MODELING OF THE ZODIACAL EMISSION FOR THE<i>AKARI</i>/IRC MID-INFRARED ALL-SKY DIFFUSE MAPS

Kondo, Toru,Ishihara, Daisuke,Kaneda, Hidehiro,Nakamichi, Keichiro,Takaba, Sachi,Kobayashi, Hiroshi,Ootsubo, Takafumi,Pyo, Jeonghyun,Onaka, Takashi American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astronomical journal Vol.151 No.3

<P>The zodiacal emission, which is the thermal infrared (IR) emission from the interplanetary dust (IPD) in our solar system, has been studied for a long time. Nevertheless, accurate modeling of the zodiacal emission has not been successful to reproduce the all-sky spatial distribution of the zodiacal emission, especially in the mid-IR where the zodiacal emission peaks. Therefore, we aim to improve the IPD cloud model based on Kelsall et al., using the AKARI 9 and 18 mu m all-sky diffuse maps. By adopting a new fitting method based on the total brightness, we have succeeded in reducing the residual levels after subtraction of the zodiacal emission from the AKARI data and thus in improving the modeling of the zodiacal emission. Comparing the AKARI and the COBE data, we confirm that the changes from the previous model to our new model are mostly due to model improvements, but not temporal variations between the AKARI and the COBE epoch, except for the position of the Earth-trailing blob. Our results suggest that the size of the smooth cloud, a dominant component in the model, is about 10% more compact than previously thought, and that the dust sizes are not large enough to emit blackbody radiation in the mid-IR. Furthermore, we detect a significant isotropically distributed IPD component, owing to an accurate baseline measurement with AKARI.</P>

MODELING OF THE ZODIACAL LIGHT FOR THE AKARI MID-IR ALL-SKY DIFFUSE MAPS

TORU KONDO,DAISUKE ISHIHARA,HIDEHIRO KANEDA,SHINKI OYABU,TOMOYA AMATSUTSU,KEICHIRO NAKAMICHI,Hidetoshi Sano,TAKAFUMI OOTSUBO,TAKASHI ONAKA 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1

The AKARI 9 and 18 $\mu$m diffuse maps reveal the all-sky distribution of the interstellar medium with relatively high spatial resolution of $\sim$6$''$. The zodiacal light is a dominant foreground component in the mid-infrared. Thus, removal of the zodiacal light is a critical issue to study low surface brightness Galactic diffuse emission. We carried out modeling of the zodiacal light based on the Kelsall model which is constructed from the COBE data. In the previous study, only a time-varying component of the zodiacal light brightness was used for determination of the model parameters. However, there remains a residual component of the zodiacal light around the ecliptic plane even after removal with the model. Therefore, instead of using a time-varying component, we use the absolute brightness of the zodiacal light and we find that the new model can better remove the residual component. As a result, the best-fit model parameters are changed from those in the previous study. We discuss the properties of the zodiacal light based on our new result.

Toxicologic pathological mechanism of acute lung injury induced by oral administration of benzalkonium chloride in mice

Sekijima Hidehisa,Oshima Toru,Ueji Yuno,Kuno Naoko,Kondo Yukino,Nomura Saera,Asakura Tomomi,Sakai-Sugino Kae,Kawano Mitsuo,Komada Hiroshi,Kotani Hirokazu 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.3

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) intoxication causes fatal lung injuries, such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS induced by BAC ingestion is poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of lung toxicity after BAC ingestion in a mouse model. BAC was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice at doses of 100, 250, and 1250 mg/kg. After administration, BAC concentrations in the blood and lungs were evaluated via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Lung tissue injury was evaluated via histological and protein analyses. Blood and lung BAC concentration levels after oral administration increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the concentrations directly proportional to the dose administered. The severity of lung injury worsened over time after the oral administration of 1250 mg/kg BAC. An increase in the terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3 levels was observed in the lungs after 1250 mg/kg BAC administration. In addition, increased cleaved caspase-9 levels and mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytosol were observed. These results suggest that lung tissue injury with excessive apoptosis contributes to BAC-induced ALI development and exacerbation. Our findings provide useful information for developing an effective treatment for ALI/ARDS induced by BAC ingestion.

DEBRIS DISKS AND THE ZODIACAL LIGHT EXPLORED BY THE AKARI MID-INFRARED ALL-SKY SURVEY

DAISUKE ISHIHARA,NAMI TAKEUCHI,TORU KONDO,HIROSHI KOBAYASHI,HIDEHIRO KANEDA,SHU-ICHIRO INUTSUKA,SHINKI OYABU,TAKAHIRO NAGAYAMA,HIDEAKI FUJIWARA,TAKASHI ONAKA 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1

Debris disks are circumstellar dust disks around main-sequence stars. They are important observational clues to understanding the planetary system formation. The zodiacal light is the thermal emission from the dust disk in our Solar system. %For a comprehensive understanding of the nature andthe evolution of dust disks around main-sequence stars,we try a comparative study of debris disks and the zodiacal light. %We search for debris disks using the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky point source catalog. By applying accurate flux estimate of the photospheric emissionbased on the follow-up near-infrared observations with IRSF,we have improved the detection rate of debris disks. %For a detailed study of the structure and grain propertiesin the zodiacal dust cloud,as an example of dust disks around main-sequence stars,we analyze the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky diffuse maps. %As a result of the debris disks search,we found old ($>$1\,Gyr) debris disks which have large excess emissioncompared to their age, which cannot be explained simplyby the conventional steady-state evolution model. %From the zodiacal light analysis, we find the possibilitythat the dust grains trapped in the Earth's resonance orbitshave increased by a factor of $\sim$3 in the past $\sim$20 years. %Combining these results, we discuss the non-steady processes in debris disks and the zodiacal light.

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF DUST IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES WITH AKARI

Takuma Kokusho,HIDEHIRO KANEDA,TORU KONDO,SHINKI OYABU,MITSUYOSHI YAMAGISHI,Katsuhiro Murata 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1

Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are generally dominated by old low-mass stars, which are not very productive of dust, and hot interstellar plasmas, which are very destructive of dust. Thus ETGs provide harsh environments for survival of dust. It has been found that some ETGs contain a large amount of dust, and yet its supply mechanism is not understood well. We present the result of a systematic study of dust in ETGs with the AKARI mid- and far-infrared all-sky surveys. From the AKARI result and the $Ks$ band data obtained by ground-based telescopes, we find that there is a global correlation between the dust mass and stellar luminosity. We also compare the AKARI all-sky survey result with the CO data to discuss origins of dust in ETGs.

QUALITY CHECK OF THE AKARI MID-INFRARED ALL-SKY DIFFUSE MAP TOWARD THE MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGIONS NGC 6334 AND NGC 6357

Hidetoshi Sano,TOMOYA AMATSUTSU,TORU KONDO,KEICHIRO NAKAMICHI,MITSUYOSHI YAMAGISHI,DAISUKE ISHIHARA,SHINKI OYABU,HIDEHIRO KANEDA,KENGO TACHIHARA,YASUO FUKUI 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1

We present a comparative study of CO and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission toward a region including the massive star-forming regions of NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. We use the NANTEN $^{12}$CO($J$=1--0) data and the $AKARI$ 9 $\mu$m All-Sky diffuse map in order to evaluate the calibration accuracy of the $AKARI$ data. We confirm that the overall CO distribution shows a good spatial correspondence with the PAH emission, and their intensities exhibit a good power-law correlation with a spatial resolution down to 4$\rq{}$ over the region of 10$^\circ$$\times$10$^\circ$. We also reveal poorer correlation for small scale structures between the two quantities toward NGC 6357, due to strong UV radiation from local sources. Larger scatter in the correlation toward NGC 6357 indicates higher ionization degree and/or PAH excitation than that of NGC 6334.

Real-world efficacy and safety of bevacizumab single-maintenance therapy following platinum-paclitaxel chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in patients with advanced cervical cancer

Saki Kotaka,Eiji Kondo,Yosuke Kawai,Kota Okamoto,Yasuyuki Kishigami,Takaharu Yamawaki,Kenji Nagao,Toru Hirata,Shiro Suzuki 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.5

Objective: Bevacizumab maintenance therapy following platinum-based combination chemotherapy for metastatic, recurrent, or persistent cervical cancer is not recommended as standard therapy. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab maintenance therapy and the contribution of the platinum-free interval to the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy for advanced cervical cancer. Methods: We retrospectively identified 115 patients with metastatic, recurrent, or persistent cervical cancer treated with platinum-paclitaxel chemotherapy plus bevacizumab at 7 institutions between 2015 and 2020. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients who received bevacizumab maintenance therapy and those who did not. We also analyzed the adverse events associated with bevacizumab and survival time from the start of subsequent chemotherapy in both groups. Results: Following platinum-paclitaxel plus bevacizumab chemotherapy, 34 patients received bevacizumab maintenance therapy and 81 patients did not. Of the 115 patients, 56 received chemotherapy for subsequent relapse. Although bevacizumab maintenance therapy prolonged PFS (median of 16.0 months vs. 9.0 months, p=0.041), significant differences were not observed in OS (p=0.374). Furthermore, bevacizumab maintenance therapy did not prolong OS and PFS after the start of subsequent chemotherapy (p=0.663 and p=0.136, respectively). Bevacizumab maintenance therapy significantly increased hypertension (p=0.035) and proteinuria (p=0.005) but did not cause complications leading to death. Conclusion: Bevacizumab single-maintenance therapy for advanced cervical cancer can be considered in selected cases, such as those with acceptable bevacizumab-related side effects. The outcomes of our study will likely contribute to decision-making regarding practical treatment strategies.

THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE AKARI MID-INFRARED ALL-SKY DIFFUSE MAPS

TOMOYA AMATSUTSU,DAISUKE ISHIHARA,TORU KONDO,HIDEHIRO KANEDA,SHINKI OYABU,MITSUYOSHI YAMAGISHI,KEICHIRO NAKAMICHI,Hidetoshi Sano,TAKASHI ONAKA 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1

We are creating all-sky diffuse maps from the AKARI mid-infrared survey datawith the two photometric bands centered at wavelengths of 9 and 18~$\micron$. The AKARI mid-infrared diffuse maps achieve higher spatial resolution and higher sensitivitythan the IRAS maps. In particular, the 9~$\micron$ data are unique resources as anall-sky tracer of the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the original data suffer many artifacts. Thus, we have been developing correction methods. Among them, we have recently improvedcorrection methods for the non-linearity and the reset anomaly of the detector response. These corrections successfully reduce the artifact level down to 0.1\,MJy sr$^{-1}$ on average,% reduce the intensity error from a $\sim 0.2 \ \mjysr$ level down to $\sim 0.1 \ \mjysr$,which is essential for discussion onfaint extended emission (e.g., the Galactic PAH emission). We have also made progress in the subtraction of the scattered lightcaused in the camera optics. We plan to release the improved diffuse maps to the public within a year.

Intramedullary Schwannoma of the Spinal Cord: A Nationwide Analysis by the Neurospinal Society of Japan

Takeshi Hara,Masaki Mizuno,Kazutoshi Hida,Toru Sasamori,Yasuyuki Miyoshi,Hisaaki Uchikado,Hiroki Ohashi,Taku Sugawara,Yasuhiro Takeshima,Yukoh Ohara,Akihide Kondo,Toshiki Endo 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.3

Objective: This study was aimed to report the clinical characteristics of intramedullary schwannomas and discuss imaging findings and treatment strategies. Methods: The inclusion criterion was consecutive patients with intramedullary schwannomas who were surgically treated at 8 centers between 2009 and 2020. Clinical characteristics included age, sex, clinical presentation, disease duration, and follow-up period. The modified McCormick scale was used to compare the preoperative and postoperative conditions. Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI) of each case were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the total 11 patients at the operation was 50.2 years. The mean duration of the symptoms was 23 months, with limb paresthesia being the most common clinical presentation. The cervical spine was the most common localization level of the tumor in 6 cases. The mean follow-up duration was 49.4 months. Gross total resection (GTR) and subtotal resection (STR) was achieved in 9 and 2 cases, respectively. According to the modified McCormick scale at 6 months postoperatively, 7 cases (63.6%) had improved and 4 cases (36.3%) had unchanged grades. Typical MRI findings of the intramedullary schwannoma included ring-like enhancement, syringomyelia, cystic formation, intramedullary edema, and hemosiderin deposition. Gadolinium enhancement was homogenous in 8 cases (72.7%). The tumor margins were well demarcated in all cases. Conclusion: Intramedullary schwannoma should be considered when sharp margins and well-enhanced tumors are present at the cervical spine level and the initial symptoms are relatively mild, such as dysesthesia. When GTR cannot be achieved, STR for tumor decompression is recommended.

Permeability imaging in granitic rocks based on surface resistivity profiling

Sudo Hiroshi,Tanaka Toshikazu,Kobayashi Tsuyoshi,Kondo Tatsutoshi,Takahashi Toru,Miyamoto Masaharu,Amagai Mitsuru Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2004 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.7 No.1

In order to image the distribution of permeability in granitic rocks, we carried out two-dimensional (2D) resistivity profiling, together with in-situ permeability tests, electrical logging of boreholes, and resistivity measurements of rock core samples in a laboratory. Based on the electrical logging and in-situ permeability data from boreholes, we obtained empirical equations which relate resistivity and permeability of the granitic rocks in the area studied. We then applied the empirical equation to a 2D resistivity section, to produce a 2D permeability section of the granitic rocks. In this paper, we present details of the field data and of the procedure for conversion from the resistivity section to a permeability section. The observed relationship between resistivity and permeability of the rocks is also discussed.