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Potential of Anaerobic Biological Gas Generation of Waste in the Landfill under Post Closure Care
Tomonori Ishigaki,Masahiro Sato,Kazuto Endo,Masato Yamada,Hiroyuki Ishimori 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.2
Stabilization of landfill gas (LFG) generation is recognized as the critical indicator to evaluate the future possibility of environmental impact from the waste landfill. In comparison with leachate quality, the amount of LFG generation is considered more difficult to integrate the sequential monitoring results. Spatially and temporal high variation of the LFG generation and the emission would be influenced by the micrometeorological condition. One of the helpful information to predict the behavior of LFG generation is to estimate the remaining of LFG source in the waste. Biological degradation should decrease the amount of component that should be transformed LFG in the waste. Hence, the LFG generation potential of waste in landfill must be gradually decreased as time goes on. In order to support the assessment of the landfill stability from the viewpoint of LFG, the estimation of the potential of LFG generation of the landfilled waste has been investigated at the landfills that was received the waste incineration ash, slag, C&D inert residue, dredged soil, and so on. The LFG emission behavior has been predicted by using the remaining LFG potential, and it was validated by the investigation of surface LFG emission. Degraded organics by anaerobic incubation had been calculated by Buswell's theoretical equation (Bockreis, et al. 2007). Objected samples that were excavated from 10-15 years old waste layer have shown the little potential of LFG generation (Table 1). A highest content of gasified organics was observed for 2.0m depth of C10 though it was less than 1% of the total weight of sample (dry weight). It would be strongly attributed to intensive pretreatment of waste before the landfilling. Since the landfill operator required the strict quality control for the waste to be disposed of, the content of organics in the waste should be enough low at the initial phase of landfill management. In addition, the effort of the landfill management to promote the biodegradation, such as the lowering of the water level in landfill layer, or ventilation of LFG, had contributed to reduce the biodegradable organics. Fig.1 shows the prediction of methane emission from the landfill. It also exhibited results of investigation of surface LFG emission. The prediction of landfill methane emission was developed by using the parameter that was obtained from excavated waste.
Management of Flood Waste in Small and Medium Scale Asian Cities in Tropical Region
( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Kosuke Kawai ),( Rieko Kubota ),( Komsilp Wangyao ),( Pham Khac Lieu ),( Sirintornthep Towprayoon ),( Chart Chiemchaisri ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
This study reports on the challenges to a model of resilient and adaptable SWM against flood in Asian tropical/pluvial countries, in order to adapt to frequent flood events that would be influenced by climate change. Collapse of Solid waste management by sudden natural disasters will directly lead to collapse of city. Here we have summarized some cases of flood waste handlings in tropical Asian cities that were attacked by flood disasters recently. Mega-scale city like Bangkok should have enough capacity to handle of flood waste though the inundation of some part of capital must be a considerable worst situation. In contrast, small and medium scale cities easily lost their ability to administrate under flooding situation if the prepared ness was not sufficient. Situation of "vulnerable" against to flood must be improved for quick recovery from disaster, and waste management systems is also expected to be more resilient. The goal of this study is to draw a scheme of guidance to improve or upgrade the solid waste management system in middle or small scale cities that leads the cities to be resilient against to flood.
Tomonori Tetsunaga,Toru Sato,Naofumi Shiota,Tomoko Tetsunaga,Masahiro Yoshida,Yoshiki Okazaki,Kazuki Yamada 대한정형외과학회 2015 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.7 No.2
Postoperative pain relief can be achieved with various modalities. However, there are only few reports that have analyzed postoperative analgesic techniques in total hip arthroplasty patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of three different analgesic techniques after total hip arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the influence of three analgesic techniques on postoperative rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty in 90 patients divided into three groups (n = 30 patients per group). Postoperative analgesia consisted of continuous epidural analgesia (Epi group), patient-controlled analgesia with morphine (PCA group), or a continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB group). We measured the following parameters relating to postoperative outcome: visual analog scale scores, the use of supplemental analgesia, side effects, length of the hospital stay, plasma D-dimer levels, and the Harris hip score. Results: Each group had low pain scores with no significant differences between the groups. The PCA group had a lower frequency of supplemental analgesia use compared to the Epi and CFNB groups. Side effects (nausea/vomiting, inappetence) and day 7 D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the CFNB group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the length of the hospital stay or the Harris hip score. Conclusions: Although there were no clinically significant differences in outcomes between the three groups, the CFNB provided good pain relief which was equal to that of the other analgesics with fewer side effects and lower D-dimer levels in hospitalized patients following total hip arthroplasty.
Behavior of Green House Gas Emission from Temporary Storage Sites for Disaster Waste Management
( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Masahiro Sato ),( Yuka Ogata ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2014 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2014 No.1
Huge amount of disaster waste was generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. It was estimated that 20 million tons of disaster waste and 10 million tons of Tsunami debris has been generated at devastated area. Since local capacity of waste treatment was deficient for such a large quantity of disaster waste, temporary storage must be necessary until the establishment of appropriate management scheme. During a few year storage of disaster waste, several environmental impacts could be concerned. One of global impacts is the emission of greenhouse effect gases (GHGs) from the organics waste. In this study, the behavior of GHGs emission from the sites of temporary management for disaster waste has been investigated. The methane emission from the temporary storage pile of combustible fraction (mainly wood waste) was distributed from -0.0014 to 0.0023 L/hr/m<sup>2</sup>. Arithmetic mean and coefficient of variance was 0.0013 L/hr/m<sup>2</sup>±88% and median was 0.0014 L/hr/m<sup>2</sup>. The carbon dioxide emission was 1000 times higher than methane emission at that site. It indicated that the aerobic deterioration of organic waste in the temporary storage of combustible fraction would be dominated rather than anaerobic mechanism. On the other hand, The methane emission from the temporary disposal site of fishery waste was highly fluctuated from -0.024 to 30 L/hr/m<sup>2</sup>. Arithmetic mean and coefficient of variance was 4.3 L/hr/m<sup>2</sup>±230% and median was 0.0087 L/hr/m<sup>2</sup>. The waste degradation in the temporary disposal site of fishery waste must follow the anaerobic manner. The methane emission from the pile of combustible fraction by first order reaction model could be assumed 0.73 L-CH<sub>4</sub>/hr/kg-waste (15 L-CO<sub>2</sub>eq/hr/kg-waste), which was calculated as the emission at July 2011. The emission factor from unit waste was calculated as 87 L L-CH<sub>4</sub>/ kg-waste (1830 L-CO<sub>2</sub>eq/kg-waste).