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Differential Space Time Coding based on Different Unitary Matrices Sets
Kwang-Jae Lee,Chang-Joo Kim,Hyun-Seok Yoo,Sung-Hun Kim,Moon-Ho Lee 한국전자파학회JEES 2006 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.6 No.4
This paper investigates a distinct set of complex unitary matrices for QPSK differential space time coding. After properly selecting the initial transmission matrix and unitary matrices we find that the different combinations of them could lead different BER performance over slow/fast Rayleigh fading channels and antennas correlated channels. The numerical results show that the proper selection of the initial transmission matrix and the set of unitary matrices can efficiently improve the bit error rate performance, especially for the antennas correlated fading channel. The computer simulations are evaluated over slow and fast Rayleigh fading channels.
Yoo Hyunsuk,Kim Eun Young,Kim Hyungjin,Choi Ye Ra,Kim Moon Young,Hwang Sung Ho,Kim Young Joong,Cho Young Jun,Jin Kwang Nam 대한영상의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.23 No.10
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify normal chest radiography (CXR) from the worklist of radiologists in a health-screening environment. Materials and Methods: This retrospective simulation study was conducted using the CXRs of 5887 adults (mean age ± standard deviation, 55.4 ± 11.8 years; male, 4329) from three health screening centers in South Korea using a commercial AI (Lunit INSIGHT CXR3, version 3.5.8.8). Three board-certified thoracic radiologists reviewed CXR images for referable thoracic abnormalities and grouped the images into those with visible referable abnormalities (identified as abnormal by at least one reader) and those with clearly visible referable abnormalities (identified as abnormal by at least two readers). With AI-based simulated exclusion of normal CXR images, the percentages of normal images sorted and abnormal images erroneously removed were analyzed. Additionally, in a random subsample of 480 patients, the ability to identify visible referable abnormalities was compared among AI-unassisted reading (i.e., all images read by human readers without AI), AI-assisted reading (i.e., all images read by human readers with AI assistance as concurrent readers), and reading with AI triage (i.e., human reading of only those rendered abnormal by AI). Results: Of 5887 CXR images, 405 (6.9%) and 227 (3.9%) contained visible and clearly visible abnormalities, respectively. With AI-based triage, 42.9% (2354/5482) of normal CXR images were removed at the cost of erroneous removal of 3.5% (14/405) and 1.8% (4/227) of CXR images with visible and clearly visible abnormalities, respectively. In the diagnostic performance study, AI triage removed 41.6% (188/452) of normal images from the worklist without missing visible abnormalities and increased the specificity for some readers without decreasing sensitivity. Conclusion: This study suggests the feasibility of sorting and removing normal CXRs using AI with a tailored cut-off to increase efficiency and reduce the workload of radiologists.
Yoo, Hoesook,Cha, Hwa Jun,Lee, Joonyoung,Yu, Eun-Ok,Bae, Seunghee,Jung, Jin Hyuk,Sohn, Insook,Lee, Su-Jae,Yang, Kwang-Hee,Woo, Sang-Hyeok,Seo, Sung-Keum,Park, In-Chul,Kim, Chong Soon,Jin, Young-Woo,Ah National Hellenic Research Foundation 2008 Oncology reports Vol.19 No.6
<P>A-kinase-anchoring protein 149 (AKAP149) is a member of a structurally diverse, though functionally similar anchoring protein family and is localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria and in the endoplasmic reticulum-nuclear envelope network. AKAP149 plays an important role in controlling the subcellular localization and temporal specificity of protein phosphorylation and mRNA metabolism by tethering kinases and phosphatases, such as protein kinase A and type I protein phosphatase, through its N-terminal protein-binding motifs and mRNAs via its C-terminal RNA-binding motifs. It is well recognized that caspases play a central role in transducing and amplifying the intracellular death signal and that apoptosis is executed as a consequence of caspase-mediated cleavage of multiple cellular substrates. The identification of novel death substrates and elucidation of the consequences of their proteolytic cleavages by caspases are therefore crucial for our understanding of cell death and other biological processes. Herein, we demonstrated that AKAP149 is a direct substrate of active caspase-3, -8 -and -10 in vitro and in vivo. 35S-labeled full-length AKAP149 was completely cleaved in vitro by active caspase-3, -8 and -10 into two fragments of approximately 105 and 45 kDa, while caspase-2 cleaved it partially and caspase-1 did not cleave it at all. AKAP149 was also cleaved by caspases during Fas- and staurosporine-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T and HeLa cells, which were blocked by specific inhibitors of caspase-3 and -8. The specific cleavage site for these caspases was mapped in vitro and in vivo to Asp582 at AKAP149, which is located between the protein kinase A regulatory subunit anchoring and KH RNA-binding domains. In addition, HeLa cells transiently overexpressing AKAP149 D582E mutant were resistant to staurosporine-induced HeLa cell apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that AKAP149 activity may be deregulated by caspase-dependent proteolysis during apoptotic cell death and may provide useful information for elucidating the apoptosis signaling pathways in detail.</P>
( Yoo Jin Lee ),( Soo Rim Kim ),( Yeo Jung Moon ),( Sei Kwang Kim ),( Sang Wook Bai ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-
To demonstrate the significance of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) on preoperative urodynamic studies (UDS) in women who had diagnosed pelvic floor dysfunction including pelvic organ prolapsed (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We reviewed the medical records of 80 patients with POP including SUI and 80 patients with only SUI who underwent preoperative urodynamic studies at Yonsei University Health system from January 2006 to March 2012. Comparisons were made between the patients with and without BOO on preoperative urodynamic studies. On these studies, the patients` baseline demographics including the age, body mass index (BMI), menopause, history of previous pelvic surgery, cystoscopic findings such as bladder trabeculation and the parameters of the urodynamic study such as Qmax (mL/sec), Pdet (cmH2O), postvoidal residual volume (PVR, mL), maximal cystometric capacity (MCC, mL), and prevalence of detrusor instability (DI), site and stage of POP, preoperative and postoperative urinary symptoms were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using two sample T test, Fisher`s Exact Test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The analysis included 160 patients (POP including SUI group, n=80; SUI group, n=80). Among the 80 patients with POP including SUI, 30 patients had BOO and 50 patients did not. Similarly, in SUI group, 30 patients with BOO and 50 patients without BOO were included in this study. From the comparison of the two groups with and without BOO, there were no significant differences in age, BMI, history of previous pelvic surgery, menopause, prevalence of DI, postoperative urinary symptoms. In 30 patients with BOO of the POP including SUI group, the mean Qmax was lower than those 50 patients without BOO (12.3 mL/sec vs 25.5 mL/sec, p<0.001). Patients with BOO had higher mean Pdet (33.6 cmH2O vs 21.5 cmH2O, p=0.001), lower mean MCC (406.9 mL vs 454.0 mL, p=0.006), and higher mean PVR (41.4 mL vs 21.1 mL, p=0.016). In SUI group, the mean Qmax was significantly lower in 30 patients with BOO (13.5 mL/sec vs 25.4 mL/sec, p<0.001). The mean value of the Pdet was significantly higher with BOO (33.1 cmH2O vs 25.5 cmH2O, p=0.015). Patients who had difficult labor were associated with BOO (p=0.040) and preoperative urinary frequency was significantly associated with BOO (p=0.011). In the univariate analyses, among the 60 patients with BOO, menopause (p=0.046, Odds ratio (OR)=0.47) and cystoscopic bladder trabeculation (p=0.006, Odds ratio (OR)=4.79) were associated with BOO and the association with Qmax (p<0.001, OR=0.56) and Pdet (p<0.001, OR=1.05) approached highly significance. In the multivariate model, the association with Qmax (p<0.001, OR=0.52) and Pdet (p=0.004, OR=1.09) remained strongly significant. The presence of BOO on preoperative urodynamic studies is associated with Qmax, Pdet, MCC, PVR, and bladder trabeculation. However, there was no correlation with BOO and prevalence of DI or preoperative and postoperative urinary symptoms.