부정 접두사 in- 의 위치동화에 나타난 음성·음운론적 특성에 대한 언어 유형적 접근

장우혁(Chang, Woohyeok),심상완(Sangwan Shim) 한국음운론학회 2021 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.27 No.2

In this paper, the presence and absence of place assimilation of the alveolar nasal in the negative prefix in- before stems which begin with a bilabial nasal <m> is discussed by comparing the prefix in Spanish with its occurrence in other languages (English, French, Italian, and Latin). In most languages, the nasal /n/ in the negative prefix in- undergoes place assimilation. However, it is interesting to note that this nasal sound in the Spanish negative prefix does not assimilate to a following bilabial nasal, so the geminate <mm> cannot be detected in Spanish. Phonetically, it has been revealed that the assimilated geminate nasal <mm>, which is produced after applying place assimilation to the nasal in the negative prefix, is not longer than a singleton <m>. Therefore, we can say that it is harder for listeners to perceive an ambisyllabic nasal [m] of the assimilated geminate in other languages than heterosyllabic nasals [n.m] in Spanish. For the phonological analysis, OT has been employed to categorize languages into two types (with or without place assimilation) by differentiating constraint rankings.

인도네시아인 한국어 학습자의 /ㅓ/와 /ㅗ/ 발음에 대한 실험음성학적 연구

Meutia, Fitri,김영주 한국음운론학회 2012 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze Indonesian learners’ ability to recognize the difference between /ʌ/ and /o/ and produce them. The study employed perception test, production test, and phonetic analysis of speech production. There was a significant difference between Korean native speakers’ pronunciation and that of Indonesian learners in pronouncing /ʌ/ and /o/. The study found that Indonesian learners studying Korean less than one year were not able to recognize the difference between /ʌ/ and /o/, and had difficulties in pronouncing them. Indonesian learners who have been studying Korean more than one year were better able to recognize the difference between /ʌ/ and /o/; however, they still had difficulties of producing /ʌ/. The results of the phonetic test showed that there was significant difference between Korean native speakers’ /ʌ/ and Indonesia learners‘ /ʌ/; in contrast, no significant difference was found between Korean native speakers’ /o/ and Indonesia learners’ /o/. Consequently, Indonesian Korean learners have difficulties in perceiving and producing /ʌ/ and the difficulties still linger even when the period of studying was long.

한국어 기식음의 모음 앞 약화 현상에 대한 음운론적해석

박재익(Park, Jae-Ick) 한국음운론학회 2014 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study is to provide the results of the survey on aspiration lenition phenomenon found in Korean speakers and to try to give a phonological theoretic explanation for the characteristics of the results. The results come from the speech data of 120 people from Cholla, Kyungsang and Seoul dialects, male and female, and in two generations. The findings of the survey were: (1) There is a meaningful difference among the aspirated consonants of four different places of articulation, (2) The combination of a noun and a case marker produces more lenition than the combination of a verb and an ending, (3) Lexically aspirated consonants are more likely to weaken to unaspirated than phonologically driven aspirated consonants by coalescence, (4) Verbs with complex coda tend to lose their aspiration more than verbs with the coda of a single consonant, (5) The older generation produces more aspiration lenition than the younger generation. The explanation for the findings is provided in terms of a possible engagement of VOT difference, analogy, the status or frequency of the morpheme boundary, generation difference and perspectives of the aspirated consonants. The implications of the aspiration lenition are also supported by synchronic and diachronic evidence such as emphatic forms with aspiration, spirantization, and spelling errors and hypercorrection. With regards to theoretical approach on the aspiration lenition, the serial derivational rules can derive most of the variants found in the survey, but they cannot account for the forms made by the revival of aspiration after neutralization at the morpheme boundary. Traditional optimality theory selects the most optimal form as an output, but since individuals and groups of people uttered various output forms from the same input, the theory should be adjusted to accommodate all acceptable candidates.

한국 음운론 연구(1995-2014) 관찰

김선회(Kim, Sun-Hoi) 한국음운론학회 2015 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.21 No.1

This study explores the characteristics and trends of academic research in phonology over a period of twenty years in Korea, quantitatively investigating 435 articles published in Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology from 1995 to 2014 by The Phonology - Morphology Circle of Korea. The investigation focuses on the words and phrases contained in the article titles. Their occurrence frequencies are counted and their co-occurrence networks are analyzed with measurements of meaningful index values such as degree, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality and edge weight. The study shows that the trends and directions of academic research in phonology in Korea have changed not radically but steadily and dynamically. While Optimality Theory-related words and phrases occurred frequently in article titles and played an important role in the network structure of co-occurring words and phrases before the period of 2010-2014, during this period Optimality Theory gave way to English-Korean inter-language studies of perception and production, an area towards which academic interest has steadily increased since 2000.

초점 발화시 한국인 화자와 일본인 학습자의 한국어 모음 포먼트 실현

김희성(Kim Heesung),송지연(Song Jiyeon),김기호(Kim Kee-Ho) 한국음운론학회 2006 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.12 No.3

  The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the formant characteristics of Korean monophthong vowels spoken by Japanese learners in focused words and to compare the characteristics of vowels by Japanese with those by Korean native speakers. The data are eight Korean vowels without focus and same vowels with focus. In this study, formant frequencies of the vowels were measured by Wave Surfer. The results of this study showed that for the Koreans, the F1 rising ratio of focused vowels, which is closely correlated with the degree of mouth opening at the lips, was getting significantly higher than that of unfocused vowel. That is, the lower the vowels are, the higher F1 rising ratio are. However, F2 ratio of focused vowels, which is correlated with the frontness of the tongue, was not affected by the focus at all. For the Japanese learners of Korean, the F1 of a focused vowel was getting higher in the rising ratio but, it was not significantly different in the statistics, and F2 did not show a certain tendency. As a result, F1 was the one that shows the crucial difference between Korean native speakers and Japanese Korean learners in focused word.

한국어의 어휘계층과 음운론적 복잡성

박선우,홍성훈,변군혁 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.2

This paper explores the structure of the Korean lexicon based on the notion of "Phonological Complexity (PC)." The Korean lexicon is composed of three lexical strata: native and Sino-Korean words, and loanwords. For this study, we obtain 500 most frequent nouns for each class from the word list compiled by Kang and Kim (2004). We then calculate the PC values of the selected nouns using the bigram model proposed by Goldsmith (2002). A comparison of the PC values reveals that the average PC value is highest for loanwords, and lowest for Sino-Korean. The average PC value of native nouns is placed in the middle, and in fact, the PC values of native vocabulary are distributed widely from low to high values. The distribution of native nouns is in contrast with the distributions of loanwords and Sino-Korean, which are biased toward high and low PC values, respectively. Considering the relation between PC and markedness, we assert that Sino-Korean vocabulary is clustered around the unmarked portion of the lexicon, while loanwords are predominantly placed in the marked portion of the lexicon. Native vocabulary, on the other hand, is distributed in both marked and unmarked parts of the lexicon. (Hanshin University and Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

한국어의 이중모음 체계에 대한 제약기반적 분석

박선우(Park Sunwoo) 한국음운론학회 2007 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.13 No.2

This paper introduces an alternative analysis of Korean diphthong system. There are two kinds of diphthong systems in Korean. One is j-initial system and the other is w-initial system. Again, these diphthong systems can be classified into two systems, monophthongized and intact. To account for two diphthong systems, this paper attempts constraint-based analysis based on perceptual and articulatory constraints. I show that the interaction HEAR CLEAR and *EFFORT (Minkova and Stockwell 2003), and IDENT-IO (CONTRAST), which bans merger between diphthong and monophthong, results in different four diphthong systems. The optimal diphthong systems are affected by the rank of IDENT-IO (CONTRAST) on hierarchy. The ranking of IDENT-IO (CONTRAST) among HEAR CLEAR constraints selects an intact diphthong system or partly monophthongized systems. On the other hand, the dominance of HEAR CLEAR and *EFFORT over IDENT-IO (CONTRAST) selects a fully monophthongized system.

최적성이론을 통한 혼성어 형성의 분석

김영준(Kim, Yeong-Joon) 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.3

In this paper, I want to show an aspect of grammaticality with regard to word-formation of lexical blends. There are a few advanced researches which used constraint-based theories to find out the peculiar characters of lexical blends. The researches, however, are to some extent restricted to researcher’s own cases and did not propose universality in the blend-formation process. I would like to suggest some generalized constraints related to lexical blends formation, mainly based on Korean blends corpus and some cases from Japanese. These generalizations show an important role of overlapping and faithfulness constraints in the process of word-formation of lexical blends.

폐쇄음으로 시작하는 영어 자음 연쇄의 한국어 차용

오미라(Oh, Mira) 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.1

Many studies claim that loanword adaptation is perceptual mapping (Silverman 1992, Peperkamp et al. 2008) and relies crucially on fine-grained acoustic similarity (Kim and Curtis 2001, Boersma and Hamann 2009). By investigating loanword adaptation of stopinitial clusters from English into Korean with respect to vowel epenthesis, this paper aims to answer two questions. First, can the perceptual approach proposed by many researchers fully account for vowel epenthesis in loanword adaptation? Second, are the stop-initial clusters from English loaned in the same way into Korean regardless of their morphological structure? Close examination of loanword adaptation of stopstop and stop-nasal sequences of English into Korean reveals three findings. Firstly, not all vowel epentheses result from perceptual epenthesis. Secondly, the recoverability of source sounds pushes the adapters away from application of native phonological processes, which are prevalent in native phonology, in the direction of epentheses, in which the identity of the preconsonantal stop is better encoded in loanwords. Thirdly, morphological structure of a source word plays a role in segmental mapping in loanword adaptation. (Chonnam National University)

통사적 환경과 음운론적으로 조건화되지 않은 경음화

우순조(Woo Soon-Jo) 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.3

This paper argues that phonologically unconditioned tensification functions as a marker of syntactic boundaries in both compounds and syntactic constructions. To prove the argument, this paper sets up a working hypothesis, and shows that it correctly predicts the occurrence of the tensification. The hypothesis, named syntactic environment hypothesis, predicts that phonologically unconditioned tensification takes place at syntactic boundaries. For example, it predicts that the tensification in point never occurs between verb roots and derivational suffixes because the morpheme sequence forms a morphological structure. It also predicts that the tensification occurs at syntactic boundaries. One of the syntactic boundaries lies between the misleadingly called verbal stems and endings. This conception is supported by independent syntactic evidence. The hypothesis provides a better understanding of phonologically unconditioned tensification in compound constructions. That is, compounds originating from syntactic constructions show tensificiation, while typical compounds do not.