수계 Microcosm 을 이용한 도금폐수의 독성평가

위성욱,稻森悠平,조경,나명석,이종빈 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.3

생태계를 평가하기 위한 평가법으로 주로 사용되는 이화학적 측정 평가법은 객관적인 측정치를 제시하는데 는 용이하다. 그러나 단지 측정치의 단순한 평균이나 최고치 만으로는 타 인자와의 복합 효과 또는 지속 시간에 의한 가중 효과 때문에 실상을 나타낼 수 없는 경우가 많다. 이에 따라 이화학적 측정치들을 객관적으로 종합하여 생태계의 상태를 파악할 필요성이 보다 중요하다. 즉 key factor나 trigger factor와 같은 생물체의 내성과 관련이 있는 인자들로 종이나 생태계의 조절 기구와의 관계를 평가해야 한다. 또한 생물을 이용하여 생태계를 평가하는 방법으로 지표종을 이용한 평가방법이 있으나 오염원에 대한 누적 효과나 종합적인 평가를 판단하는데는 한계성이 있다. 따라서 생태계를 하나의 단위로 하는 평가 방법이 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 실험은 생산자, 분해자, 소비자로 구성된 microcosm 이용하여 대표적인 산업폐수인 도금공장 폐수에 대한 독성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 도금 폐수의 이화학적 성상은 크롬 2,234.8mgl^-1,구리 3.1mgl^-1,아연 521.3mgl^-1로 크롬이 다량 함유되어 있었으며, 시안은 42.9mgl^-1이었다. 도금 폐수를 농도별로 microcosm 내에 첨가한 후 각 개체군들의 동태 변화를 조사한 결과 Ch. uulgaris는 모든 처리구에서 대조구보다 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, P putida는 대조구에 비해 증가하였으며, C.gloucoma는 농도가 증가함에 따라 개체수가 감소하기 시작하였으며, 2.5% 이상의 처리구에서는 모든 개체수가 사멸하였다. 본 연구 결과 제어된 생물환경 조건하에서 구성된 microcosm이 실험 재현성이 비교적 우수하고, 안정된 미소 생태계를 유지할 수 있어 산업 폐수 및 오폐수에 대한 새로운 독성평가 방법으로 적용이 가능할 것으로 본다. This research investigated experimentally on the population growth in the aquatic microcosm with the wastewater of plating factory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of culture conditions of the characteristic growth pattern of the examined species. Population of the system is consists of three organisms; Chlorella vulgaris as a producer, Cyclidium glaucoma as a consumer and Pseudomonas putida as a decomposer. The different growth patterns of each popultaion are followed by surfactant type; Especially C. glaucoma was sensitive, Ch. vulgaris was maintained population size stably even at high level of surfactant and P. putida was not significantly affected. After treatment of waste water from plating factory, it began to be affected at 1.0% solution treatment to Ch. vulgaris which the cell number was decreased prominently after 2 days, and C. glaucoma was disappeared at 2.5% solution treatment. P. putida was showed increasing pattern according to treatment concentration, at 2.5% solution and population size grew double. The result from current microcosm study indicates that this model system can be applied to environmental assessment method for various pollutants.

Original Articles : Genetic relationship of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from different sources by PFGE and flaA typing

( Huwang Wui Ho ),( Hee Jin Dong ),( Woo Hyun Kim ),( Ki Man Bang ),( Jae Uk An ),( Chun Hyung Kim ),( Jung Whan Chon ),( Kun Ho Seo ),( Tae Wook Hahn ),( Bok Kyung Ku ),( Seong Beom Cho ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2015 예방수의학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Abstract: Thirty-one Campylobacter jejuni isolates (22 from various local sources, 9 from imported chicken meats) weresubtyped with PFGE and flaA typing to investigate their genetic relatedness. Based on a 90% similarity criterion, 23 and 21genotypic patterns were formed by PFGE and flaA typing, respectively. The discriminatory indices for PFGE, flaA typing, anda composite analysis of PFGE and flaA typing were 0.9785, 0.9527, and 0.9871, respectively. Similar patterns in compositeanalysis were observed between sources (cattle and chicken, and cattle and human), indicating that reservoir animals mayhave been the source of human campylobacteriosis. Therefore, strict hygiene measures from farm to table should beimplemented to prevent diseases due to C. jejuni in humans.

DDT Reduced Testosterone and Aromatase Activity Via ER Receptor in Leyding Cell

Lee, Kyung Jin,Wui, Seong Uk,Heo, Jin,Kim, Sun Hee,Jeong, Ji Yeon,Lee, Jong-Bin 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구는 환경호르몬(endocrine disruptors)으로 분류되었으며, 제초제로 널리 사용되었던 Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)가 설치류의 생식세포 중 Leydig 세포의 testosterone(T) 생성억제 및 그 관련 작용메카니즘을 규명코자 수행되었다. 먼저 흰쥐의 웅성 생식세포주인 R2C 세포에 T의 양 및 aromatase 활성도를 radio immunoassay(RIA)방법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 R2C 세포에 황체형성호르몬(LH)를 처리하여 testosterone 생성을 증사시킨 후, DDT를 처리한 군들은 대조군에 비하여 농도 의존적으로 T의 양은 감소하였으며, aromatase 활성도는 증가하였다. 또한 DDT 자체만 처리한 군에서도 대조군에 비하여 testosterone의 생성이 감소하였다. 이러한 aromatase 활성 증가가 estradiol receplor(ER)와의 상호 관련성을 확인하기 위해 ER antagonist인 ICI 182.780를 처리한 후 T의 양 및 aromatase 활성도를 측정한 결과 DDT에 의해 증가된 aromatase 활성도가 ICI 182.780에 의해 다시 감소됨을 확인하였다. 또한 DDT에 의해 감소된 T의 양도 ICI 182.780에 의해 다시 회복되었다. In vivo 실험으로 흰쥐에 DDT를 직접 투여한 후 정소 내 성 호르몬들을 측정해 본 결과 T의 양은 유의성 있게 감소하였으며, estradiol(E2)의 양은 증가하였으며, aromatase 활성도도 감소하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 DDT는 aromatase를 감소시키고, 이렇게 감소된 aromatase에 의해 testosterone 생성량을 억제하고, 이러한 DDT의 aromatase의 감소는 ER을 경유하는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. Dichlorodiphenyttrichloroethane (DDT), is a wide-spread environmental pollutant. In this study, we investigated the effect of DDT on testosterone production through aromatase and investigated its molecular mechanism in testicular leydig cell, R2C. We investigated that the effects of DDT on testosterone production and its effects on aromatase activity in R2C cell by radio immunoassay (RIA). As the results, the potent leydig call activator LH increased testosterone production compared to the control. DDT exposure significantly decreased testosterone production in R2C cell and DDT alone affected T reduction in a dose-dependent manner in R2C cell slightly. In addition, DDT was found to increase aromatase activity in R2C cell in a dose dependent manner. In order to assess whether the suppressive effects of DDT on LH-inducible testosterone production might be influenced by the ER, ICI 182.780, a pure antiestrogen, was used, and it was found that these inhibitory effects of DDT were antagonized by ICI 182.780, implying that the ER mediates the suppressive effects of DDT. Furthermore, the inducible effects of DDT on aromatase might be influenced by the ER, ICI 182.780 was used, and it was found that these enhancing effects of DDT were antagonized by ICI 182.780, implying that the ER mediates the inducible effects of DDT. Our results indicated that DDT inhibition of LH-inducible testosterone production in R2C is mediated through aromatase. However, the precise mechanisms by which DDT enhance in leydig cell remains unknown. The current study suggests the possibility that DDT might act as a modulator aromatase gene transcription.

SLS ( Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ) 가 Microcosm 내의 개체군 동태에 미치는 영향

위인선(In Sun Wui),이종빈(Jong Bin Lee),수등융일,도삼유평,조경(Kyung Cho),나명석(Myung Suk Ra),위성욱(Seong Uk Wui) 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.3

We investigated each individual movement in the microcosm when synthetic detergent, SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate), was inflowed in the system. The microcosm is one of a small model ecosystem containing biotic species which selected from natural aquatic ecosystem and maintaining as culture system under controlled condition. As a result of inflowing SLS in the system 14 days after subculture (stabilizing stage), individuals of producer Chlorella vulgaris and decomposer Pseudomonas putida were stable at 10.0㎎/ℓ SLS. But, consumer Cyclidium glaucoma was begun to affect at 2.5 ㎎/ℓ SLS and this individual was disappeared in the system at 5.0 ㎎/ℓ SLS. This study was purposed for suggestion to one of environmental assessment method by using model system as investigation of individual movement in the microcosm after treating detergent, one of a aquatic pollutant.

Risk Assessment of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus into Korea through Migratory Wild Birds

Woo hyun Kim,Ki man Bang,Hung wui Ho,Hee jin Dong,Jae Uk An,Jun Hyung Kim,Seong beom Cho 대한수의학회 2015 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.-

Cadmium 함유수가 Microcosm 내의 개체군 동태에 미치는 영향

위인선,이종빈,수등융일 (須藤隆一),도삼유평 (稻森悠平),조경,나명석,위성욱 ( In Sun Wui,Jong Bin Lee,Ryuichi Sudo,Yuhei Inamori,Kyung Cho,Myung Seok Na,Seong Uk Wui ) 한국환경생물학회 1997 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study was conducted to provide environmental assessment method to the effect of chemical using aquatic model ecosystem. Microcosm is one of the culture system containing three species bioorganism, Chlorella vulgaris as a producer, Cyclidium glaucoma as a consumer, Psendomonas putida as a decomposer. This system is very simple, stable small-size ecosystem and shows high reproductivity and reflectivity to the natural ecosystem. It is purposed for evaluating 1) analysis method of population fluctuation, 2) culture condition, based on characteristics of individual species that selected from natural water. In order to investigate what variation bring out in the system after addition of cadmium in the culture system, population fluctuation was analyzed. When each species cultured in microcosm containig cadmium, it began to be affected by Cd 50 ㎎/ℓ Chlorella vulgaris, 0.5 ㎎/ℓ Cyclidium glaucoma, 5.0 ㎎/ℓ Pseudomonas putida in early time of culture.

Mechanisms of Tributyltin-induced Leyding Cell Apoptosis

Lee, Kyung Jin,Kim, Deok Song,Ra, Myung Suk,Wui, Seong Uk,Im, Wook Bin,Choi, Hueng Sik,Lee, Jong Bin 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구는 환경 호르몬으로 분류된 67종 중의 하나인, 선저 도료나 어망, 어구 및 방오페인트 재료로 사용되어지고 유기주석화합물(tributyltin)을 사용하여 설치류의 웅성생식세포에서 세포자연사를 일으키는 작용기작을 조사하였다. 먼저 흰쥐의 레이딕 세포주인 R2C에 유기주석화학물을 농도별 (1~500nM)로 처리한 후 DNA fragment현상을 전기영동법을 통하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 유기주석화합물을 처리한 군들에서 대조군에 비하여 세포자연사현상이 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 유기주석화합물이 세포 내 칼슘이온(Ca^(2+)) 및 유해 산소종(reactive oxygen species)에 미치는 영향을 조사해본 결과 유기주석화합물 처리시 세포 내 칼슘이온 및 유해 산소종이 시간에 의존적으로 크게 증가하였다. 또한 칼슘 킬레이터인 BAPTA를 전 처리한 경우 유기주석화합물에 의해 유도된 칼슘이온 및 유해 산소종이 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이러한 세포자연사 과정이 미토콘드리아의 cytochrome c 방출에 의한 과정인지를 확인하기 위해 세포질 내 cytochrome c 양을 western blot법을 사용하여 확인해 본 결과 유기주석화합물 처리 시간 및 농도에 따라 증가하며, 이 또한 BAPTA를 전처리 한 경우 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 또한 유기주석화합물이 세포자연사 유발 시 caspase-3 효소 활성과의 관계를 확인하기 위해 ELISA법을 사용하여 확인해 본 결과 유기주석화합물 처리 농도에 의존적으로 증가하였으며, caspase-3 효소 억제자로 잘 알려진 Z-DEVD FMK을 전 처리한 경우 유기주석화합물을 처리한 군에 비해 세포자연사율이 크게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 유기주석화합물은 세포 내 칼슘이온의 증가를 일으키고, 그로 인하여 세포질 내 유해산소종 및 cytochrome c의 양이 증가함으로써 세포자연사 다음 단계인 caspase 효소 활성의 증가를 통하여 흰쥐의 레이딕 세포주인 R2C의 세포자연사를 일으킬 것이라 추론할 수 있다. Tributyltin(TBT) used world-wide in antifouling paints for ships is a widespread environmental pollutant and cause reproductive organs atrophy in rodents. At low doses, antiproliferative modes of action have been shown to be involved, whereas at higher doses apoptosis seems to be the mechanism of toxicity in reproductive organs by TBT. In this study, we investigated that the mechanisms underlying DNA fragmentation induced by TBT in the rat leydig cell line, R2C cells by fluorescence detector. TBT significantly induced intracellular Ca^2+ level in a time-de-pendent manner. The rise in intracellular Ca^2+ level was followed by a time=dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cytosol level. Simultaneously, TBT induced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol. Furthermore, ROS production and the release of cytochrome c were reduced by BAPTA, an intracellular Ca^2+ chelator, indicating the important role of Ca^2+ in R2C during these early intracellular events. In addition, Z-DEVD FMK, a caspase-3 inhibitor, decreased apoptosis by TBT. Taken together, the present results indicated that the apoptotic pathway by TBT might start with an increase in intracellular Ca^2+ level, continues with release of ROS and cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of caspases, and finally results in DNA fragmentation.

동복호 (同福湖) 유입하천의 조류증식능에 (藻類增植能) 관한 연구

김현아,이나나,유춘만,위성욱,주현수,이종빈,위인선 ( Hyun Ah Kim,Na Na Lee,Chun Man Yu,Seong Uk Wui,Hyun Soo Joo,Jong Bin Lee,In Sun Wui ) 한국환경생물학회 1995 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.13 No.1

On filtered and autoclaved water samples from the upper stream of Lake Tong-Bok, physico-chemical analysis and algal growth potential (AGP) test using Selenastrum capricornutum Printz were performed from October, 1991 to July, 1992 in order to assess fertility potential of the lake and to identify possible limiting nutrients. Water temperature of the lake was fluctuated from 3.8℃ to 30.7℃, the range of pH was 6.0 to 8.0, the level of dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.5㎎/ℓ to 14.4㎎/ℓ, biochemical oxygen demand varied from 0.3㎎/ℓ to 7.6㎎/ℓ, and suspended solides was fluctuated from 0.7 ㎎/ℓ to 24.5㎎/ℓ. Results of nutrient analysis were as followings. The level ammonia was from ND(<0.01㎎/ℓ) to 0.74㎎/ℓ, nitrite and nitrate were ND(<0.01㎎/ℓ) - 0.06 ㎎/ℓ, 0.09㎎/ℓ - 1.33㎎/ℓ respectively. The range of phosphate level varied from ND(<0. 01㎎/ℓ) -0.24㎎/ℓ, and total phosphorus was fluctuated 0.04㎎/ℓ - 0.63㎎/ℓ. Algal growth potentials of the filtered and filtered after autoclaved samples were 0.1 ㎎/ℓ - 21.0㎎/ℓ and 2.9㎎/ℓ - 13.9㎎/ℓ respectively during surveyed period. AGP of the filtered after autoclaved were higer than those of the filtered only except some specific sites. The points of maximum growth were measured after addition of N, P, Fe and EDTA each in comparison with unenriched (control) samples. Phosphate appeared to be the major limiting element in AGP test for a tested organism throuhgout the year, especially during spring and summer. According to trophic level by Sudo(1980), it was estimated that Tong-Bok stream was eutrophic, Nae-Puk stream was oligo-mesotrophic, and all other streams of Lake Tong-Bok were mesotropic.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Allium cepa Linn Extract on Acetaminophen-induced Liver Damage in Mice

Kyung-Jin Lee,Deok-Song Kim,Eun-Sun Seo,Gun-Chang Ryu,Jin Huh,Jong-Sun Kim,Myung-Suk Ra,Seong-Uk Wui,Back-Jin Jeong,Dong-Woo Nam,Jong-Eun Chin,Jong Bin Lee 한국식품과학회 2003 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.12 No.6