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Yamada, Yusuke,Maeda, Kazuki,Ohkubo, Kei,Karlin, Kenneth D.,Fukuzumi, Shunichi The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.14 No.27
<P>The catalytic durability of an organic photocatalyst, 9-mesityl-10-methyl acridinium ion (Acr<SUP>+</SUP>–Mes), has been dramatically improved by the addition of [{tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine}Cu<SUP>II</SUP>](ClO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> ([(tmpa)Cu<SUP>II</SUP>]<SUP>2+</SUP>) in the photocatalytic oxygenation of <I>p</I>-xylene by molecular oxygen in acetonitrile. Such an improvement is not observed by the addition of Cu(ClO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> in the absence of organic ligands. The addition of [(tmpa)Cu]<SUP>2+</SUP> in the reaction solution resulted in more than an 11 times higher turnover number (TON) compared with the TON obtained without [(tmpa)Cu<SUP>II</SUP>]<SUP>2+</SUP>. In the photocatalytic oxygenation, a stoichiometric amount of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> formation was observed in the absence of [(tmpa)Cu<SUP>II</SUP>]<SUP>2+</SUP>, however, much less H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> formation was observed in the presence of [(tmpa)Cu<SUP>II</SUP>]<SUP>2+</SUP>. The photocatalytic mechanism was investigated by laser flash photolysis measurements in order to detect intermediates. The reaction of O<SUB>2</SUB>&z.rad;<SUP>−</SUP> with [(tmpa)Cu<SUP>II</SUP>]<SUP>2+</SUP> monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy in propionitrile at 203 K suggested formation of [{(tmpa)Cu<SUP>II</SUP>}<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>2+</SUP>, a transformation which is crucial for the overall 4-electron reduction of molecular O<SUB>2</SUB> to water, and a key in the observed improvement in the catalytic durability of Acr<SUP>+</SUP>–Mes.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The activity of [(tmpa)Cu<SUP>II</SUP>]<SUP>2+</SUP> complex toward reactive oxygen species elongates the catalytic durability of an organic photocatalyst. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cp41207a'> </P>
Development of Pipe Inspection Robot using Ring-type Laser
Yasuto Tamura,Ichirota Kanai,Kazuki Yamada,Hun-ok Lim 제어로봇시스템학회 2016 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10
This paper describes the robot capable of inspecting a pipe. The developed robot is composed of three bodies, six legs, a laser range finder, a ring-type laser, and a CCD camera. The six legs are composed of three worm gears that are arranged at an angle of 120 degrees to run inside pipes of different diameters. The robot is designed with two joints to change the direction in pipe junctions, and the robot can measure a fore pipe shape using the laser range finder. The ring-type laser and the CCD camera are installed in the front the robot to detect and evaluate defects of a pipe. The CCD camera takes an image of the ring-type laser light in a pipe, and defects in a pipe are detected and evaluated from a break of the ring-type light by the image processing. We verified the effectiveness of the robot through the movement experiment and the defect inspection experiment.
Structural Analysis of Lipophilic Polyelectrolyte Solutions and Gels in Low-Polar Solvents
Nishi, Kengo,Tochioka, Saki,Hiroi, Takashi,Yamada, Taihei,Kokado, Kenta,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Gilbert, Elliot Paul,Sada, Kazuki,Shibayama, Mitsuhiro American Chemical Society 2015 Macromolecules Vol.48 No.11
<P>Lipophilic polyelectrolyte gels capable of large swelling in low-polar solvents (3 ≤ ε ≤ 10) were developed by Ono et al. (Nature Mater.<x> </x>2007), where ε is the dielectric constant. These gels were prepared by introducing tetraphenylborate as a lipophilic anion (tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; TFPB<SUP>–</SUP>) and tetraalkylammonium with long alkyl chains as a lipophilic cation (tetra(<I>n</I>-butyl)ammonium; TBA<SUP>+</SUP>) into a poly(octadecyl acrylate) (pODA) backbone chain. Here, we investigated the structure of the lipophilic polyelectrolyte gels and corresponding polymer solutions in CH<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). From SANS, it was revealed that individual pODA chain is regarded as a rod with the cross-section radius of 15 Å and the length of ca. 160 Å and is little changed by introduction of charges or cross-linking. In addition to this, it was revealed from SANS measurements that the second virial coefficient of pODA in CH<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> was positive. In combination with DLS measurements, we observed several characteristic features similar to polyelectrolyte aqueous systems such as (i) the clear appearance of slow diffusional motion in polymer solutions, (ii) an increase of diffusion coefficient in gels, and (iii) an increase of osmotic modulus in solutions and gels when ionic groups are incorporated in pODA. These experimental findings clearly show that [TBA<SUP>+</SUP>][TFPB<SUP>–</SUP>] dissociates enough and pODA, accompanying these ionic groups, acts as a polyelectrolyte even in a low-polar solvent such as CH<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> (ε = 8.9). It is concluded that the good compatibility of pODA with CH<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> and the introduction of dissociable ionic groups into pODA result in high-swelling capability of the lipophilic polyelectrolyte gels.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2015/mamobx.2015.48.issue-11/acs.macromol.5b00753/production/images/medium/ma-2015-00753f_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma5b00753'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Tomonori Tetsunaga,Toru Sato,Naofumi Shiota,Tomoko Tetsunaga,Masahiro Yoshida,Yoshiki Okazaki,Kazuki Yamada 대한정형외과학회 2015 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.7 No.2
Postoperative pain relief can be achieved with various modalities. However, there are only few reports that have analyzed postoperative analgesic techniques in total hip arthroplasty patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of three different analgesic techniques after total hip arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the influence of three analgesic techniques on postoperative rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty in 90 patients divided into three groups (n = 30 patients per group). Postoperative analgesia consisted of continuous epidural analgesia (Epi group), patient-controlled analgesia with morphine (PCA group), or a continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB group). We measured the following parameters relating to postoperative outcome: visual analog scale scores, the use of supplemental analgesia, side effects, length of the hospital stay, plasma D-dimer levels, and the Harris hip score. Results: Each group had low pain scores with no significant differences between the groups. The PCA group had a lower frequency of supplemental analgesia use compared to the Epi and CFNB groups. Side effects (nausea/vomiting, inappetence) and day 7 D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the CFNB group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the length of the hospital stay or the Harris hip score. Conclusions: Although there were no clinically significant differences in outcomes between the three groups, the CFNB provided good pain relief which was equal to that of the other analgesics with fewer side effects and lower D-dimer levels in hospitalized patients following total hip arthroplasty.