複合 韓藥劑 淸籬滋坎湯의 抗癌效果 및 作用機轉 糾明

Cho, Kyung-Sam,Kim, Si-Young,Park, Jai-Kyung,Choi, Seung-Hoon,Chung, Se-Young,Yoon, Hwi-Joong 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung Sam Cho¹Si Young Kim¹, Jai Kyung Park²,Seung Hoon Choi³,Se Young Chung⁴, Hwi Joong Yoon¹¹College of Medicine, ²East-West Medical Research Institute, ³College of Oriental Medicine, ⁴College of Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University,Seoul, Korea. The Anti-cancer Effect of Oriental Medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang in the Mouse with Metastatic Lung Cancer. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 231-243, 1999.-The oriental medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang is an herbal medicine which has been used for pulmonary diseases and known as having immune stimulatory effects. It has been known effective in lung cancer. So we studied the effects and the mechanisms of this herbal medicine it the mouse with metastatic lung cancer. The metastatic lung cancer of the mouse was produced with melnoma cell line(B16BL/6).5×10□/mouse tumor cells were injected intravenously to the CDF1 mouse via tail vein. The mice were divided 4 groups. The first group was treated with 50mg/kg extract of Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang per oral for 10 days after cancer cell injection, second group treated with saline after cancer cell injection, the third group with medicine without cancer cell, and the last group with saline only. After 10 days treatments some of the mice were scarificed and the lung and spleen was removed. The survival duration, weight change, the number of metastatic cancer nodule of the lung, the NK cell activity, the capacity of cytokines(INF-γ,INF-α,IL-2) production and the proliferation activities of mouse lymphocytes were measured. The surival times of the group 1 mice were longer and the weight loss was less than the group 2 significantly. The number of the metastatic nodule of the lung were decresed in the group 1 than the group 2. The production of INF-γ,was increase in group 2 than group 3 and 4, IL-2 production was increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4 significantly. There was no difference in TNF- α production and proliferation activity of lymphocyte in each group. The NK cell activity was significantly increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4. We conclude that the Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang has the effect of increasing the NK cell activity of the CDF1 mouse with metastatic lung cancer(B16BL/6). And it is suggested that the increased production of the IL-2 is the mechanisms of enhanced NK cell activity.

영어와 한국어의 부정에 관한 유형적 비교

조경숙 ( Kyung Sook Cho ) 21세기영어영문학회 2004 영어영문학21 Vol.17 No.2

The Typological Comparison of Negation between English and Korean Cho, Kyung-Sook(Honam University) This paper aims to compare the phenomena of negation between English and Korean on the syntactic typological base, especially the phenomena of standard negation as well as quantifier negation and adverbial negation. In standard negation, these two languages show typological similarities of using a negative particle, and of accompanying a secondary modification of inserting an auxiliary verb. However, we can find important differences in two languages: First, in the contraction structures, English language uses the device of morphological negatives, while Korean language uses an auxiliary negative verb. Second, Korean has alternative negative particles, which show complementary distribution depending on the types of predicates and sentences. Moreover, Korean negative particles have much flexibility in their position of the sentences than English negative particle. More typological differences are found in the realms of quantifier negation and adverbial negation. English has four devices of expressing quantifier or adverbial negation; negated quantifiers, inherently negative quantifiers, negated adverbials, and inherently negative adverbials. However, Korean doesn't have any forms of inherently negative quantifiers and inherently negative adverbials. It only permits the devices of negated quantifiers and negated adverbials, in very limited cases, such as in the case of predicate derivation forms. Therefore, the semantic equivalents of quantifier negations and adverbial negations in Korean, are mostly the forms of indefinite expressions or adverbials combined with standard negation.

신경숙의 『엄마를 부탁해』 다시 읽기

조회경(Cho, Hoei-Kyung) 우리문학회 2016 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.52

이 글은 『엄마를 부탁해』의 ‘엄마’가 보여주는 ‘전근대적 인간상’의 면모를 ‘통과의례’의 틀에서 읽음으로써, 신경숙 소설이 추구해온 ‘육친적 친밀성’의 심층적 의미를 천착하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 반 게넵이 제시한 ‘통과의례도식’과 엘리아데의 ‘성(聖)과 속(俗)’ 개념 등 종교학의 도움을 받았다. 먼저, ‘엄마’의 ‘종교성’이 발현되는 양상을 검토하였다. 이 글에서는 ‘엄마’의 결혼에 내재하는 ‘신성한 원형’에 주목하였다. 그 결과 ‘엄마’의 결혼생활은 ‘거룩한 세계’에 대한 ‘갈망’을 실현하는 과정임을 확인하였다. 다음으로 ‘종교적 인간’인 ‘엄마’의 통과의례 과정이 자각적임을 중시하였다. 엄마는 ‘인생의 위기’를 자각하고, ‘분리 의례’를 준비하는데, 이는 엄마에게 죽음은 끝이아니고, 재생을 위해 넘어야 할 문지방(리멘)이기 때문이다. ‘전이 의례’를 치르는 엄마가 신은 ‘파란 슬리퍼’는 매우 중요한 신화적 상징물로서, ‘엄마됨’의 신표이다. 그것은 자식들의 죄책감을 불러일으키는 데서 나아가, 자식들이 몸담은 일상적이고 현실적인 俗의 세계에서 ‘구분된 세계, 비일상적 세계, 聖의 세계’로 귀환하도록 매개하는 역할을 맡는다는 점에서 특별하다. 비종교적 세계에 속한 자식들은 ‘엄마의 실종’을 생의 기습으로 받아들이지만, ‘종교적 엄마’를 회상하는 ‘전이 의례’를 통해 ‘俗의 시간’에서 벗어나, 인생의 새로운 단계에서 ‘거룩한 비밀’을 배우는 입사식을 치른다. 이 과정에서 그들은 자신의 존재에 대한 ‘종교적인 물음’에 도달한다. 동시에 자식들은 누구나 ‘엄마를 부탁할 수밖에 없다’는 인간의 한계를 정직하게 받아들인다. ‘엄마의 실종 상태’로 끝나는 서사는 미완의 통합을 의미한다. 작가는 이 구멍을 ‘스며듦’의 미학으로 채운다. 에필로그의 ‘피에타像’은 ‘스며듦’의 ‘성현’(hierophany)이다. 이 작품에서 반복 변주되는 ‘피에타상’의 구도는 아름다우나 참혹하다. 『엄마를 부탁해』의 대중적 성공은 ‘죽어서야’ 가까스로 이룰 수 있는 육친적 친밀성의 실체인 ‘스며듦’을 형상화하면서, ‘엄마’는 사라지지 않고 자식들의 삶으로 스며든다는 위로의 메시지를 담았기 때문이다. This article examines the ‘myth of motherhood’ from a new perspective, taking note of ‘rites of passage’ found in Shin Kyung-sook’s novel ‘Please Look After Mom.’ In doing so, we refer to Arnold van Gennep’s concept of the rite of passage along with teachings of the science of religion, such as M. Eliade’s notion of ‘the sacred and the profane.’ In Shin’s novel, ‘mom’ represents premodern men. According to the categorization by Eliade, ‘mom’ is a ‘religious figure.’ One of the grounds for this argument is ‘the sacred prototype’ innate in mom’s marriage. ‘Mom’ longs for contact with a sacred world within her marriage. In addition, she has a strong desire to meet her newly invented self. During her regeneration, ‘rites of passage’ are critical. ‘Mom’ realizes that she faces ‘a life’s crisis’ and voluntarily prepares for ‘a rite of separation’. To her, death is not an end but a threshold (or limen). Mom is wearing ‘blue slippers’ as she goes through her ‘rite of transition’ and the slippers are a mythical symbol of paramount importance. They are a form of identification of mom, who accepts her weary life with joy. Meanwhile, her family living in the non-religious world sees mom’s ‘separation’ as an ambush. However, even they go through a ‘rite of transition’ as they recollect on ‘religious mom’ and by doing so, break away from ‘the time of the profane.’ Mom’s funeral ritual is akin to an initiation rite through which ‘holy secrets’ can be learned prior to entering a new stage of life. The funeral attendees arrive at a ‘religious question’ about their own existence. At the same time, they modestly accept the limits of human existence which makes it inevitable that they must ‘ask to look after mom.’ The statue of The Pieta that appears in the epilogue is a manifestation of ‘permeation’ that entails a ‘substance of affinity felt by the ties of parent and child.’ As the narrative unfolds in the novel, the composition of The Pieta statue is repeated in various ways, and is depicted as beautiful but cruel. The novel became hugely popular as it portrays the substance of ‘affinity among blood relatives’ that can be only attained in death, and also delivers a message of consolation that despite such truth, ‘mom’ does not disappear but lives on through her children’s lives.

신경숙 글쓰기에 나타난 ‘순전한 이기심’의 양상

조회경(Cho, Hoei Kyung) 우리문학회 2015 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.48

이 글에서는 『풍금이 있던 자리』 의 ‘그 여자’가 1990년대 신경숙 소설 세계를 견인하는 예술성을 표상한다는 전제 하에, 『외딴 방』,『멀리,끝없는 길 위에』 에 나타나는 ‘그 여자’의 변형 양상을 검토하여, 1990년대 신경숙 소설의 기원에 접근하고자 하였다. 그 결과 신경숙의 유년, 십대, 30대에 걸쳐 형성된 작가의식의 핵심에는 강한 ‘자아보존본능’이 자리함을 확인하였다. 신경숙의 내성적 주인공들이 지니는 ‘다른 삶을 사는, 특별한 존재가 되고 싶다’는 간절한 욕망은 주목할 만하다. 아버지의 ‘그 여자’는 ‘나’의 ‘남다르고 싶다는 꿈’을 최초로 알아봐 준 ‘새어머니’이다. ‘나’는 목숨을 걸고, 사라진 ‘그 여자’의 영토인 외딴방 으로 나온다. ‘그 여자’는 신경숙 소설의 기원이라 할 수 있다. 외딴 방 의 ‘희재언니’는 ‘그 여자’의 이면이다. ‘희재언니’는 ‘나’에게 ‘구더기가 들끓는 뭉개진 얼굴’을 보여주고, ‘나’를 생의 낭떠러지로 밀어낸 ‘악마’이다. 신경숙은 ‘희재언니’의 주검을 통과하고서야, 돌이킬 수 없는 운명의 길, ‘글쓰기 귀신’의 길로 들어선다. 『멀리, 끝없는 길 위에』 에서 작가는 자신의 분신이라 할 ‘이숙’의 나르시시즘에 내재하는 지배욕망을 조명한다. ‘그 여자’ 에게서 촉발된 신경숙의 글쓰기는 ‘이숙’에 이르러 그 이면에 자리한 불길함을 응시한다. 죽은 자의 무덤을 만드는, 살아남은 자들의 형상은 처참하다. 이는 신경숙의 소설세계를 떠받치는 또 하나의 견고한 세계가 ‘영원히 나를 버리지 않을 내 피붙이들의 숨소리’에 뿌리내리고 있음과 연관된다. 신경숙 문학의 애도와 위로는 살아남은 자를 향한 것이다. In the 1990s, Shin Kyung-sook won wide recognition for three works in particular: A Lone Room, Away, on the Endless Road, and The Place Where the Harmonium Was. Reading these stories in accordance with the age of the speaker, I found a self-preservation instinct is apparent at the heart of Shin’s experiences, which takes root in her childhood and lasts throughout her teen years and beyond. In the stories, the introverted protagonists all yearn to become a better me and escape from reality. In The Place Where the Harmonium Was, it is “that woman”, with whom her father falls in love, who first gives her recognition. With “that woman” so deeply imprinted upon her, the speaker moves out to A Lone Room to find “that woman” in her. Reading the stories, I could see Shin began writing purely for her selfishness, to satisfy a longing for a world that she did not know. In Shin’s works, “that woman” is everywhere; Heejae, from A Lone Room, is another version of “that woman”, where Shin, the speaker of personal experiences, faces Heejae’s dead body with maggots. After finally facing the death, Shin finally found her way as a true novelist, as she realized her dream of becoming like “that woman” through her writing. In Away, on the Endless Road, Shin depicts a ruling desire in Lee Sook’s self-preservation instinct. In describing a regressive character like Lee Sook, who is obsessed with making personal connections with others, Shin expresses a complicated sense of sympathy and betrayal. While lamenting the death of Heejae and Lee Sook, Shin persistently asks them why they made such a decision. In doing so, Shin alludes to her focus on an ominous sense for Lee Sook’s self-preservation instinct. Those who are left behind and must let go of the deceased feel devastated. This mirrors Shin’s world, which is deeply rooted in her living family who will never abandon her. The consolation present in Shin’s works exists to assist those who must move on.

한국의 초현실주의와 문화번역 : 조향의 시를 중심으로

조윤경 ( Yun Kyung Cho ) 한국비교문학회 2009 比較文學 Vol.48 No.-

素問·骨空論에 對한 硏究

曺基烈,鄭憲瑩,琴坰樹,朴炅 대한한의진단학회 1998 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.2 No.2

The text of the Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論) of the So Moon (素問) was written in the Kap UI Kyung (甲乙經) volume 2 chapter 2 and volume 8 chapter 1. Also it was written in the Tae So (太素) volume 10, 11 and 26. In the Shin Kyo Jung (新校正), they say that it is wriien in the Jeon Won Ki Bon (全元起本) volume 2 and 6. But Wang (王永) interpreted it in volume 16. Also it was introduced in the Ryu Kyung (類經) volume 8, 9, 21 and 22 by Jang Kae Pin (張介賓) in the Myung (明) dynasty. In Go1 Gong (骨空), Gol(骨) means bone and Gong(空) means hole. So Go1 Gong(骨空) means the holes on bone of the human body. A large number of acupuncture points in 12 meridians are located on the holes of bone, and they are playing an important part in the treatment of diseases. In Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論), many points that is choosed when we treat various diseases by acupuncture are mentioned, locations that the holes of bone are distributed in are introduced. So it is called Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論) . This article of the research on the Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論) can be divided into 4 chapters. Summerking the contents of the Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論) in reference to the contents of successive generation note, the contents were as follows. Chapter 1 is about the way to use in treating various diseases what caused by Pung Sa (風??) and deals with the methods of locating acupoints based on a frame. Chapter 2 is written about lines that Conception Vessel (任??), Governer Vessel (????), and Throughfare Vessel (????) pass through, and pathological explanations on the diseases which are belong to those three meridians. The name of each part of the leg and the treatment corresponded to each phase of diseases of the leg are also mentioned in this chapter. Chapter 3 is concretely written about the name and position of the hole on bone of the human body. Chapter 4 deals with moxibustion therapy which we use to treat having an attack of indigestion, being bitten by dog, and feeling cold and heat in turn. Because the ancient men used acupuncture as main treatment of disease, they thought much of acupoint. A large number of acupoints are located on the holes of bone, and are playing an important part in the treatment of diseases. Therefore well understanding of Gol Gong Ron (骨空論) is very important. It is too difficult to understand the Gol Gong Ron (骨空論), because it is written in old Chinese. Consequence of above reason, the writer of this article has researched to find out the exact meaning of that.

The Influence of AH-26 and Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Root Canal Sealer on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dentin

Cho, Ju-Yeon,Jin, Myoung-Uk,Kim, Young-Kyung,Kim, Sung Kyo 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.3

AH-26 근관실러가 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 144개의 발거된 대구치를 실린더형의 몰드에 매식한 다음 치관부의 상아질 표면을 노출시킨 후 편평하게 연마하고 AH-26을 도포한 군, ZOE paste를 도포한 군 및 실러를 도포하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 One-step 상아질 접착제를 처리한 후에 Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) 복합레진을 적용하고 광중합시켰다. 시편을 분리하여 37℃ 항온조에 24시간 보관후 Instron test machine (Model 4202, Instron Corp., USA)을 이용하여 시편의 전단 결합 강도를 측정하고 one-way ANOVA 및 Tukey's studentized rank test로 통계 분석하였다. AH-26 근관실러로 처리한 군과 대조군은 ZOE 근관실러 처리군에 비해 유의하게 놓은 접착강도를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). AH-26 근관실러 처리군과 아무 처리하지 않은 대조군 사이에는 결합강도에 있어 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p>0.05). 본 연구의 조건에서는 ZOE 근관실러는 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도를 저하시키는 반면 AH-26 근관실러는 유의한 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 임상에서 근관실러로 AH-26을 사용한 근관충전 후에는 즉시 복합레진 코어를 해 주어도 결합력에 저해가 없을 것으로 여겨진다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the AH-26 root canal sealer on the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin. One hundred and forty four (144) extracted, sound human molars were used. After embedding in a cylindrical mold, the occlusal part of the anatomical crown was cut away and trimmed in order to create a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups; the AH-26 sealer was applied to the AH-26 group, and zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste was applied to the ZOE group. The dentin surface of the control group did not receive any sealer. A mount jig was placed against the surface of the teeth and the One-step dentin bonding agent was applied after acid etching. Charisma composite resin was packed into the mold and light cured. After polymerization, the alignment tube and mold were removed and the specimens were placed in distilled water at 37℃ for twenty four hours. The shear bond strength was measured by an Instron testing machine. The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's studentized rank test so as to make comparisons between the groups. The AH-26 group and the control group showed significantly higher shear bond strength than the ZOE group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the AH-26 group and the control one (p>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the AH-26 root canal sealer did not seem to affect the shear bond strength of the composite resin to dentin while the ZOE sealer did. Therefore, there may be no decrease in bond strength when the composite resin core is built up immediately after a canal filling with AH-26 as a root canal sealer.

Rotavirus 전기영동형별을 위한 RNA 추출과정 및 조건의 비교연구

조은경,김은순,양재명,김경희,조양자 한양대학교 의과대학 1992 한양의대 학술지 Vol.12 No.2

Rotaviruses (Rv) are the major cause of severe dehydrating dearrhea among young children in Korea, where they are frequently responsible for 68% of the cases requiring hospitalization. Laboratory diagnosis of rotaviral infection in Korea depends mainly on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that employs expensive commercial diagnostic kits purchased from abroad and that shous the presence or absence of group A Rv only. PACE have however provided epidemiologic evidence to demonstrate the sxistence of different strains (both group A and atypical Rv) during diarrgeal outbreak, the appearance of new strains and desappearance of old ones from a community, shifts in the prenalence of strains, and the persistance of a single strain in newborns. For such reasons, we have felt that it is essential to raise the sensitivity and shorten the processing time for PAGE. We therfore have devised a rapid method for Rv RNA extration by directly extracting the Rv RNA from the specimens (that is, skipping freon extraction and running as ultracectrifuge) and using an urea-containing dissociation mixture to dissolve dried RNA for PAGE. We have also shorten the PAGE diagnostic results by sequential staining of the same gel with ethidium bromide and silver stain. With the use of the rapid method, it was feasible to increase the efficacy of the PAGE with reduced cost and working time. Phenol extration of stools, however, was essential in maintaining the sensitivity of the method.

면역학적 특성에 따른 yeast cytochrome c의 구조에 관한 연구

조경환,우기민,조만희,이상한,박현경,김창세 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

The antiserum against yeast cytochrome c and horse heart cytochrome c was reacted immunologically with those from various species. The results were as followings; 1. The antiserum against horse heart cytochrome c was reacted immunologically with heart cytochrome c of horse, cow, rabbit, mouse, chicken, pigeon, frog, tuna, and guanaco, and were not with yeast and neurospora cytochrome c. 2. However, antiserum against yeast cytochrome c was only reacted immunologically with yeast cytochrome c, and was not mammals and vertebrates horse, cow, rabbit, mouse, chicken, pigeon, frog, tuna, guanaco, even neurospora 3. CNBr-digested peptides of horse heart cytochrome c were obtained 5 peaks, Ⅰ(1-80), Ⅱ(1-65), Ⅲ(66-104), Ⅳ(81-104), Ⅴ(66-80), and other peptide (1-50). Among them peptides Ⅰ and Ⅱ were weakly reacted immunologically with antiserum against horse heart cytochrome c. CNBr-digested peptides of horse heart cytochrome c were not reacted with antiserum against yeast cytochrome c. 4. From the above, the immunologically positive cross reaction was thought to be related with Ω loop D.

영어 법조동사에 대한 의미 분석

조경숙 대한언어학회 1997 언어학 Vol.5 No.2

Cho, Kyung-sook. 1997. The Semantic Analysis of English Modal Auxiliaries. Linguistics, 5-2, 77-98. The purpose of this paper is to study the semantic relationship among English modal auxiliaries. For this purpose, firstly, I analyzed the meanings of central modal auxiliaries in terms of the kinds and the degrees of modality. In the kinds of modality, there are four types such as [epistemic], [deontic], [capacity] and [generic]. Also, there are three degrees of modality: [necessity], [approximate necessity] and [possibility]. Through this analysis, I tried to show the semantic relationship among several central modal auxiliaries. Next, I analyzed the meanings of marginal modal auxiliaries that have some different morphological, syntactic properties to central modal auxiliaries, in terms of the kinds and the degrees of modality. Through this analysis, I tried to show semantic similarities and implicational differences between central modal auxiliaries and marginal modal auxiliaries. (Honam University)