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Cavity Location Method for Operational Metro Tunnels Based on Perturbation Theory
Ling Wan,Xiongyao Xie,Lujun Wang,Pan Li,Hua Yin 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.6
Disease in the liner back cavities of operational metro tunnels is alternately affected by groundwater environment, train cyclic load, and ambient environment conditions. Cavity disease is characterized by high levels of hiddenness and uncertainty; it also easily induces other tunnel diseases which can reduce the structure’s bearing capacity and degrade structural safety and stability throughout the tunnel. This paper proposes a novel cavity-locating method for operational shield tunnels, with special focus on single- and multiple-cavity diseases. Based on perturbation theory, dynamic behaviors (modal frequencies and shapes) of different cavity cases were obtained from an analytical model of the original tunnel structure. A modal strain energy cavity indicator (MSECI) was established to reveal the locations of both single cavity and multiple cavities. A typical shield tunnel was modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam on a Winkler foundation and evaluated to validate the proposed method. The perturbation theory appears to effectively characterize the dynamic characteristics of liner back cavities in metro tunnels. MSECI can be used to locate cavities accurately. This work may provide a valuable theoretical basis for the detection and analysis of tunnel cavity disease and other tunnel health-monitoring applications.
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Does Spore Count Matter in Fungal Allergy?: The Role of Allergenic Fungal Species
Wan-Rou Lin,Yi-Hsing Chen,Mey-Fann Lee,Ling-Yi Hsu,Chih-Jen Tien,Feng-Ming Shih,Shih-Ching Hsiao,Pi-Han Wang 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.8 No.5
Purpose: Fungi have been known to be important aeroallergens for hundreds of years. Most studies have focused on total fungal concentration; however, the concentration of specific allergenic fungi may be more important on an individual basis. Methods: Ten fungal allergic patients and 2 non-fungal allergic patients were enrolled. The patients with a decrease in physician or patient global assessment by more than 50% of their personal best were considered to have an exacerbation of allergic symptoms and to be in the active stage. Those who maintained their physician and patient global assessment scores at their personal best for more than 3 months were considered to be in the inactive stage. The concentrations of dominant fungi in the patients’ houses and outdoors were measured by direct and viable counts at active and inactive stages. Results: The exacerbation of allergic symptoms was not correlated with total fungal spore concentration or the indoor/outdoor ratio (I/O). Specific fungi, such as Cladosporium oxysporum (C. oxyspurum), C. cladosporioides, and Aspergillus niger (A. niger), were found to be significantly higher concentrations in the active stage than in the inactive stage. Presumed allergenic spore concentration threshold levels were 100 CFU/m3 for C. oxysporum, and 10 CFU/m3 for A. niger, Penicillium brevicompactum and Penicillium oxalicum. Conclusions: The major factor causing exacerbation of allergic symptoms in established fungal allergic patients may be the spore concentration of specific allergenic fungi rather than the total fungal concentration. These results may be useful in making recommendations as regards environmental control for fungal allergic patients.
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Ling Wan,Xiongyao Xie,Lujun Wang,Pan Li,Yong Lu 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.1
The structural health of operational metro tunnels is closely related to public safety. Prior research has focused on the locations of structural damage, but few researchers have examined both the location of damage and identifying the degree of damage, especially in metro shield tunnels. This paper proposes a new method for identifying structural damage that entails locating and detecting the degradation of tunnel performance, with a special focus on characterizing the degree of damage. First, the dynamic behaviors (modal frequencies and shapes) of different damage levels are obtained from an analytical model of the original tunnel structure. Second, a modal strain energy damage indicator (MSEDI) is introduced to locate the damage, regardless of size. Once the location of the damage is identified using MSEDI, a fuzzy logic-based damage identification (FLBDI) method is used to determine the actual extent of the damage. Finally, a simplified model of the tunnel is created using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Winkler’s foundation, to further test the procedure under an incomplete modal information condition and with differing noise levels. The results reveal that the fuzzy logic-based system can identify the degree of damage and structural degradation with very high accuracy, in which the location of damage and the prediction of performance degradation is satisfactorily confirmed.
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Liao, Wan-Qin,Liang, Xu-Fang,Wang, Lin,Fang, Ling,Lin, Xiaotao,Bai, Junjie,Jian, Qing Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2006 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.39 No.4
The full-length cDNA of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was obtained from liver. The grass carp UCP2 cDNA was determined to be 1152 bp in length with an open reading frame that encodes 310 amino acids. Five introns (Intron 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) in the translated region, and partial sequence of Intron 2 in the untranslated region of grass carp UCP2 gene were also obtained. Gene structure comparison between grass carp and mammalian (human and mouse) UCP2 gene shows that, the UCP2 gene structure of grass carp is much similar to that of human and mouse. Partial UCP2 cDNA sequences of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and mud carp (Cirrhinus molitorella), were further determined. Together with the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) UCP2 sequence from GenBank (AJ243486), multiple alignment result shows that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the UCP2 gene, were highly conserved among the five major Chinese carps that belong to four subfamilies. Using beta-actin as control, the ratio UCP2/beta-actin mRNA (%) was determined to be $149.4{\pm}15.6$ (common carp), $127.4{\pm}22.1$ (mud carp), $96.7{\pm}12.7$ (silver carp), $94.1{\pm}26.8$ (bighead carp) and $63.7{\pm}16.2$ (grass carp). The relative liver UCP2 expression of the five major Chinese carps, shows a close relationship with their food habit: benthos and detrituseating fish (common carp and mud carp) > planktivorious fish (silver carp and bighead carp) > herbivorious fish (grass carp). We suggest that liver UCP2 might be important for Chinese carps to detoxify cyanotoxins and bacteria in debris and plankton food.
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Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma: Estrogen Receptors
Zhang, Ling-Qiang,Zhang, Xiu-De,Xu, Jia,Wan, Yong,Qu, Kai,Zhang, Jing-Yao,Wang, Zhi-Xin,Wei, Ji-Chao,Meng, Fan-Di,Tai, Ming-Hui,Zhou, Lei,Liu, Chang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4
Gallbladder carcinoma, the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract system, has always been considered to feature late clinical presentation and diagnosis, limited treatment options and an extremely poor prognosis. In recent years, while the incidence of gallbladder cancer has appeared to be on the increase, the available treatment methods have not greatly improved survival of the affected patients. Thus, exploring new therapeutic targets for this devastating disease is an urgent matter at present. Epidemical studies have demonstrated that the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma exhibits a distinct gender bias, affecting females two to three times more than males, pointing to crucial roles of estrogen. It is well known that estrogen acts on target tissues by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs), which are mainly divided into three subtypes, $ER{\alpha}$, $ER{\beta}$ and $ER{\gamma}$. $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ appear to have overlapping but also unique even opposite biological effects. As important pathogenic mediators, ERs have been considered to relate to several kinds of tumors. In gallbladder carcinoma tissue, ERs have been shown to be positively expressed, and ERs expression levels are associated with differentiation and prognosis of this cancer. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of estrogen inducing growth of gallbladder carcinoma remain poorly understood. On the base of the current investigations, we deduce that estrogen participates in promotion of gallbladder carcinoma by influencing the formation of gallstones, stimulating angiogenesis, and promoting abnormal proliferation. Since ERs mediate the carcinogenic actions of estrogen in gallbladder, and therapy targeting ERs may provide new directions for gallbladder carcinoma. Therefore, it should be stressed that ERs are potential therapeutic targets for gallbladder carcinoma.
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A Critical Role of OsMADS1 in the Development of the Body of the Palea in Rice
Jianmin Wan,Wenwei Zhang,Jie Zhang,Yue Cai,Haigang Yan,Jie Jin,Xiaoman You,Liang Wang,Fei Kong,Ming Zheng,Guoxiang Wang,Ling Jiang 한국식물학회 2018 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.61 No.1
OsMADS1 plays crucial roles in the specification of floral organ identity and the determinacy of floral meristem in rice (Oryza sativa). Here we isolated a rice mutant cy15 with defective spikelets. Map-based cloning identified cy15 as a novel mutation in the C terminus of OsMADS1. Severe cy15 spikelets contained normal inner whorl organs but defective paleas, opposite to four abnormal whorls of Osmads1 flowers reported previously. In the cy15 spikelets, the size of the body was remarkably reduced in paleas, indicating a critical role of OsMADS1 in its differentiation. Moreover, the development of palea was impaired in the early stage of the cy15 spikelets. The sub-subcellular location of the mutant OsMADS1 was also affected in cy15. On the other hand, the truncated C terminus of the mutant OsMADS1 from cy15 still showed a significant transcriptional activator function. Meanwhile, though the mutant OsMADS1 retained intact M, I and K domains, its interactions with two highly homologous A-class proteins, OsMADS15 or OsMADS14, were weakened or abolished. Our data suggested that the C-terminal sequence of OsMADS1 might be required for maintaining normal morphology of spikelets in rice.
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Imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer on EAST
Shi, Yuejiang,Wang, Fudi,Wan, Baonian,Bitter, Manfred,Lee, Sanggon,Bak, Jungyo,Hill, Kennith,Fu, Jia,Li, Yingying,Zhang, Wei,Ti, Ang,Ling, Bili Published jointly by The Institute of Physics and 2010 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.52 No.8
<P>A high-resolution imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer is described for implementation on the EAST tokamak to provide spatially and temporally resolved data on the ion temperature, electron temperature and poloidal plasma rotation. These data are derived from observations of the satellite spectra of helium-like argon, Ar XVII, which is the dominant charge state for electron temperatures in the range from 0.4 to 3.0 keV and which is accessible to EAST. Employing a novel design, which is based on the imaging properties of spherically bent crystals, the spectrometers will provide spectrally and spatially resolved images of the plasma for all experimental conditions, which include ohmically heated discharges as well as plasmas with rf and neutral-beam heating. The experimental setup and initial experimental results are presented.</P>
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Weili Shao,Wanli Yue,Gaihuan Ren,Chen Cui,Junpeng Xiong,Ling Wang,Tong Lu,Wanjun Bu,Fan Liu,Jianxin He 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.5
Electrospun nanofibers are widely used in air-filtration materials because of their fine fiber diameter, small poresize, and high porosity. However, nanofiber membranes exhibit a dense structure, such that they present a large resistance toany air flow. In this study, we set out to design and develop composite nanofiber materials with fluffy structures, as well asblended structures of coarse and fine fibers, through electrospinning technology. These materials could be used in airfiltration applications, given that they offer high efficiency and low resistance. The results show that, compared with purePAN nanofibers, the diameter of PAN nanofibers doped with CNT decreased from 192.36 to 124.37 nm; when the spinningratio of PS coarse fiber (1053 nm) and PAN/CNT fine fiber is 3:1, the resulting nanofiber membrane materials has an obviousthree-dimensional structure, with a specific surface area of 103.16 m2/g, a pore size of 2.25 μm, and a quality factor of0.0947 Pa-1. Under test conditions featuring an air flow of 32 L/min, and 0.3 μm NaCl aerosol particles, the filtrationefficiency was 99.37 % and the resistance was 35 Pa. Furthermore, the dust-holding capacity of the nanofiber air-filter paperwas found to be almost the same as that of melt-blown air-filter papers. Even after being water-soaked 50 times, the filteringefficiency of the nanofiber air-filter paper was still higher. Interestingly, the nanofiber membrane materials doped with CNTalso exhibited excellent sound-absorption abilities. Thus, the composite nanofiber material could potentially be applied toareas with serious air pollution and high noise pollution.
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