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Wolbachia Sequence Typing in Butterflies Using Pyrosequencing
( Sung Mi Choi ),( Su Kyoung Shin ),( Gil Sang Jeong ),( Ha Na Yi ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.9
Wolbachia is an obligate symbiotic bacteria that is ubiquitous in arthropods, with 25?70% of insect species estimated to be infected. Wolbachia species can interact with their insect hosts in a mutualistic or parasitic manner. Sequence types (ST) of Wolbachia are determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of housekeeping genes. However, there are some limitations to MLST with respect to the generation of clone libraries and the Sanger sequencing method when a host is infected with multiple STs of Wolbachia. To assess the feasibility of massive parallel sequencing, also known as next-generation sequencing, we used pyrosequencing for sequence typing of Wolbachia in butterflies. We collected three species of butterflies (Eurema hecabe, Eurema laeta, and Tongeia fischeri) common to Korea and screened them for Wolbachia STs. We found that T. fischeri was infected with a single ST of Wolbachia, ST41. In contrast, E. hecabe and E. laeta were each infected with two STs of Wolbachia, ST41 and ST40. Our results clearly demonstrate that pyrosequencing-based MLST has a higher sensitivity than cloning and Sanger sequencing methods for the detection of minor alleles. Considering the high prevalence of infection with multiple Wolbachia STs, next-generation sequencing with improved analysis would assist with scaling up approaches to Wolbachia MLST.
( Sung Ae Woo ),( Hye Young Ju ),( Soon Hyo Kwon ),( Ji Hye Lee ),( Soo Jeong Choi ),( Dong Cheol Han ),( Seung Duk Hwang ),( Sae Yong Hong ),( So Young Jin ),( Hyo Wook Gil ) 대한신장학회 2014 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.33 No.4
Background: All types of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) areprogressive diseases with poor prognoses. Recently, a newly proposed classificationof these diseases separated them into immune complex- and complementmediateddiseases. We investigated the frequency of C3 glomerulonephritis amongpreviously diagnosed MPGN patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with MPGN atthree tertiary care institutions between 2001 and 2010. We investigated theincidence of complement-mediated disease among patients diagnosed with MPGN. Progressive renal dysfunction was defined as a 50% reduction in the glomerularfiltration rate or the need for renal replacement therapy. Results: Among the 3,294 renal biopsy patients, 77 (2.3%) were diagnosed withMPGN; 31 cases were excluded, of which seven were diagnosed with systemic lupusnephritis, and the others were not followed for a minimum of 12 months afterbiopsy. Based on the new classification, complement-mediated MPGN was diagnosedin two patients (4.3%); only one patient developed progressive renaldysfunction. Among the immune complex-mediated MPGN patients, 17 patientsdeveloped progressive renal dysfunction. Serum albumin and creatinine levels atthe time of MPGN diagnosis were risk factors of renal deterioration, after adjustingfor low C3 levels and nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion: Complement-mediated glomerulonephritis was present in 4.3% ofpatients previously diagnosed with MPGN.
Synthesis of Antineoplaston A10 Analogs as Potential Antitumor Agents
Choi, Bo-Gil,Kim, Ok-Young,Chung, Byung-Ho,Cho, Won-Jea,Cheon, Seung-Hoon,Choi, Sang-Un,Lee, Chong-Ock The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1998 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.21 No.2
Several aniline mustard analogues were obtained by introducing N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino moiety to phenyl ring of A10 analogues in order to increase reactivity of A10 analogs and selectivity into DNA. The in vitro antitumor activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated using five different solid tumor cell lines by SRB method. Aniline mustard analogues exhibited more potent antitumor activity than A10 analogs. Especially, m-aniline mustard of benzoyl analogue displayed remarkable antitumor activity.