Preparation of Thermo-Responsive and Injectable Hydrogels Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Their Drug Release Behaviors

Ha Dong In,Lee Sang Bong,Chong Moo Sang,Lee Young Moo,Kim So Yeon,Park Young Hoon The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.1

Copolymers composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared to create temperature-sensitive injectable gels for use in controlled drug delivery applications. Semi-telechelic PNIPAAm, with amino groups at the end of each main chain, was synthesized by radical polymerization using 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (AESH) as the chain transfer agent, and was then grafted onto the carboxyl groups of HA using carbodiimide chemistry. The result of the thermo-optical analysis revealed that the phase transition of the PNIPAAm-grafted HA solution occurred at around 30$\∼$33$^{circ}C$. As the graft yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone increased, the HA-g-PNIPAAm copolymer solution exhibited sharper phase transition. The short chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=6,100) showed a narrower temperature range for optical turbidity changes than the long chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=13,100). PNIPAAm-grafted HA exhibited an increase in viscosity above 35$^{circ}C$, thus allowing the gels to maintain their shape for 24 h after in vivo administration. From the in vitro riboflavin release study, the HA-g-PNIPAAm gel showed a more sustained release behavior when the grafting yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone was increased. In addition, BSA released from the PNIPAAm-g-HA gels showed a maximum concentration in the blood 12 h after being injected into the dorsal surface of a rabbit, followed by a sustained release profile after 60 h.

Quality Evaluation of Imported Clam by Sensory Test, Chemical and Microbiological Measurements, and Volatile Compounds Analysis

So–Hee Choi,Sung-Rae Cho,Dong-Lee Hong,Ha-min Ji,Seon-Bong Kim,Yang-Bong Lee 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2017 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2017 No.11

대응규칙(對應規則)을 통한 일본한자음(日本漢字音) 지도법(指導法) ㅁ·ㅂ·ㅍ 계열을 중심으로-

하소정 ( Ha So-jung ),이경철 ( Lee Kyong-chul ) 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원 (구 고려대학교 일본연구센터) 2018 일본연구 Vol.30 No.-

본 연구에서는 일본의 常用漢字(2010)에서 音讀을 가진 漢字만을 추출하여 [常用漢字 字音 分析表]를 작성하였다. 이를 바탕으로 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅁ · ㅂ · ㅍ]에 대응하는 한자 332字를 추출한 후, 韓國漢字音과 日本漢字音의 대응관계 및 한자의 中古音 聲母와 한자음의 系統에 따른 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅁ]은 マ行(55.64%) · バ行(42.74%)과 가장 많이 대응하고 있었다. 이 때 子音 [ㅁ]에 대응하는 マ行은 대부분 吳音이었으며, バ行은 모두 漢音이었다. 그리고 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅂ]은 ハ行(74.73%) · バ行(25.26%)과 대부분 대응하고 있었으며, 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅍ]은 ハ行(85.5%) · バ行(14.49%)과 대응하고 있었다. 이 때 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅂ · ㅍ]에 대응하는 バ行은 대부분 吳音이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅁ · ㅂ · ㅍ]과 日本漢字音 사이의 이러한 규칙적인 대응양상을 [대응규칙]으로 제시하였다. 아울러 이러한 [대응규칙]을 교육에 활용할 수 있도록 [1. 흥미유발], [2. 대응목록 제시], [3. 대응규칙 제시], [4. 연습문제], [5. 다음 대응규칙 제시]라는 5단계의 교수-학습 방안을 제시하였다. In this study, we extracted only Chinese characters with a On’yomi in the Joyokanji Table(2010) and used them as research data. Then, after extracting 332 Chinese characters corresponding to the /m/(ㅁ) · /p/(ㅂ) · /ph/(ㅍ) consonants of Sino-Korean, we analyzed the correspondence relationship between Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese. And also analysis of Chinese characters was conducted according to the system of Chinese characters and the Ancient Chinese. As a result, the /m/ consonant of Sino-Korean are mostly corresponded to Ma-gyo/m/(55.64%) and Ba-gyo/b/(42.74%) in Sino-Japanes. In this case, except for nine to ten Chinese characters, Ma-gyo/m/(55.64%%) was almost Go’on and Ba-gyo/b/(42.74%%) was all Kan’on. And the /p/(ㅂ) consonant of Sino-Korean are mostly corresponded to Ha-gyo/h/(74.73%) and Ba-gyo/b/(25.26%) in Sino-Japanes, and the /ph/(ㅍ) consonant of Sino-Korean are corresponded to Ha-gyo/h/(85.5%) and Ba-gyo/b/(14.49%) in Sino-Japanes. In this case, the Ba-gyo/b/ corresponding to the /p/(ㅂ) and /ph/(ㅍ) consonants of Sino-Korean were mostly Go’on. Therefore, we suggested ‘correspondence rules’ on the basis of these regular correspondence relationships between /m/(ㅁ) · /p/(ㅂ) · /ph/(ㅍ) consonants of Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese. In addition, we proposed 5 steps of teaching- learning method in order to utilize these rules in Japanese language education. Step 1 is ‘Provoke interest’. Step 2 is ‘Presentation of the Chinese language list in which the correspondence rule exists’. Step 3 is ‘Presentation of correspondence rule’. Step 4 is ‘Practice correspondence rules through words’. Step 5 is ‘Presentation of next correspondence rules and guide on rules’.

對應規則을 통한 日本漢字音 指導法

河素偵(Ha, So-jung),李京哲(Lee, Kyong-chul) 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원 2018 일본연구 Vol.30 No.-

본 연구에서는 일본의 常用漢字(2010)에서 音讀을 가진 漢字만을 추출하여 [常用漢字 字 音 分析表]를 작성하였다. 이를 바탕으로 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅁ·ㅂ·ㅍ]에 대응하는 한자 332字를 추출한 후, 韓國漢字音과 日本漢字音의 대응관계 및 한자의 中古音 聲母와 한자음의 系統에 따른 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅁ]은 マ行(55.64%) · バ行 (42.74%)과 가장 많이 대응하고 있었다. 이 때 子音 [ㅁ]에 대응하는 マ行은 대부분 吳音이었으며, バ行은 모두 漢音이었다. 그리고 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅂ]은 ハ行(74.73%) · バ行 (25.26%)과 대부분 대응하고 있었으며, 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅍ]은 ハ行(85.5%) · バ行 (14.49%)과 대응하고 있었다. 이 때 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅂ·ㅍ]에 대응하는 バ行은 대부분 吳音이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 韓國漢字音의 子音 [ㅁ·ㅂ·ㅍ]과 日本漢字音 사이의 이러한 규칙적인 대응양상을 [대응규칙]으로 제시하였다. 아울러 이러한 [대응규칙]을 교육에 활용할 수 있도록 [1. 흥미유발], [2. 대응목록 제시], [3. 대응규칙 제시], [4. 연습문제], [5. 다음 대응규칙 제 시]라는 5단계의 교수-학습 방안을 제시하였다. In this study, we extracted only Chinese characters with a On’yomi in the Joyokanji Table(2010) and used them as research data. Then, after extracting 332 Chinese characters corresponding to the /m/(ㅁ)· /p/(ㅂ)·/ph/(ㅍ) consonants of Sino-Korean, we analyzed the correspondence relationship between Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese. And also analysis of Chinese characters was conducted according to the system of Chinese characters and the Ancient Chinese. As a result, the /m/ consonant of Sino-Korean are mostly corresponded to Ma-gyo/m/(55.64%) and Ba-gyo /b/(42.74%) in Sino-Japanes. In this case, except for nine to ten Chinese characters, Ma-gyo /m/(55.64%%) was almost Go’on and Ba-gyo /b/(42.74%%) was all Kan’on. And the /p/(ㅂ) consonant of Sino-Korean are mostly corresponded to Ha-gyo /h/(74.73%) and Ba-gyo /b/(25.26%) in Sino-Japanes, and the /ph/(ㅍ) consonant of Sino-Korean are corresponded to Ha-gyo /h/(85.5%) and Ba-gyo /b/(14.49%) in Sino-Japanes. In this case, the Ba-gyo /b/ corresponding to the /p/(ㅂ) and /ph/(ㅍ) consonants of Sino-Korean were mostly Go’on . Therefore, we suggested ‘correspondence rules’ on the basis of these regular correspondence relationships between /m/(ㅁ)· /p/(ㅂ) · /ph/(ㅍ) consonants of Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese. In addition, we proposed 5 steps of teaching-learning method in order to utilize these rules in Japanese language education. Step 1 is ‘Provoke interest’. Step 2 is ‘Presentation of the Chinese language list in which the correspondence rule exists’. Step 3 is ‘Presentation of correspondence rule’. Step 4 is ‘Practice correspondence rules through words’. Step 5 is ‘Presentation of next correspondence rules and guide on rules’.

STS powder의 무전해 니켈 도금

이종권,박소연,하미영,김소연 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2006 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.1

Nickel was electroless-plating on 304L stainless steel powder. To obtain uniform coating and dispersion of powder, the bath was continuously agitated with magnetic stirrer. The pH and bath temperatures were varied. The tested conditions were in the range of pH4∼10, 65℃ respectively. The coating morphologies were examined by SEM/EDS. The optimum condition was pH9 at 65℃.

무선 ATM에서의 동적 슬롯 할당 알고리즘

이지현,유소영,서주하 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 産業技術硏究 Vol.21 No.A

In recent years, the predominant part in telecommunications is mobile communications. The next generation network is extending today's voice-only mobile networks to multi-service networks. ATM Network is possible to carry such multi-media traffic and it will be expect to use wireless ATM for the future mobile access network. One of manly important aspects for the performance of wireless ATM is the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. The MAC protocol must be able to satisfyingly handle the different ATM services (CBR, VBR, ABR and UBR) with their radically different performance requirements. Additionally, the MAC protocol must be able to cope with the complex radio environment where fading, multi-path propagation interference and burst-errors further complicate the situation. In this paper, a dynamic slot allocation algorithm in wireless ATM is proposed for an efficient channel sharing/media access at the MAC layer. We use equivalent capacity in the allocation of slots for VBR traffic which is variable along the time. It is simple and effective slot allocation method for VBR service. In particular, we consider the slot allocation of a session consisted of several connections for requirement of multimedia traffic. Simulation shows that the cell loss ratio is reduced by re-allocation of extra slots in Mobile Terminal (MT).

유아교육기관의 운영관리 및 유아기 프로그램 평가

이소은,하진희,류혜선,박영주,주은혜,이종순 충북대학교 교육생활연구소 2001 생활과학연구논총 Vol.4 No.-

This purposes of this study were to assess the state of current administration and program contents in early childhood institutes. Using APECP(Assessnt Profile for Early Childhood Programs), assesment data were gathered from 27 apprentices in child care centers and 6 apprentices in Kindergarten in Cheongju. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze data. The result were as follows : (1) The distribution of percentile rate in administration was from 55% to 78%, and the area of Program Development scored the lowest. The assessments for Kindergarten were higher than those of child care center in the areas of Physical Facility, Food Service, and Program Management. (2) As for the program contents, percentile rate was from 62% to 80%, and generally the assessments for Kindergarten were higher than those of child care center. It appears that the certification and assessment system for ealry childhood institutions should be supervised more strongly in order to improve the qulaity of those institutions.

오감(五感)적 요소를 접목한 브랜드 스페이스 연출 계획 -마임 화장품 프레쉬가든을 중심으로-

김소현,임하영,장효실,최혜원,이진민,장미정,이성애 숙명여자대학교 산업디자인연구소 2017 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.24 No.-

인간이 갖고 있는 감각 기관은 시각, 청각, 후각, 촉각, 미각의 총 다섯 가지로, 이를 모두 활용 할 때 이상적 공간 상호작용이 가능하다. 본 연구는 화장품의 공간 연출 계획 시 오감적 요소를 접목하여 브랜드 이미지를 구축하는 일련의 프로세스를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2017년 3월~6월 15주간 숙명여대 환경디자인학과 <융합연출디자인> 수업에서 진행된 수업의 결과물로서 작업물을 정리하였다. 그 결과 본 연구는 제품이나 서비스를 직접 경험할 수 있도록 다양한 엔터테인먼트적 요소를 결합하여 기능적 만족감과 더불어 체험적 만족감 제공하는 오감적 디스플레이를 제안하였다. 본 연구는 오감을 활 용한 뷰티 쇼룸으로 감각을 공간에 어떠한 방식으로 적용할 것인지에 대한 정립을 했다는 데에 의의가 있다. 아울러 다양한 매체와 공간의 개념이 일반화 되어 가는 오늘날 기업 환경 속에서 오감적 체험을 기반으로 한 공간연출은 가상의 공간속에서도 유연하게 적용 가능한 디스플레이 요소로 확인되었다. 또한 본 연구는 향후 이와 관련된 쇼룸 공간 개발에 있어서 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

방광 크롬친화세포종과 동반된 배뇨후 벼락두통

하윤석,강성진,허소영,이지현,김민정,김종국,김광수 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.1

Thunderclap headache is a hyperacute, severe headache that is so named because the pain strikes suddenly and severely, and is sometimes a sign of a medical emergency. We report a case of pheochromocytoma in the urinary bladder in a 48-year-old woman who presented with recurrent thunderclap headache after voiding and exercise. So we think thunderclap headache during or immediately after micturition may be an important diagnostic clue of bladder pheochromocytoma.

인삼의 Thromboxane 합성저해 활성분획에 관한 연구

류재하,이소영 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 1996 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.12 No.-

Crude ginseng saponin fraction reduced the production of thromboxane A_2-the final product of prostaglandin H synthase(PGHS), in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated rat aveolar macrophages. By the treatment of LPS, macrophages induce the isoform of PGHS (PGHS-2) which is involved in the inflammation. Recently, the inhibitor of PGHS-2 is the major target for the development of anti-inflammation. Recently, the inhibitor of PGHS-2 is the major target for the development of anti-inflammatory agents having no side effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In order to make more potent preparation of ginseng, several kinds of ginseng fractions were monitored for the inhibitory activity of thromboxane synthesis in macrophages. The cold methanol extract and saponin poor fraction are more potent than hot water extract and saponin rich fraction, respectively. These results showed that non-polar components of ginseng may be the good source for PGHS-2 antagonist for the development of anti-inflammatory agents.