漢字實現方式的變革給漢字帶來的變化

( Shu Yan Gao ),( Hong Zhi Li ) 한국한자한문교육학회 2014 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.33 No.-

본고는 인쇄술의 발명을 경계로 삼아, 한자의 구현 방식을 정리하고, 또한 구현 방식의 변혁에 따라 발생한 한자의 변화를 분석하였다. 역사시기에 따른 비교와 정리 중에서 우리는 한자의 발전과 그 구현 방식이 매우 밀접한 관련이 있음을 발견할 수 있다. 초기의 새김(뚫기)로부터 주조의 방식을 거쳐 후에 이러지는 쓰기, 찍기(인장), 디지털화 등에 이르기까지 구현 방식의 변혁은 또한 한자의 발전의 중요한 요소 중 하나가 되었다. 인쇄술의 발명 이후 한자는 몇 가지 변화를 일으키는데, 공예적 성격의 도구가 제작되었고, 대규모 복제의 실용 목적이 생겨났으며, 체제를 갖춤에 있어 특수성과 선택 가능성이 갖추어졌다. “쓰기 문자”와 “읽기 문자”의 분야에서도 풍격과 아름다움의 원칙을 지니면서, 규격화의 특징을 갖추었고, 상품의 가치를 증가시키고 있으며, 시장의 수요에 연계되어 날로 그 관계가 밀접해 지고 있다. This paper introduces the history of the implementation way of Chinese characters, according to the invention of printing as the boundary. And analyzes different implementation ways leading to the changes of Chinese characters. From the analysis, we can see there is a close relationship between the development and the implementation of Chinese characters. From the early cutting, casting, to writing, printing, digitalization, the changes of implementations is one element to promote the development of Chinese characters. After the invention of printing, there have been some changes for Chinese characters, the mainly changes are: technology means, produce for purposes of the large-scale replication, the carrier of unique characteristics and selectivity, difference between "characters for writing" and "characters for reading", model style, commercial value of character, close ties with the market demand.

Laparoscopic Extralevator Abdominoperineal Excision

Shu Yan Kwok 대한외과학회 2020 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2020 No.11

The Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Shu Yan Ng,Josette Bettany-Saltikov,Irene Yuen Kwan Cheung,Karen Kar Yin Chan 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.6

Several theories have been proposed to explain the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) until present. However, limited data are available regarding the impact of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency on scoliosis. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are prevalent in adolescents, including AIS patients. A series of studies conducted in Hong Kong have shown that as many as 30% of these patients have osteopenia. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level has been found to positively correlate with bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy adolescents and negatively with Cobb angle in AIS patients; therefore, vitamin D deficiency is believed to play a role in AIS pathogenesis. This study attempts to review the relevant literature on AIS etiology to examine the association of vitamin D and various current theories. Our review suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with several current etiological theories of AIS. We postulate that vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency affects AIS development by its effect on the regulation of fibrosis, postural control, and BMD. Subclinical deficiency of vitamin K2, a fat-soluble vitamin, is also prevalent in adolescents; therefore, it is possible that the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is related to decreased fat intake. Further studies are required to elucidate the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and clinical management of AIS.

WEIGHTED EVIDENTIAL FUSION METHOD FOR FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION BASED ON OIL ANALYSIS DATA

Yan Shu-fa,Ma Biao,Zheng Chang-song,Chen Man 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.5

Condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnosis are critical for the stable and reliable operation of mechanical transmissions. Mechanical transmission wear, which leads to changes in the physicochemical properties of the lubrication oil and thus severe wear, is a slow degradation process that can be monitored by oil analysis, but the actual degradation degree is difficult to evaluate. To solve this problem, we propose a new weighted evidential data fusion method to better characterize the degradation degree of the mechanical transmission through the fusion of multiple CM datasets from oil analysis. This method includes weight allocation and data fusion steps that lead to a more accurate data-based fault diagnostic result for CM. First, the weight of each evidence is modeled with a weighted average function by measuring the relative scale of the permutation entropy from each CM dataset. Then, the multiple CM datasets are fused by the Dempster combination rule. Compared with other evidential data fusion methods, the proposed method using the new weight allocation function seems more reasonable. The rationality and superiority of the proposed method were evaluated through a case study involving an oilbased CM dataset from a power-shift steering transmission.

Coexistence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Proband of an X-Linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1 Pedigree in China

Shu-Yan Feng,Shu-Man Feng,Liu-Yi Li,Zhang-Yu Zou 대한신경과학회 2018 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.14 No.2

Fusion Expression and Immunogenicity of EHEC EspA-Stx2A1 Protein: Implications for the Vaccine Development

Yan Cheng,Youjun Feng,Ping Luo,Jiang Gu,Shu Yu,Wei-jun Zhang,Yan-qing Liu,Qing-xu Wang,Quan-ming Zou,Xu-hu Mao 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.4

Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) is a major virulence factor for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), which is encoded by λ lysogenic phage integrated into EHEC chromosome. Stx2A1, A1 subunit of Stx2 toxin has gathered extensive concerns due to its potential of being developed into a vaccine candidate. However, the substantial progress is hampered in part for the lack of a suitable in vitro expression system. Here we report use of the prokaryotic system pET-28a::espA-Stx2A1/BL21 to carry out the fusion expression of Stx2A1 which is linked to E. coli secreted protein A (EspA) at its N-terminus. Under the IPTG induction, EspA- Stx2A1 fusion protein in the form of inclusion body was obtained successfully, whose expression level can reach about 40% of total bacterial protein at 25°C, much higher than that at 37°C. Western blot test suggested the refolded fusion protein is of excellent immuno-reactivity with both monoclonal antibodies, which are specific to EspA and Stx2A1, respectively. Anti-sera from Balb/c mice immunized with the EspA-Stx2A1 fusion protein were found to exhibit strong neutralization activity and protection capability in vitro and in vivo. These data have provided a novel feasible method to produce Stx2A1 in large scale in vitro, which is implicated for the development of multivalent subunit vaccines candidate against EHEC O157:H7 infections.

Comparison of Serum Tumor Associated Material (TAM) with Conventional Biomarkers in Cancer Patients

Shu, Jian,Li, Cheng-Guang,Liu, Yang-Chen,Yan, Xiao-Chun,Xu, Xu,Huang, Xin-En,Cao, Jie,Li, Ying,Lu, Yan-Yan,Wu, Xue-Yan,Liu, Jin,Xiang, Jin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objective: To compare expression level of serum tumor associated materials (TAM) with several conventional serum tumor biomarkers, eg., carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), in selected solid tumors. Methods: Patients diagnosed histologically or cytologically with liver, breast, esophageal, gastric, colorectal or pancreatic cancers were enrolled into this study. After diagnosis, the level of TAM was determined by chemical colorimetry, and levels of conventional tumor markers was measured by chemiluminescence methods. Results: A total of 560 patients were enrolled into this study. No statistically significant difference was detected in TAM and the above mentioned tumor biomarkers in terms of their positivity and negativity ( P>0. 05). Conclusions: Detection of TAM in liver, breast, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer patients demonstrates a good accordance with CEA, CA199, CA153, and AFP, thus suggesting that further study is warranted to verify whether TAM could be a surrogate for these conventional biomarkers.

Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Factors Affecting Listening Performance of Chinese EFL Learners

Shu-Yan Wang,차경환 아시아테플 2019 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.16 No.1

Foreign language listening anxiety (FLLA), which consists of various factors influencing listening performance, has been extensively investigated in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts. However, little attention has been given to the effects of FLLA factors in different listening proficiency levels. This paper investigated 78 English majors from a Chinese university to examine the differences between and the effects of FLLA factors on listening performance in low (n = 20) and high-proficient (n = 19) EFL listeners. The participants were required to complete a 25-item FLLA questionnaire and take a listening test. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the two groups were significantly different in their self-belief in listening proficiency. Sequential multiple regression analyses showed that the listening-anxiety factor was a negative predictor, and the (lack of) self-belief factor was a positive predictor, for less proficient listeners. However, the three factors (including the decoding-skills factor) had no explanatory power in the high-proficient group’s listening performance. Additionally, dissatisfaction with one’s current listening proficiency may facilitate the less proficient listeners’ performance but has a considerably detrimental impact on higher proficient listeners. Finally, pedagogical implications of FL listening anxiety and research suggestions are included.

Adiabatic runaway studies for methyl ethyl ketone peroxide with inorganic acids by vent sizing package 2

Yan-Fu Lin,Jiann-Rong Chen,Jo-Ming Tseng,Shu-Yu S. Wang,Chi-Min Shu 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.3

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) is an unstable material that is classified as an explosive substance. We evaluated MEKPO 10 mass% under mixing with three inorganic acids (6 N HNO3, 6 N H3PO4, and 6 N H2SO4) by adiabatic system of vent sizing package 2 (VSP2). Results from evaluation and testing indicated that these three inorganic acids could increase the degree of hazard while combined with pure MEKPO. Therefore, information on the hazards and phenomena of runaway reaction should be provided in order to lessen the degree of hazard.

Sensory involvement in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Yan-Su Guo,Dong-Xia Wu,Hong-Ran Wu,Shu-Yu Wu,Cheng Yang,Bin Li,Hui Bu,Yue-sheng Zhang,Chun-Yan Li 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.3

A subset of patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) present with mutation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and such mutants caused an ALSlike disorder when expressed in rodents. These findings implicated SOD1 in ALS pathogenesis and made the transgenic animals a widely used ALS model. However, previous studies of these animals have focused largely on motor neuron damage. We report herein that the spinal cords of mice expressing a human SOD1 mutant (hSOD1-G93A), besides showing typical destruction of motor neurons and axons, exhibit significant damage in the sensory system, including Wallerian-like degeneration in axons of dorsal root and dorsal funiculus, and mitochondrial damage in dorsal root ganglia neurons. Thus, hSOD1-G93A mutation causes both motor and sensory neuropathies, and as such the disease developed in the transgenic mice very closely resembles human ALS. A subset of patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) present with mutation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and such mutants caused an ALSlike disorder when expressed in rodents. These findings implicated SOD1 in ALS pathogenesis and made the transgenic animals a widely used ALS model. However, previous studies of these animals have focused largely on motor neuron damage. We report herein that the spinal cords of mice expressing a human SOD1 mutant (hSOD1-G93A), besides showing typical destruction of motor neurons and axons, exhibit significant damage in the sensory system, including Wallerian-like degeneration in axons of dorsal root and dorsal funiculus, and mitochondrial damage in dorsal root ganglia neurons. Thus, hSOD1-G93A mutation causes both motor and sensory neuropathies, and as such the disease developed in the transgenic mice very closely resembles human ALS.