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Cognitive and Driving Performance of Young and Elderly Driver’s on Unexpected Event
Murali Subramaniyam1,Se Jin Park,Hyun Kyoon Lim,Dong Gyun Kim,Heeran Lee,Myung Kug Moon 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Objective: The cognitive and driving performance of both young adult drivers and elderly drivers during unexpected driving situations were compared and analyzed, using a graphic driving simulator. Background: An unexpected event described as while driving, the lead-vehicle stops unexpectedly the participant vehicle needs to apply last minute braking to avoid accident. The physiological stress and responses involved during unexpected event are studied very little. Aging makes people do less social, physical and psychological activities. Method: The cognitive parameters considered were percentage of relative beta spectrum power, measured from Fz and O2 area using electroencephalogram, and R-R interval measured using an electrocardiogram. The driving performances measured from the driving simulator were: crash rate, inter vehicle distance, reaction time, full braking time and participant vehicle approaching velocity to the unexpected event. There were two groups of participants employed in this study. The younger group 26.3±2.0 years of age and older group were 65.6±5.0 years of age. Nineteen participants were assigned to each group, and these groups included only male drivers. All the participants were experienced two unexpected driving situations, one while driving at 70 km/h and another at 90 km/h. Results: Compared with young drivers, elderly drivers showed longer and greater cognitive stain during unexpected events. Electroencephalogram analysis showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in relative beta spectrum power before and after the unexpected event, and also a significant difference (p < 0.05) between driving situations. Young drivers reacted quicker to the sudden event than elderly drivers. Therefore, the crash rates were higher by the elderly drivers in both driving situations. Conclusion: Elderly drivers showed the different physiological responses under unexpected events and may need different guides for the safer driving.
Subramaniyam Sathiyamoorthy,Jun-Gyo In,Byum-Soo Lee,Woo-Seang Kwon,Dong-Uk Yang,Ju-Han Kim,Deok-Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1
Panax ginseng root has been used as a major source of ginsenoside throughout the history of oriental medicine. In recent years, scientists have found that all of its biomass, including embryogenic calli and fl ower buds can contain similar active ingredients with pharmacological functions. In this study, transcriptome analyses were used to identify different gene expressions from embryogenic calli and fl ower buds. In total, 6,226 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained from cDNA libraries of P. ginseng. Insilico analysis was conducted to annotate the putative sequences using gene ontology functional analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthology biochemical analysis, and interproscan protein functional domain analysis. From the obtained results, genes responsible for growth, pathogenicity, pigments, ginsenoside pathway, and development were discussed. Almost 83.3% of the EST sequence was annotated using one-dimensional insilico analysis.
Subramaniyam Suresh,Kuravappullam Vedhaiyan Radha 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.2
Mustard oilcake was used as a novel substrate for phytase production with Rhizopus oligosporus MTCC 556. A mixed substrate (wheat bran:mustard oil cake) was used to optimize different medium components under solid state fermentation at a 62% moisture content, pH 5.5, 30ºC, an inoculum level of 15%, and a ratio of the volume of a salt solution to the mass of mixed substrate 1.5 mL:10 g. Different carbon and nitrogen sources were used for production of phytase. Use of the nutritional supplements maltose and ammonium sulfate resulted in high phytase yields. The hydrolytic ability of partially purified phytase was evaluated using 5 different food grains. Wheat flour showed a 43.78% phytic acid reduction, rice flour showed 92% release of inorganic phosphorus, and corn flour showed 81 and 68% releases of soluble proteins and reducing sugars. Thus, phytase is suitable for feed applications.
Subramaniyam, Sathiyamoorthy,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Jun Gyo, In,Bum-Soo, Lee,Sungyoung, Lee,Deok Chun, Yang Springer 2011 Plant cell reports Vol.30 No.11
<P>Gynosaponins (Gypenosides) are major phyto-chemicals in Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.), with similarities to the ginsenosides present in Panax ginseng. Gynosaponins are classified as terpenoid compounds. In G. pentaphyllum, 25% of the total gynosaponins are similar to ginsenosides. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional levels of the G. pentaphyllum genome to identify secondary metabolite genes. The complete transcriptomes for the roots and leaves were obtained using a GS-FLX pyro-sequencer. In total, we obtained 265,340 and all reads were well annotated according to biological databases. Using insilico analysis, 84% of sequence were well annotated and we obtained most of the secondary metabolite genes that represent mono-, di-, tri- and sesquiterpenoids. From our EST, most of the terpenoid genes were noted, among those few similar genes were studied in P. ginseng and these transcripts will help to characterize more triterpenoid genes in G. pentaphyllum. Also help to compare P. ginseng and G. pentaphyllum at transcriptome level.</P>
Analysis of chigger mite genome and its application
Sathiyamoorthy Subramaniyam,Kesavan Markkandan,Myunghee Jung,Seungil Yoo,Junhyung Park,JongYul Roh,E-hyun Shin,Mi-Yeoun Park,Young Ran Ju,Ju Hyeon Kim,Deok Ho Kwon,Kyungjae A. Yoo,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
Leptotrombidium pallidum is the major vector mites for Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. To understand the molecular mechanism of L. pallidum, we sequenced the whole genome using Illumina sequencing technology. Totally four genomic libraries with different insert sizes ranging from 280 bp to 8 kb were used to generate 45.1 Gb of genome in the combination of paired-end and mate-pairs sequencing reads. Quality filtering and correction of paired-end reads for very small and/or bad-quality sequences yielded 26.9 Gb of high-quality sequences, which are used to estimate the genome size as 175 Mbusing kmer methods and assembled into a 193.7 Mb genomic sequence scaffolds with N50 length of 92,945 bp. Furthermore, 94% of CEGMA completeness score were obtained from genome scaffold assembly. To facilitate gene annotation, we used a combination of de novo and homology based tools to predict gene models in the chigger mite genome. A combination of evidence-based and de novo approaches predicted 15,842 high-confidence protein-coding genes with an average transcript length of 1,511 bp and 2.4 exons per gene which corresponds to about 12.4% total gene length. Bacterial endosymbiosis are very common in mite species and can range from mutualistic to pathogenic associations. Henceforth, the endosymbionts in L. pallidum were predicted using the NCBI microbial draft genomes and mitochondrial genome. Besides, this L. pallidum draft genome can be used as a significant reference for comparative genomic studies across mite species.
Influence of Aging on Isometric Muscle Strength and Lifting Capacity
( Murali Subramaniyam ),( Sangho Park ),( Seung Nam Min ),( Se Jin Park ) 한국감성과학회 2015 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-
The Korean population is constantly evolving. According to the National Statistical Office (NSO), people over 65 years of age will account for 38.2 percent of Korea’s population in 2050, making it the most aged society among the 30 member economies of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Lifting tasks have been shown to be a risk factors of low back injuries in young adults. As aging is related to loss of muscle strength, working elderly subjects exposed to manual handling and lifting tasks may be more prone to develop back injuries. The manual lifting strategies influenced by back and leg extensors strength. This study sought to investigate whether the isometric muscle strength and lifting capacity affected by aging. The sample consisted of a total of 45 elderly (20 male and 25 female) and 40 young (20 male and 20 female) adults. Lifting capacity was measured with the back-leg dynamometer. Isometric muscle strength was recorded simultaneously with the capture of the electrical activity of left (LT) and right (RT) side lumbar erector spinae (ES) muscle. A surface electromyography (sEMG) system was used to measure the electrical activity of the muscles. Results showed that there was a significant reduction in elderly lifting capacity than younger adults. The elderly adults had significantly lower muscle strength in the isometric muscle strength compared to younger adults.
Efficiency evaluation of micro factory for micro pump manufacture
Murali Subramaniyam,박상호,최성일,송준엽,박종권 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.2
The micro factory, a miniature manufacturing system, is a means of achieving higher throughput with minimal space, and minimal consumption of energy and resources by downsizing of production processes. Even though, a micro factory is able to perform whole manufacturing processes like the macro factory, the possibility of improving its manufacturing efficiency has not been considered enough. In this paper, an efficiency index is proposed to calculate the efficiency of the micro factory to manufacture a micro pump. The efficiency index has been proposed based on efficiency definition with input and output parameters of the system. Input parameters include cost of system, processing time and energy. Output parameters represent number of product manufactured from the microfactory. Cost of the system has been categorized by micro assembly machine cost, cost of resources, manipulators’ cost, manufacturing space value, and human operators. Processing time has been categorized by assembly time and material handling time.