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PROCESSING OF INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM AS DIVULGED BY AKARI
TAKASHI ONAKA,TAMAMI I. MORI,RYOU OHSAWA,ITSUKI SAKON,AARON C. BELL,MARK HAMMONDS,TAKASHI SHIMONISHI,DAISUKE ISHIHARA,HIDEHIRO KANEDA,YOKO OKADA,MASAHIRO TANAKA 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1
A wide spectral coverage from near-infrared (NIR) to far-infrared (FIR) of {\it AKARI} both for imaging and spectroscopy enablesus to efficiently study the emission from gas and dust in the interstellar medium (ISM). In particular, the Infrared Camera(IRC) onboard {\it AKARI}offers a unique opportunity to carry out sensitive spectroscopy in the NIR (2--5\,$\mu$m) for the first time from a spaceborn telescope. This spectral range contains a number of important dust bands and gas lines, such as the aromatic and aliphatic emissionbands at 3.3 and 3.4--3.5\,$\mu$m, H$_2$O and CO$_2$ ices at 3.0 and 4.3\,$\mu$m, CO, H$_2$, and \ion{H}{I} gas emission lines. In this paper we concentrate on the aromatic and aliphatic emission and ice absorption features. The balance between dust supply and destruction suggests significant dust processing takingplace as well as dust formation in the ISM. Detailed analysis of the aromatic and aliphatic bands of {\it AKARI} observations for a number of\ion{H}{ii} regions and \ion{H}{ii} region-like objectssuggests processing of carbonaceous dust in the ISM. The ice formation process canalso be studied with IRC NIR spectroscopy efficiently. In this review, dust processing in the ISM divulged by recentanalysis of {\it AKARI} data is discussed.
일본신찬을 통한 한국고대식의 추정연구 : 담산신사(談山神社)가길제(嘉吉祭)백미어식(2)
김천호,Kentaro Kaneko,Takeshi Sumino,Takashi Kaneda 한국식생활문화학회 1993 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.8 No.2
談山神社의 前身은 한반도로부터 일본으로 佛敎전래 이후 佛敎文化가 번성하던 7세기에 건립된 妙樂寺이다. 近世에 들어와서 국가적인 廢佛毁釋으로 神社로 바뀌었으므로 古代로부터의 1200년간 절의 佛供양식이 그대로 답습되어 전승되어 왔다. 神饌이라고 하나 실제로는 古代佛敎文化의 원형이라고 볼 수 있다. 문화의 교류가 빈번했던 한국고대의 식문화를 연구하는데 참고가 되리라 본다. 1) 高排 음식의 형태는 本神社와 同時代 同系統의 春日大社나 法隆寺 등 古代의 절이나 神社에 남아 있어서 현존하는 한국 고배차림과 상통하는 점을 뚜렷이 볼 수 있다. 단지 일본은 현재로는 死者나 神에게 대한 제사에만 남아 있다는 점이 한국은 경사스런 행사에도 널리 쓰여지고 있다는 것이 차이점이다. 또 한가지는 本神社의 고배형태가 단순한 圓柱型에서상부가 지붕 같이 넓어지는 형태로 변형된 것이다. 그리고 한반도의 고배음식은 실제로 행사가 끝나면 나누어 먹을 수 있는 음식인데 비해 「百味御食」은 형태만을 화려하게 만든 상징적인 것이다. 이는 시대의 흐름에 따라 외관상의 모양만을 만든 것이라 보고 神人供食의 사상으로 볼 때 古代에는 먹을 수 있는 음식이였을 것이다. 현재 한국의 고배음식은 원래 불교, 도교, 유교, 샤마니즘 등의 복합적인 영향으로 형성된 것으로 보아 인도와 중국에 근원을 두어야 할 것이다. 뒷바침이 될만한 것이 없어서 앞으로 뿌리와 유래 그리고 변천과정 등을 조사해야 할 것이다. 2) 고배음식 위의 장식은 고추나 꽈리 등의 열매를 竹串(대나무 꽂이)에 꽂아서 더욱 화려하게 만든 점이 특징이다. 이는 李朝시대 궁중연회행사에서 고배음식에 床花로 꽂는데 까지의 발전과정에서 극히 시초단계의 형태로 본다. 생열매나 꽃이 보였고 다음이 떡으로 새나 꽃모양을 만들어 장식했고(사진 10) 그 다음이 계절과 관계없이 실크나 종이로 造花를 만들어 화려하게 장식했다. 3) 和稻의 紋樣은 매년 다르나 卍型은 필히 포함시키고 나머지는 다양한 종류중에서 선택한 것으로 보아 문양이 고대로부터 다양하게 발전했었음을 알 수 있고 卍자를 필히 넣는 것은 本神社가 절이였고 절형식의 영향을 크게 받고 있음을 증명해 준다. 4) 荒稻 本 제사에서는 현재의 벼보다 대가 수십센치나 긴 黑, 白, 赤 등 3종류의 古代米를 쓰고 있다. 赤米와 黑米는 玄米의 일종으로서 品種과 系統에 따라서 種皮의 색이 赤色系는 赤米, 黑紫色인 것을 黑米로 칭하여 사용했다. 白米는 현재의 도정된 쌀이라고 본다. 이도 원래는 대가 긴 古代米였다. 春日大社 제사에도 黑米飯이 나오는 것으로 보아 현재의 개량된 쌀이 되기 이전의 형태는 물론 최초에는 현미를 식용했던 점을 알 수 있다. 무엇보다 술이 달린 벼의 대를 그대로 장식한 것이 특이하다. 이는 쌀을 귀중한 식량으로 꼽았던 것으로 본다. 5) 果實御供의 과일은 각종 야생열매라고 보는 것이 타당하다. 현재 우리가 식용하지 않는 과일, 채소, 구근류가 보인다. 古代食用식물의 재연구조사가 필요하다. 6) 古代제사나 현재 고배음식에서 보이는 五色은 五行說에 근거를 두나 古代 신앙부터 다수의 종교의 부합적인 사상에 의하여 형성된 것으로 본다. The predeccessor of Danjanjinja was Myorak temple which is built in the 7th century. At that age, the Buddhist culture of Japan had highly prospected by transmitting Buddhism to Japan from Han peninsular On the other hand, the private god of Fujiwara family in Danjanjinja is Uchigami which is one of typical Japanese popular belief like Dangshin of Korean's. Through these historical background, it could by presumed that the Kakitsisai might be the original form of Korean Buddhist sacrificial offerings from ancient age. So this study on Kakitsisai what had handed down from generation to generation about for 1300 years help us to study and estimate the ancient dietary culture of Korean and Japanese. 1. Kakitsisai performed high filling method in the sacrificial offerings like Kasuga, Horyuji and Korea. 2. The patterns and colors of high filling offerings are various in Korea and Japan. 3. They used unpolished rice by ancient rice, and called red and black one. We can guess both of countries ate unpolished rice at that age. 4. They used many kind of ancient wild fruits and vegetables. We could recognize what the ancients had eaten the foods.
PROPERTIES OF DUST IN VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS OF NEARBY GALAXIES
HIDEHIRO KANEDA,Takuma Kokusho,Rika Yamada,DAISUKE ISHIHARA,SHINKI OYABU,TORU KONDO,MITSUYOSHI YAMAGISHI,Akiko Yasuda,TAKASHI ONAKA,Toyoaki Suzuki 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1
We have performed systematic studies of the properties of dust in various environments of nearby galaxies with AKARI. The unique capabilities of AKARI, such as near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy combined with all-sky coverage in the mid- and far-IR, enable us to study processing of dust, particularly carbonaceous grains includings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), for unbiased samples of nearby galaxies. In this paper, we first review our recent results on individual galaxies, highlighting the uniqueness of AKARI data for studies of nearby galaxies. Then we present results of our systematic studies on nearby starburst and early-type galaxies. From the former study based on the near-IR spectroscopy and mid-IR all-sky survey data, we find that the properties of PAHs change systematically from IR galaxies to ultra-luminous IR galaxies, depending on the IR luminosity of a galaxy or galaxy population. From the latter study based on the mid- and far-IR all-sky survey data, we find that there is a global correlation between the amounts of dust and old stars in early-type galaxies, giving an observational constraint on the origin of the dust.
Dynamics Analysis and Optimal Control of a Marine Diesel Engine
Toshihiko NAKATANI,Takashi MIWA,Naohiro YAMATANI,Keiji SASAYA,Daiki OKADA,Taizo KANEDA,Emi KANAYAMA,Erika URA 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
This paper describes dynamics analysis of a governor-engine control system in a marine diesel engine and its optimal control at sea. A new governor system is developed which takes into account the ship’s motion, and the results of full-scale experiments using the new system are presented. Statistical analysis using a Multivariate Auto Regressive (MAR) model is performed on data collected from the sea trial of a small training ship, the Shioji Maru. It is shown that the speed of the ship’s propeller is strongly influenced by the ship’s pitching motion. Based on this observation, a new type of marine governor that takes the ship’s pitching motion into account is designed using modern multivariate control theory. Finally, full-scale experiments into the performance of the new system are conducted.
Yamagishi, Mitsuyoshi,Kaneda, Hidehiro,Ishihara, Daisuke,Oyabu, Shinki,Onaka, Takashi,Shimonishi, Takashi,Suzuki, Toyoaki,Minh, Young Chol IOP Publishing 2013 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.773 No.2
<P>With AKARI, we obtain the spatially resolved near-infrared (NIR) (2.5-5.0 mu m) spectra for the nearby starburst galaxy M 82. These spectra clearly show absorption features due to interstellar ices. Based on the spectra, we created the column density maps of H2O and CO2 ices. As a result, we find that the spatial distribution of H2O ice is significantly different from that of CO2 ice; H2O ice is widely distributed, while CO2 ice is concentrated near the galactic center. Our result reveals for the first time variations in CO2/H2O ice abundance ratio on a galactic scale, suggesting that an ice-forming interstellar environment changes within a galaxy. We discuss the cause of the spatial variations in the ice abundance ratio, utilizing spectral information on the hydrogen recombination Br alpha and Br beta lines and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3.3 mu m emission appearing in the AKARI NIR spectra.</P>
AARON C. BELL,TAKASHI ONAKA,YASUO DOI,ITSUKI SAKON,Fumihiko Usui,DAISUKE ISHIHARA,HIDEHIRO KANEDA,MARTIN GIARD,RONIN WU,RYOU OHSAWA,TAMAMI MORI-ITO,MARK HAMMONDS,이호규,Itsuki Sakon 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1
Our understanding of dust emission, interaction, and evolution, is evolving. In recent years, electric dipole emission by spinning dust has been suggested to explain the anomalous microwave excess (AME), appearing between 10 and 90 Ghz. The observed frequencies suggest that spinning grains should be on the order of 10nm in size, hinting at polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules (PAHs). We present data from the AKARI/Infrared Camera (IRC) due to its high sensitivity to the PAH bands. By inspecting the IRC data for a few AME regions, we find a preliminary indication that regions well-fitted by a spinning-dust model have a higher 9~$\mu$m than 18~$\mu$m intensity vs. non-spinning-dust regions. Ongoing efforts to improve the analysis by using DustEM and including data from the AKARI Far Infrared Surveyor (FIS), IRAS, and Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) are described.
MODELING OF THE ZODIACAL EMISSION FOR THE<i>AKARI</i>/IRC MID-INFRARED ALL-SKY DIFFUSE MAPS
Kondo, Toru,Ishihara, Daisuke,Kaneda, Hidehiro,Nakamichi, Keichiro,Takaba, Sachi,Kobayashi, Hiroshi,Ootsubo, Takafumi,Pyo, Jeonghyun,Onaka, Takashi American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astronomical journal Vol.151 No.3
<P>The zodiacal emission, which is the thermal infrared (IR) emission from the interplanetary dust (IPD) in our solar system, has been studied for a long time. Nevertheless, accurate modeling of the zodiacal emission has not been successful to reproduce the all-sky spatial distribution of the zodiacal emission, especially in the mid-IR where the zodiacal emission peaks. Therefore, we aim to improve the IPD cloud model based on Kelsall et al., using the AKARI 9 and 18 mu m all-sky diffuse maps. By adopting a new fitting method based on the total brightness, we have succeeded in reducing the residual levels after subtraction of the zodiacal emission from the AKARI data and thus in improving the modeling of the zodiacal emission. Comparing the AKARI and the COBE data, we confirm that the changes from the previous model to our new model are mostly due to model improvements, but not temporal variations between the AKARI and the COBE epoch, except for the position of the Earth-trailing blob. Our results suggest that the size of the smooth cloud, a dominant component in the model, is about 10% more compact than previously thought, and that the dust sizes are not large enough to emit blackbody radiation in the mid-IR. Furthermore, we detect a significant isotropically distributed IPD component, owing to an accurate baseline measurement with AKARI.</P>