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Exploring the Significance and Interpretation of Animal Motifs in Rock Art: A Systematic Review
Tie Zhao(Tie Zhao),Daorina(Daorina ),Guofeng Chen(Guofeng Chen),M. Omer(M. Omer ) 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.10 No.1
Rock art has been a subject of fascination for scholars, archaeologists, and enthusiasts for centuries due to its unique aesthetic qualities and cultural significance. This systematic review paper provides an overview of the significance of rock art motifs and their interpretations. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, we identified common rock art motifs and themes, as well as various interpretative approaches and theoretical frameworks used to understand the meanings and contexts of these motifs. The review also explores variations in interpretations across time and space and discusses the implications of these findings for rock art studies. The results reveal that rock art motifs and their interpretations are shaped by diverse cultural, social, and historical contexts, and that interdisciplinary and community-engaged research is needed to better understand, preserve, and appreciate this unique cultural heritage. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also discussed. This review contributes to our understanding of the cultural, symbolic, and aesthetic significance of rock art and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives and engagement with local communities in the study and conservation of rock art sites and cultural heritage.
Tie Jun Wang,Chen Guang Wang,Tie Jun Wang,Yan Gao,Chuang Zhi Wu,Long Long Ma 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.4
With naphthalene as biomass tar model compound, partial oxidation reforming (with addition of O2) and dry reforming of biomass fuel gas were investigated over nickel-based monoliths at the same conditions. The results showed that both processes had excellent performance in upgrading biomass raw fuel gas. Above 99% of naphthalene was converted into synthesis gases (H2+CO). About 2.8 wt% of coke deposition was detected on the catalyst surface for dry reforming process at 750 oC during 108 h lifetime test. However, no coke deposition was detected for partial oxidation reforming process, which indicated that addition of O2 can effectively prohibit the coke formation. O2 can also increase the CH4 conversion and H2/CO ratio of the producer gas. The average conversion of CH4 in dry and partial oxidation reforming process was 92% and 95%, respectively. The average H2/CO ratio increased from 0.95 to 1.1 with the addition of O2, which was suitable to be used as synthesis gas for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis.
VISCOSITY METHODS OF APPROXIMATION FOR A COMMON SOLUTION OF A FINITE FAMILY OF ACCRETIVE OPERATORS
Chen, Jun-Min,Zhang, Li-Juan,Fan, Tie-Gang The Youngnam Mathematical Society 2011 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.27 No.1
In this paper, we try to extend the viscosity approximation technique to find a particular common zero of a finite family of accretive mappings in a Banach space which is strictly convex reflexive and has a weakly sequentially continuous duality mapping. The explicit viscosity approximation scheme is proposed and its strong convergence to a solution of a variational inequality is proved.
ANALYZING ISUAL SPECTROPHOTOMETER DATA USING A TWO-COLOR DIAGRAM METHOD
CHEN ALFRED BING-CHIH,CHIANG PO-SHIH,HUANG TIAN-HSIANG,KUO CHENG-LING,WANG SHI-CHUN,SU HAN-TZONG,HSU RUE-RoN,CHANG MING-HUI,CHANG YEOU-SHIN,LIU TIE-YUE,MENDE STEPHEN B.,FREY HARALD U.,FUKUNISHI HIROSH The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
Transient luminous events (TLEs; sprites, elves, jets and etc.) are lightning-related optical flashes occurring above thunderstorms. Since the first discovery of sprites in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the morphological, spectroscopic and electromagnetic characteristics of TLEs through ground and spacecraft campaigns. However, most of the TLE studies were based on events recorded over US High Plains. To elucidate the possible biasing effects, space-borne observations are needed and have their merits. Imager of sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite is the first instrument to carry out a true global measurement of TLEs from a low- earth orbit. In this short paper, we apply a common astronomical data analysis technique, two-color diagram, on the ISUAL spectrophotometer (SP) data. By choosing appropriated bandpasses and converting the measured flux of TLEs into the unit of magnitude, two-color diagrams of TLEs can be constructed. We demonstrate that two-color diagrams, which were constructed from the narrow-band spectrophotometer data, can be used to classify different types of TLEs and trace their temporal evolution. The amount of reddening due to Earth's atmosphere can also be estimated from two-color diagrams assembled from the broad-band spectrophotometer data.
The Molecular Characterization of Serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis Strains Circulating in Beijing
Tie-gang Zhang,Jing-guo He,Xiong He,Li-Juan Chen,Zhu-jun Shao,Mei-ping Sun 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.6
The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular features of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis strains circulating in Beijing, China. Twenty out of 23 strains belonged to ST 4821. The causative serosubtype for meningococcal meningitis was P1.12-1,16-8. All of the strains expressed class 3 PorB protein. Among the five pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns observed, pattern III predominated.
Laboratory Confirmation of A Suspicious Meningococcal Meningitis Death Case
Tie-gang Zhang,Li-juan Chen,Jie Yang,Zhu-jun Shao,Xiong He,Jing-guo He,Ming Luo,Mei-ping Sun 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.4
A suspicious meningococcal meningitis death case was reported to the Beijing CDC. The blood specimen was analyzed via multi-PCR and MLST. 6 isolates from close contacts were analyzed via PFGE and MLST. According to the results of the above analyses, the cause of this case was identified as a serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis, which, in terms of sequence typing, belonged the ST7 group.
LSTM-based external torque prediction for 6-DOF robot collision detection
Tie Zhang,Yijie Chen,Peizhong Ge,Yan-biao Zou 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.9
In this article, a robot collision detection method based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed. The method constructed an LSTM network based external torque prediction (LSTM-ETP) model can perform multi-parameter multi-step external torque prediction since the architecture of model is described in network and time dimensions. The multi-step prediction of external torque is performed sequentially at different time nodes, which can transform the single multi-step output into a continuous prediction output on the complete time scale, and achieve real-time collision detection based on the LSTM-ETP model. The model is trained using the motion data from a 6-DOF industrial robot without collision, and the proposed method was evaluated online using additional trajectories. Experiments show that the proposed method reduces the detection delay by about 30 %~40 % compared to the previous method. This proposed method reduces the requirement for robot dynamics model accuracy while ensuring satisfactory collision detection performance.
Tie Zhang,Ye Yu,Li-xin Yang,Meng Xiao,Shou-yan Chen 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.9
To reduce the grinding trajectory deviation caused by the absolute positioning accuracy of robot, a trajectory compensation method based on Co-Kriging space interpolation method is proposed. Meanwhile, an adaptive iterative constant force control method based on one-dimensional force sensor is proposed to improve the processing quality and efficiency of robot belt grinding. Firstly, an error model based on 6 DOF robot is constructed. Then, considering the workspace of robot belt grinding and the similarity of robot position error, the Co-Kriging compensation algorithm is used to compensate the grinding trajectory, which makes the compensation process convenient and accurate. Then, a grinding dynamics model based on deformation is established, and an adaptive iterative constant force control is proposed for complex robot belt grinding process, which overcomes the instability of grinding force and shortens its convergence time. Finally, the grinding trajectory compensation experiment and the force control experiment of spherical workpiece are carried out. The results show that the space interpolation compensation algorithm based on Co-Kriging method can significantly improve both the space position error of grinding trajectory and the actual error of workpiece, which proves the feasibility of compensation algorithm. Through force control algorithm, the grinding force fluctuation is maintained within 2 N, the mean value, standard deviation and variance of absolute value of force error are significantly reduced, the convergence rate of grinding force and the roughness of workpiece are much better than before, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed force control algorithm.
Tie Zhang,Meng Xiao,Yan-biao Zou,Jia-dong Xiao,Shou-yan Chen 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.5
Aiming to solve the problem that the contact force at a robot end eff ector when tracking an unknown curved-surface workpieceis diffi cult to keep constant, a robot force control algorithm based on reinforcement learning is proposed. In this paper,a contact model and force mapping relationship are established for a robot end eff ector and surface. For the problem thatthe tangential angle of the workpiece surface is diffi cult to obtain in the mapping relationship, a neural network is used toidentify the tangential angle of the unknown curved-surface workpiece. To keep the normal force of the robot end eff ectorconstant, a compensation term is added to a traditional explicit force controller to adapt to the robot constant force trackingscenario. For the problem that the compensation term parameters are diffi cult to select, the reinforcement learning algorithmA2C (advantage actor critic) is used to fi nd the optimal parameters, and the return function and state values are modifi edin the A2C algorithm to satisfy the robot tracking scenario. The results show that the neural network algorithm has a goodrecognition eff ect on the tangential angle of the curved surface. The force error between the normal force and the expectedforce is substantially within ± 2 N after 60 iterations of the robot force control algorithm based on A2C; additionally, thevariance of the force error decreases by 50.7%, 34.05% and 79.41%, respectively, compared with the force signals obtainedby a fuzzy iterative algorithm and an explicit force control with two sets of fi xed control parameters.
Laboratory Confirmation of A Suspicious Meningococcal Meningitis Death Case
Zhang Tie-Gang,He Xiong,Chen Li-Juan,He Jing-Guo,Luo Ming,Yang Jie,Shao Zhu-Jun,Sun Mei-Ping The Microbiological Society of Korea 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.4
A suspicious meningococcal meningitis death case was reported to the Beijing CDC. The blood specimen was analyzed via multi-PCR and MLST. 6 isolates from close contacts were analyzed via PFGE and MLST. According to the results of the above analyses, the cause of this case was identified as a serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis, which, in terms of sequence typing, belonged the ST7 group.