrombosis and hyperlipidemia "phlegm-retention diseases form", and both phlegm-retention and blood stasis have correlation each other.

구형 Helicobacter pylori의 중성구 매개 산화활성

홍원선,김혜원,이학성,명승재,정훈용,양석균,김진호,민영일,정명희 대한암예방학회 2000 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.5 No.3

특발성 척추측만증에서 견인 흉요추 보조기의 효과

박원욱,남태욱,안성준,유성호,문형근 대한척추외과학회 2003 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.10 No.3

간척지 중염답에서 유수형성기 염처리에 따른 벼 생육 및 수량 변화

최원영,이규성,고종철,김상수,김태수 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 새계화벼를 공시하여 간척지 중염답(0.3~0.4%)에서 관개수 염농도에 따른 생육 및 수량성을 검토하고자 유수형성기에 5일간 염수를 처리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 관개수 염분농도가 높을수록 벼 출수는 1~2일 지연되었고, 출수기 지상부건물중은 가벼워졌다. 2. 간장과 수장은 관개수 염분농도가 높을수록 짧아졌다. 3. 관개수 염분농도가 높을수록 수당 립수가 적어 ㎡당 립수가 적었으며, 등숙비율이 낮고 현미 천립중이 가벼워, 쌀 수량은 민물 관개(무처리)의 330㎏/10a에 비해 관개수 염분농도 0.1%는 94%, 0.3%는 85%, 0.5%는 76%, 0.7%는 71%의 수량을 얻었다. 4. 관개수 염분농도가 높을수록 완전립 비율은 낮아졌다. 따라서 간척지에서 중염도 토양(0.3~0.4%)에서 벼를 재배하여 유수형성기에 한발이 닥쳐 저류지 등 염분 농도 0.7%의 물로 5일간 담수하여도 쌀 수량은 29% 정도 감수되고 쌀의 품위도 저하되지만 어느 정도 수량은 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This experiment was conducted at the Kyehwado Substation of the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station(NHAES) RDA, Korea. The experimental field contained 0.38% NaCl in soil solution. The experiment was involved five treatments (control, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7%) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, saline solution was applied only one time at panicle formation stage for 5 days. Saegyehwabyeo, a japonica rice variety was used in this experiment. In yield components, Spikelets number per ㎡ decreased with increasing salinity level, particularly in the 0.7% of saline solution water. This factor affected the most yield reduction among the components. The percentage of ripened grain was inclined to decrease with increasing salinity level. 1,000 grain weight decreased with increasing salinity level but it was lest affected by salinity among yield components. The reduction of milled rice yield decreased significantly with increased saline water level, in detail 6% of yield reduction at the 0.1% saline solution, 15% at the 0.3%, 24% at the 0.5%, and 29% at the 0.7% saline solution level compared with control respectively. Results indicate that the gaining of rice yield could be reliable performance in terms of economical benefit for rice production even though high reduction of yield occurred at high salinity levels on a reclaimed saline soil in Korea.