인식 정당성의 의무론적 이해에 대한 비판과 대안

이해완(Lee, Hae-Wan) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2013 철학사상 Vol.50 No.-

이 글은 ‘인식 정당성’을 의무론적으로 이해하려는 이병덕과 임일환의 최근 논의를 비판적으로 검토한다. 잘 알려진 대로, 인식적 의무의 준수가 진리연관적이지 않다는 점과 믿음의 생성과 소멸을 의지적으로 통제할 수 없다는 점은 의무론적 이해에 대한 두 개의 주요한 반론이다. 이 글에서는 의무와 진리연관성을 직접 연결시키려는 듯 보이는 이병덕의 시도와 약한 인식적 의무를 주장하는 임일환의 입장이 모두 여전히 이 반론들을 극복하지 못하고 있음이 논증될 것이다. 보다 근본적인 차원에서 인식 정당성에 관한 소위 ‘포기할 수 없는 직관’으로 알려진 것의 근원들을 재검토해 본다면, 지식의 규범성이 반드시 의무 개념과 연계되어 이해되어야 할 필요는 없다는 점이 드러날 수 있을 것이다. 그로부터 출발하여 필자는 인식정당성에 대한 새로운 이해의 한 방향을 제안한다. 필자의 견해로는 믿음은 그 생성의 국면과 유지의 국면을 구별할 수 있는데, 진리연관성의 확보와 우연성의 배제를 위해 이 두 국면이 모두 평가될 필요가 있고, 이 두 국면에서 모두 좋은 믿음이 되는 것이 지식을 위해 필요하다. 믿음의 생성 국면은 기존의 정당화에 대한 신빙성 이론의 제안과 유사하게 평가될 수 있으며 그 결과 진리연관성을 확보할 수 있게 된다. 한편 유지 국면의 적절성을 외재론적으로 평가하는 것을 통해, 의무론적 이해의 옹호자들이 지식의 규범성과 관련하여 가지고 있는 통찰은 존중하되 그것이 ‘인식적 의무’와 같은 개념에 의존하지 않으면서도 설명될 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 한다. 이 작업이 외재론적 틀 내에서 내재론의 착안점을 수용할 수 있는 이론의 가능성을 타진해 보는 시도가 될 수 있었으면 한다. This paper critically reviews two recently proposed, duty-based understandings on epistemic justification, one by Beong-Deok Lee and the other by Il-Hwan Rim. Having difficulty in securing truthconduciveness has been the major weakness of such deontological conceptions of justification. The fact that beliefs are formed involuntarily also casts a serious doubt on the concepts of epistemic duty. I argue that, unfortunately, those two new suggestions by Lee and by Rim still cannot live up to their billings by being susceptible to these already known attacks. Lee’s attempt to directly connect duty to truth-conduciveness fails, and Rim’s dependence on the concept of weak epistemic duty cannot circumvent the criticism of involuntarism, as he has intended. On the basis of this review, I propose a new way to understand epistemic justification. It is my contention that the concept of epistemic justification may be so technical that it is not guided by the intuition of justification (as there is none) but rather constructed artificially in accordance with what we think is needed for a true belief to become knowledge. What we need is truth conduciveness and, if a true belief is acquired by chance and/or maintained by chance, ways to get rid of relevant accidentality are involved. Thus I think that a belief should be evaluated as being good in the phase of both its acquisition and its maintenance in order to see if it qualifies as knowledge. A good belief in its acquisition phase may well be a belief produced by a reliable beliefforming process so that we can secure the truth-conduciveness. I suggest that a good belief in the maintenance phase can also be evaluated in an externalist’s perspective so that we can eliminate the involvement of a kind of accidentality, which in turn is a way to capture what deontologists want to hold as being epistemically important. The difference is that my proposal does not rely on the problematic conceptof epistemic duty.

體格과 家庭環境과의 相關關係

李完燮,李完熙 江原大學校附設體力硏究所 1978 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.3

Long-Run and Short-Run Dynamics Relationships between Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Foreign Direct Investment Flows in China

Lee,Jung Wan,Brahmasrene,Tantatape 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

This research explores the short-run and long-run dynamic relationships between exchange rate fluctuations and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in China. Monthly time series data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China are analyzed by employing co-integration tests, vector error correction models, Wald tests and impulse responses. The empirical results indicate that a change in exchange rates negatively affects FDI inflows in the long run while there exists no evidence of short-run dynamics and reciprocal feedback between exchange rate fluctuations and FDI inflows. Furthermore, a structural break occurs during the 2007-2009 Asian financial crisis shock to FDI inflows in China.

신부전이 동반된 당뇨병 환자에서 발생된 침습성 모균증 : 수술과 Liposomal amphotericin B 및 GM-CSF 병합 요법에 의한 성공적인 치험 1예

이원영,오기원,임국희,장재혁,이동건,최정현,강무일,신완식,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.4

저자들은 신부전이 동반된 당뇨병 환자에서 발생된 부비동형 모균증에 대하여 수술과 함께 liposomal amphotericin B 및 GM-CSF의 복합치료를 하여 성공적으로 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) primarily affects diabetic or immunocompromised patients and typically progresses rapidly, necessitating surgical excision and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B. Large doses of amphotericin B are needed for cure, but it has the risk of causing significant renal toxicity. The recent development of liposomal amphotericin B allows antifungal therapy to be administered with potentially improved efficacy and reduced nephrotoxicity. We have experienced a case of paranasal mucormycosis successfully treated with surgery, liposomal amphotericin B and GM-CSF. A 59-year-old male suffering from diabetes mellitus for 6 years was admitted with pain at left maxillary area. He was diagnosed as mucormycosis after cytologic exam on the necrotic nasal mucosa, which showed typical hyphae. He have had diabetic nephropathy with macroproteinuria and had rapidly rising serum creatinine levels with the amphotericin B treatment: creatinine levels reverted to basal level with the use of liposomal amphotericin B. Despite surgical excision and continued antifungal therapy, his infection was not effectively controlled. Therefore, GM-CSF was administered additionally to improve phagocytic activity of leukocytes. He was finally cured after receiving a combination of aggressive surgery, liposomal amphotericin B and GM-CSF. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed clinical description of the treatment of mucormycosis with liposomal amphotericin B in Korea.

Firmware Design for Portable PCR Devices Controlled by Smart Phones through Wireless Communication

Wan Yeon Lee1,Min Ja Kim,YoungWoong Ko,Jong Dae Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.11

In this paper, we design and implement a firmware for portable PCR devices that is controlled by a smart phone. The firmware has the host-local structure in which the firmware receives operation commands from the smart phone and sends operation results to the smart phone through Bluetooth communication. The firmware is designed to accommodate unstable wireless communication of Bluetooth. We implement a low-cost small PCR device with the proposed firmware on microchip PIC18F4550, and verify that the implemented PCR device significantly re

WELCOME MESSAGE

Lee,Jung Wan,Hoang,Duc Long,Bui,Van Quyen 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

사회복지 지방이양사업과 지방복지재정위기에 관한 연구

이재완(Lee, Jae-Wan) 한국지역사회복지학회 2010 한국지역사회복지학 Vol.0 No.35

본 연구는 사회복지지방이양사업 실시에 따른 지방복지재정의 위기를 규명하고자 하였다. 특히 현 정부의 감세정책으로 인해 지방재정의 재원감소가 초래되고 있다. 즉, 각종 세원(법인세, 소득세, 양도세, 종부세 등)의 세율인하로 국세가 줄어들어 자동적으로 지방 재정에 대한 이전재원이 줄어드는 결과를 초래하고 있다. 결국 사회복지분야 사업이 대폭지방으로 이양되어 있는 상황에서 지방재원의 감소는 지방정부의 복지관련 지출의 축소로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지방정부의 사회복지불균형의 실태를 고찰하고, 이러한 상황을 해소하기 위해 중앙정부의 재정지원방식에 대해 검토하였다. 또한 사회복지 지방이양사업 선정의 비합리성과 이명박 정부의 감세정책으로 지방복지재정의 위기가 나타나고 있음을 규명하였다. 현재의 지방복지재정의 여건을 고려할 때 중앙정부와 지방정부의 역할분담의 재설정이 필요하다. 즉, 사회복지서비스의 재정책임은 중앙정부가 부담하고 서비스의 공급은 지방정부가 분담하는 방안이다. 이에 대한 구체적인 방안마련을 위한 학제적 연구의 필요성이 요청된다. This study is purposed to identify the financial crisis of local government according to the implementation of the act which is shifting responsibility for social welfare services from the central government to local government. The tax duction policy of the Lee"s administration causes financial deficit in local government because of the decrease in funding resources in local government. The financial difficulty in local government has negative effects on the social welfare expenditure. Under this consideration, this study is looking at the unbalance in social welfare expenditures in local government and examining the financial support system of the central government to solve the financial problem in local government. In addition, this study is examining the negative effects of tax deduction policy on the financial solvency in local government. Based on that, this study suggests role dividing between central and local government in providing social welfare services. The central government must have responsibilities in financial aspects. On the contrary, the local government must be more focused on providing social welfare services.

초음속 유동장치의 설계 및 성능시험

박종호,이성노,이정민,이택상,신완순 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.14 No.2

Theoretical analysis, design and evaluation of a supersonic cold-flow system were conducted. It is designed to study of jet-vane for Thust Vector Control system, but a design process is similar general that of supersonic cold-flow system. The nozzle for this system was designed same exit Mach number as that of real rocket motor, because the jet boundary of designed nozzle approximated to real jet boundary very closely. The working gas is air exit Mach No. is 2.88, and nozzle chamber volume is 1.5ℓ. From the result, proper test time is about 0.3 seconds, low pressure chamber pressure and the measured axial thrust are appeared to 83% and 83.7% of the theoretical data respectively. It is due to pressure loss in sudden divergent-convergent section.

Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

건축공사시방서에서의 KS규격의 국제인증방안에 관한 연구

김경식,이재섭,김용수,이규진,조용훈,최완철,전재열,이현수,구재동,이기환 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this research is make out construction specifications for International Construction. Using off-shore products incur cost increase and longer delivery term of construction. and inconvenient on International Construction. Expand the range of additional local products conforming to performance. Life Cycle Cost. maintainability. operability. user's acceptability, etc.. And this study is suggest the standard formats and the techniques for construction specification.