Proceedings of Korea-Japan Special Symposium on Technology and R&D Trends on Inorganic Waste Recycling : Emission of non-methane aliphatic hydrocarbons from waste Landfills

( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Masato Yamada ),( Masanao Nagamori ),( Yusaku Ono ),( Yuzo Inoue ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2005 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2005 No.1

Monitoring of Hydrogen Sulfide from an Industrial Waste Landfill in Japan

( Noppharit Sutthasil ),( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Yuka Ogata ),( Kazuto Endo ),( Masato Yamada ),( Masanao Nagamori ),( Osamu Oishi ),( Yoshinori Yabuki ),( Tanaka Hirokazu ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2018 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2018 No.1

Landfill management in Japan was developed more than Centuries. At industrial rapid growth era, numbers of waste were disposed with less control, such as co-disposal of Construction and Demolition waste (C&D waste) and organic Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW). Generally, Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is detectable in ppm by human as odor, but more seriously it causes toxic effect in hundreds ppm. H₂S is often generated in landfill containing sulfate source (such as gypsum board) and organic waste thorough the activity of the Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). This study was carried out to investigate the emission behavior and environmental parameters related to H₂S generation in a landfill under aftercare phase, which has been disposed of C&D waste, and to develop the methodology to assess the environmental situation in landfills to be monitored. This survey was also involved in the project that aim to develop the methodology of appropriate management of the landfills. The objected landfill was located nearby the river and was operated by private sector. After the “standard of landfill disposal” regulation was enforced in Japan, this landfill was closed and started to monitoring. Figure 1 shows schematic of geological section of landfill, the area of dumping was mountainous, North and Eastern side of landfill was mounted to the hill called ‘Upper Zone’. South and Western side called ‘Lower Zone’. The slope of landfill surface was from upper to lower part. The approximate landfill surface is 4000 m². Landfill investigation was conducted on October 2017. The location for measurement of surface gas emission by static chamber method was selected by grid placing. Soil gas concentration was measured by a gas analyzer and gas detecting tube. Water quality from landfill layer in monitoring well was analyzed in laboratory. The results show H₂S gas was detected 5 out of 29 grid points from 0.7 m beneath cover soil in range 0.2-800 ppm. These H₂S gas concentrations were related to surface H₂S emissions which emitted in range 0.3-37.7 l/m²/d. The detected H₂S emitted points were located at the lower zone of this landfill. In the same area, CH₄ emission were found in 10 out of 29 points in range 0.1-62.7 l/m²/d. H₂S emission and CH₄ emission were negatively correlated. In contrast to the lower zone, CH₄ emission was detected at few points and no H₂S gas was found at the upper zone. It is widely known that SRB and Methane Generating Bacteria inhabited or competitive of carbon source under anaerobic condition. Landfill gas results indicated that anaerobic degradation was comparably active in lower zone due to the existing of organic matter inside waste body. To compare biogas generation from lower and upper zone, CH₄ and CO₂ emissions from lower zone was about 10.1 and 3.2 times higher than that from upper zone, respectively. The higher degradation rate explain by the different amount of organic matter from upper to lower zone. Quality of inner water of landfill layer in the monitoring wells which located in lower zone were analyzed. The SO₄ concentration were in range 110-710 mg/l. Low concentration of dissolved oxygen (0.68 mg/l) and remaining of organic carbon (33.7 mg/l) were confirmed in inner water of landfill. These would possibly provide condition of H₂S generation. From the result, landfill gas emission still active even the landfill already close for several years. It could suggest that the intensive and log-term monitoring program for this landfill must be necessary. It was also shown that the integration of monitoring of behavior of gas emission and dissolved component must be necessary to identify the practical situation of landfills, and to apply for future investigation in terms of improving the accuracy and simplification of methodology.

일본의 매립 재생의 가능성(예비조사)

( Bulent Inane ),( Masato Yamada ),( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Ohkochi Yumiko ),( Shino Mohri ),( Y. Inoue ),( Yusaku Ono ),( Masanao Nagamori ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

이 논문은 일본의 매립지의 현상황을 기술하고 차후 매립지 재생 연구에 필요에 대해 토의한다. 일본은 고지 이용과 작은 매립능력만 남았고 획득한 새로운 매립구역은 지역거주자의 반대와 고가의 토지로 인하여 변화할 필요가 있다. 산업과 도시고형폐기물 매립지는 각각 3과 10년 정도의 매립능력 밖에 남지 않았다. 다른 한편으로 1998년 3월 보건복지부는 차수막, 침출수 처리시설이 없는 538개의 부적당한 매립구역 명단을 발표하고 즉시 시정할 것을 명하였다. 그러므로 일찍이 안정화와 재생은 마지막 처분문제 논쟁에 있어 현재 결정적으로 중요하다. In this paper, current situation of landfilling in Japan is presented, and future research need for landfill reclamation is discussed. Japan, with very high land utilization, has very little landfill capacity left, and acquiring a new landfill site is a challenging task due to objection from local residents and high land cost. Industrial and municipal waste landfills have left only less than three and ten years capacity, respectively. On the other hand, on march 1998, Ministry of Health and Welfare has published a list of 538 inappropriate municipal landfill sites with no liner, leachate treatment facility, or both, and requiring immediate corrective action. Therefore, early stabilization and reclamation are now crucially important for combating the final disposal problem.

폐기물 매립지의 표면에서 지상 온도와 가스 흐름의 관계

( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Bulent Inane ),( Yumiko Ohkouchi ),( Shino Mohri ),( Masato Yamada ),( Yuzo Inoue ),( Takashi Kozakai ),( Masanao Nagamori ),( Yusaku Ono ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

산업폐기물 매립지의 표면에서 배출되는 메탄을 조사하였다. 여름철에는 45군데에서 24군데가 겨울철에는 42군데에서 20군데가 메탄의 흐름을 보이지 않았다. 메탄의 유입은 몇 군데에서 발견되었고, 여름에 흐름 비율은 -0.29~370ml/m²/min 이고, 겨울에는 -0.50~109ml/m²/min의 범위이다. 지상의 온도와 메탄 흐름은 확실한 상호관계를 보인다. 전체 메탄 배출은 지상온도관계와 지상 온도의 분포를 기초로 하여 평가한다. 전체 매립지로부터 배출되는 메탄은 여름철과 겨울철에 각각 0.57m³/hr과 0.039m³/hr였다. Investigation on the methane emission from the surface of waste landfill that contains industrial waste was executed. . Twenty-four out of 45 points in summer and 20 out of 42 points in winter showed no methane flux. Influx of methane was observed in a few points, and flux rate ranged from -0.29 to 370 ml/m²/min in summer and from -0.50 to 109 ml/m²/min in winter. Ground temperature and methane flux showed certain correlation. Whole methane emission was estimated based on the correlation with ground temperature and the distribution of ground temperature. Estimated methane emissions from the whole landfill estimated were 0.57 m³/hr and 0.039 m³/hr in summer and winter, respectively.

FEASIBILITY OF LANDFILL RECLAMATION IN JAPAN

( Bulent Inanc ),( Masato Yamada ),( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Ohkochi Yumiko ),( Shino Mohri ),( Y. Inoue ),( Yusaku Ono ),( Masanao Nagamori ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

In this paper, current situation of landfilling in Japan is presented, and future research need for landfill reclamation is discussed. Japan, with very high land utilization, has very little landfill capacity left, and acquiring a new landfill site is a challenging task due to objection from local residents and high land cost. Industrial and municipal waste landfills have left only less than three and ten years capacity, respectively. On the other hand, on march 1998, Ministry of Health and Welfare has published a list of 538 inappropriate municipal landfill sites with no liner, leachate treatment facility, or both, and requiring immediate corrective action. Therefore, early stabilization and reclamation are now crucially important for combating the final disposal problem.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GAS FLUX AND GROUND TEMPERATURE ON A SURFACE OF A WASTE LANDFILL SITE

( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Bulent Inane ),( Yumiko Ohkouchi ),( Shino Mohri ),( Masato Yamada ),( Yuzo Inoue ),( Takashi Kozakai ),( Masanao Nagamori ),( Yusaku Ono ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

Investigation on the methane emission from the surface of waste landfill that contains industrial waste was executed. . Twenty-four out of 45 points in summer and 20 out of 42 points in winter showed no methane flux. Influx of methane was observed in a few points, and flux rate ranged from -0.29 to 370 ml/m²/min in summer and from -0.50 to 109 ml/m²/min in winter. Ground temperature and methane flux showed certain correlation. Whole methane emission was estimated based on the correlation with ground temperature and the distribution of ground temperature. Estimated methane emissions from the whole landfill estimated were 0.57 m³/hr and 0.039 m³/hr in summer and winter, respectively.