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Jeong, Jiyoung,Lee, Seonghan,Kim, Sung-Hyun,Han, Youngju,Lee, Dong-Keon,Yang, Jun-Young,Jeong, Jayoung,Roh, Changhyun,Huh, Yun Suk,Cho, Wan-Seob Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 Nanotoxicology Vol.10 No.10
<P>Although surface area metric was suggested as an appropriate dose metric for acute lung inflammation of NPs, it might not be effective for fast-dissolving NPs because they lose their reactive surface when dissolved in the phagolysosomes. Herein, we evaluated the dose metric for fast-dissolving NPs using a rat intratracheal instillation model. A panel of fast-dissolving NPs (CoO, CuO and ZnO) and their constituent metal ions (CoCl2, CuCl2 and ZnCl2) were compiled and each compound was intratracheally instilled into the lungs of female Wistar rats at the same molar concentrations in the NP doses (40, 100 and 400g/rat). The toxicity endpoints including cytological and biochemical data in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were evaluated at 24h after instillation. To evaluate the dose metric, each toxicity endpoint was plotted against the instilled dose (mass or surface area) or the equivalent dose (mass or surface area) that was weighted by the ratio of specific dose-generated responses between metal chlorides. Dose-response curves of fast-dissolving NPs about percentage of granulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase levels and total protein levels showed similar pattern but slightly less potential than those of their respective metal chlorides. When each toxicity endpoint was plotted against the equivalent mass dose, three types of NPs showed more overlapping dose-response curves than other dose metrics. In conclusion, this study implies that the equivalent mass dose is an appropriate dose metric for fast-dissolving NPs and the main factor determining the slope of the dose-response curve is the intrinsic toxicity of the their constituent ions.</P>
Unsupervised Spoken Language Understanding for a Multi-Domain Dialog System
Donghyeon Lee,Minwoo Jeong,Kyungduk Kim,Seonghan Ryu,Lee, Gary Geunbae IEEE 2013 IEEE - ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Lang Vol.21 No.11
<P>This paper proposes an unsupervised spoken language understanding (SLU) framework for a multi-domain dialog system. Our unsupervised SLU framework applies a non-parametric Bayesian approach to dialog acts, intents and slot entities, which are the components of a semantic frame. The proposed approach reduces the human effort necessary to obtain a semantically annotated corpus for dialog system development. In this study, we analyze clustering results using various evaluation metrics for four dialog corpora. We also introduce a multi-domain dialog system that uses the unsupervised SLU framework. We argue that our unsupervised approach can help overcome the annotation acquisition bottleneck in developing dialog systems. To verify this claim, we report a dialog system evaluation, in which our method achieves competitive results in comparison with a system that uses a manually annotated corpus. In addition, we conducted several experiments to explore the effect of our approach on reducing development costs. The results show that our approach be helpful for the rapid development of a prototype system and reducing the overall development costs.</P>
Oh Yuna,Lee Hye-In,Jeong Ji-A,Kim Seonghan,Oh Jeong-Il 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.9
Using a mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis lacking the major aa3 cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport chain (Δaa3), we demonstrated that inhibition of the respiratory electron transport chain led to an increase in antibiotic resistance of M. smegmatis to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and tetracycline. The alternative sigma factors SigB and SigE were shown to be involved in an increase in rifampicin resistance of M. smegmatis induced under respiration-inhibitory conditions. As in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SigE and SigB form a hierarchical regulatory pathway in M. smegmatis through SigE-dependent transcription of sigB. Expression of sigB and sigE was demonstrated to increase in the Δaa3 mutant, leading to upregulation of the SigB-dependent genes in the mutant. The phoU2 (MSMEG_1605) gene implicated in a phosphatesignaling pathway and the MSMEG_1097 gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase were identified to be involved in the SigB-dependent enhancement of rifampicin resistance observed for the Δaa3 mutant of M. smegmatis. The significance of this study is that the direct link between the functionality of the respiratory electron transport chain and antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria was demonstrated for the first time using an electron transport chain mutant rather than inhibitors of electron transport chain.
권은영(Kwon, Eun-Young),우경민(Kyeongmin Woo),진성한(Seonghan Jin),정태영(Tae-Young Jeong) 한국영어학회 2023 영어학 Vol.23 No.-
The purpose of this study is to show the development process of the Military English Army Basic Word List (MEABWL), which is specifically designed for military English. The process of developing MEABWL involves the following three steps: 1) create a military English corpus (MEA_Corpus) by crawling big data composed of various military-related written and spoken texts; 2) make word lists in three ways (i.e., by using the scope of range, utilizing the corpus comparison approach, and extracting keywords) and select the most appropriate one for the study; and 3) develop a word list incorporating expert judgment in regards to familiarity and specialty based on the word list categorized by the scope of range. By developing and presenting a military English word list through the establishment of a 9,877,104-word military corpus, this study is expected to help learners understand military-relevant texts and educators customize word lists following specific needs in their English for specific purposes (ESP) courses/classes. Finally, the study concludes by offering some suggestions for further research.
The Effects of Artemisinin on the Cytolytic Activity of Natural Killer (NK) Cells
Houh, Youn Kyung,Kim, Kyung Eun,Park, Sunyoung,Hur, Dae Young,Kim, Seonghan,Kim, Daejin,Bang, Sa Ik,Yang, Yoolhee,Park, Hyun Jeong,Cho, Daeho MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.7
<P>Artemisinin, a chemical compound used for the treatment of malaria, has been known to show anti-cancer activity. However, the effect of this chemical on natural killer (NK) cells, which are involved in tumor killing, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that artemisinin exerts a potent anti-cancer effect by activating NK cells. NK-92MI cells pre-treated with artemisinin were subjected to a cytotoxicity assay using K562 cells. The results showed that artemisinin significantly enhances the cytolytic activity of NK cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the artemisinin-enhanced cytotoxic effect of NK-92MI cells on tumor cells was accompanied by the stimulation of granule exocytosis, as evidenced by the detection of CD107a expression in NK cells. Moreover, this enhancement of cytotoxicity by artemisinin was also observed in human primary NK cells from peripheral blood. Our results suggest that artemisinin enhances human NK cell cytotoxicity and degranulation. This is the first evidence that artemisinin exerts antitumor activity by enhancing NK cytotoxicity. Therefore, these results provide a deeper understanding of the action of artemisinin and will contribute to the development and application of this class of compounds in cancer treatment strategies.</P>