Effect of Long -term Treatment with the Adventious Root Cultured Mountain Ginseng (CBN-3) on Functions of Central Nervous System in Healthy Human Volunteers

LEE SE0UL,YU KEE WON,KEUM KYUNG SOO,KIM NARI,PAEK KEE-YEUP,JUNG KYUY0NG,CHOI BONG KYU,OH GYUNG JAE4 대한약학회 2006 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2006 No.1

브레이징 온도 변화에 따른 ZrO2와 Ti-6Al-4V의 접합 특성

기세호,박상윤,허영구,정재필,김원중 大韓齒科補綴學會 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Purpose: In this study, brazing characteristics of ZrO2 and Ti-6Al-4V brazed joints with increasing temperature were investigated. Materials and methods: The sample size of the ZrO2 was 3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm (thickness), and Ti-6Al-4V was 10 mm (diameter) × 5 mm (thickness). The filler metal consisted of Ag-Cu-Sn-Ti was prepared in powder form. The brazing sample was heated in a vacuum furnace under 5 × 10-6 torr atmosphere, while the brazing temperature was changed from 700 to 800℃ for 30 min. Results: The experimental results shows that brazed joint of ZrO2 and Ti-6Al-4V occurred at 700 - 800℃. Brazed joint consisted of Ag-rich matrix and Cu-rich phase. A Cu-Ti intermetallic compounds and a Ti-Sn-Cu-Ag alloy were produced along the Ti-6Al-4V bonded interface. Thickness of the reacted layer along the Ti-6Al-4V bonded interface was increased with brazing temperature. Defect ratios of ZrO2 and Ti-6Al-4V bonded interfaces decreased with brazing temperature. Conclusion: Thickness and defect ratio of brazed joints were decreased with increasing temperature. Zirconia was not wetting with filler metal, because the reaction between ZrO2 and Ti did not occur enough. 연구 목적: 온도 변화에 따른 ZrO2와 Ti-6Al-4V의 접합 특성에 대해 알아보기 위하여 새로운 브레이징 합금을 제조하고, 브레이징 온도가 접합 특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 본 연구에서 사용된 시편으로는 실험용 ZrO2 모재(ZirBlank-PS, Acucera, Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Korea)는 소결 전의 블록형태(65 mm × 36 mm × 12 mm (t))이며, 이를 잘라 사포(#2400)로 표면연마 후 소결하였다. 소결된 ZrO2 시편의 크기는 3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm (t) 이다. Ti-6Al-4V 모재(Ti 6Al 4V ELI CG Bar, TMS, Washington, USA)는 직경 10 mm × 5 mm (t)를 사용하였다. 소결된 ZrO2와 Ti-6Al-4V의 접합을 위하여 브레이징 합금을 제조하였다. 시편을 3군으로 나누어A군은 700℃에서, B군은 750℃에서, C군은 800℃에서 각각 브레이징 하였다. 브레이징 부의 두께와 결함율의 측정은 각 군당 하나의 시편으로 각 시편 당 5회씩 반복 측정하여 평균값을 취하였다. 결과: 브레이징 합금을 사용하여 진공 브레이징을 수행한 결과 ZrO2 와 Ti-6Al-4V 는 700℃ - 800℃에서 양호한 접합을 보였다. 브레이징 후 브레이징 온도 변화에 따른 브레이징 부의 두께 및 결함율의 변화는SEM을 사용하여 측정하였다. 브레이징 온도가 700℃에서 800℃로 증가함에 따라 CuTi 금속간 화합물 층 및 Ti-Sn-Cu-Ag계 화합물 층의 두께는 각각 4.5 ㎛에서 10.3 ㎛로, 3.1 ㎛에서 5.0 ㎛로 증가되었다. 또한 브레이징 온도가 700℃에서 800℃로 증가함에 따라 브레이징 접합계면의 결함율은 ZrO2 및 Ti-6Al-4V 계면에서 각각25%에서 16.3%, 5%에서 1.5%로 감소되었다. 결론: 브레이징 온도가 700℃에서 800℃로 증가됨에 따라, 브레이징 접합계면의 결함율은 ZrO2 및 Ti-6Al-4V 계면에서 모두 감소되었다. 이는 결함부에서 ZrO2와 활성원소인 Ti과의 반응이 충분히 일어나지 않아서 브레이징 합금이 ZrO2에 웨팅되지 않은 것이 원인이라고 사료된다.

상악 전치부 견인시 치근 흡수 발생 양상에 관한 연구

기세호,이진우,차경석 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 상악 전돌증을 보이는 환자에게서 상악 제 1 소구치를 발치한 후 견인시 bracket 종류에 따른 치근흡수 차이, 이동양상에 따른 치근 흡수 차이, 각 치아간에 따른 전치부의 치근 흡수 정도를 연구하기 위해 단국 대학교 부속 치과 병원 교정과에 내원한 남녀 환자 32명을 대상으로 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 상악 전치 후방 견인시 치근 흡수를 보이지 않는 것은 31.77%, 약간의 흡수는 33.33%, 치근의 1/4이하 흡수는 23.96%, 1/4이상은 10.94%를 보였다. 2. Apical tipping, Lingually bodily movement, ant-post apical displacement의 세가지 이동 양상은, 치근 흡수와의 상관 관계에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. Standard br.을 사용한 환자는 많은 치축 변화를 보이고 치근첨의 이동은 적었으나, straight br.을 사용한 환자는 적은 치축 변화를 보이고 치근첨의 이동량은 많았다. 4. Standard br.과 straight br.의 치근흡수에서 standard br.을 사용한 환자가 더 많은 치근 흡수를 보였다. 5. Standard br.을 사용시 치근 흡수정도는 2>1>3=0순을 보이고, straight br.을 사용시에는 0>1>2>3으로 나타났다. This study was carried out in order to find out the pattern of the root resorption following maxillary incisor retraction after maxillary 1st bicuspid extration in maxillary protrusion patients. For this study, thirty two patient who received orthodontic treatment were chosen. The results were as follows; 1. Of the total 192 teeth, 61 teeth(31.77%) showed no apical root loss, 64 teeth(33.33%) fell into the class "slight", 46 teeth(23.96%) fell into the class "moderate". Only 21 teeth(10.94%) were classified as "excessive". 2. No correlation was noted between the amount of apical root loss and the types of tooth movement of the maxillary central incisors. 3. The patients who were treated with standard brackets had more changes in tooth axis and less movement of root apexes, but the patients with straight brackets has less changes in tooth axis and more movement of root apexes. 4. Comparing the degree of root resorption between bracket types, patients who had used standard brackets showed more apical root loss than patients who had used straight brackets. 5. The most frequent degree of root resorption observed in standard bracket patients was second degree, followed by first degree and third degree. The most frequent degree of root resorption observed in straight bracket patients was zero degree, followed by first, second degree and third degree.

韓國 Drosophila melanogaster Meigen 自然集團의 第二, 第三 染色體에서 雄性再組合

成耆昌,金世鎭 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.1

한국의 8개 자연집단(제주, 목포, 부산, 대구, 대전, 울진, 강릉, 강화)을 대상으로 1985년 7∼10월 사이에 채집된 D. melanogaster를 isofemale 계통으로 유지하여 추출한 웅성으로부터 제 2 염색체와 제 3 염색체에서 웅성재조합의 빈도를 분석하였다. D. melanogaster의 웅성재조합 평균빈도는 제 2 염색체에서 8.20%, 제 3 염색체에서는 11.13%로 나타났다. 특히 울진집단내의 재조합빈도는 제 3 염색체에서 13.27%로 제 2 염색체의 재조합빈도(3.37%)보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 그러나 울진을 제외한 7개 집단의 경우는 제 2, 제 3 염색체 사이에 재조합빈도의 차이는 거의 없었다. 재조합현상이 M type 계통에서도 관찰된 것으로 보아 웅성재조합 요소(MRF)의 유전적 특성은 P element와는 동일하지 않은 것으로 생각된다. 제 2 염색체에서 웅성재조합빈도는 black과 curved loci 부위에서 높게 일어났으며 제 3 염색체에서는 scarlet와 curled loci 부위에서 높게 일어난 것으로 보아 염색체내의 MRF 위치와 Heterochromatin 사이에 밀접한 관계가 있을 것으로 추측된다. The frequency and distribution of male recombination factor occuring in the second and third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster collected from eight localities in the Southern half of the Korean peninsula have been investigated. The flies used in this study were collected from Cheju, Mokpo, Pusan, Taegu, Taechon, Ulchin, Kangrung and Kanghwa in July through October 1985. The males used for the study were isolated from the isofemale lines. The results showed that 1) The avarage frequency of male recombination was 8.20 percent on the second and 11.13 percent on the third chromosomes. 2) The frequency of male recombination observed in the third chromosome, 13.17 percent, was Ulchin population, which was significantly higher than that of the second chromosome which was 3.37 percent. However, Male recombination frequency in either chromosomes of the other populations tested was not significantly different. 3) The observation that male recombination has occured in M type strains, indicated that male recombination factor (MRF) is not identical to the P element. 4) The frequency of male recombination in the second chromosome was found to be most abundant in the region between b

조사광이 통과하는 치질의 두께와 광조사시간에 따른 광중합형 복합레진의 중합률에 관한 연구

황기환,장인호,이세준,이광원 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.1

Physical properties of composite resins such as strength, resistance to wear, discoloration, etc depend on the degree of conversion of the resin components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion of the composite resins according to the thickness of tooth structure penetrated by light and applied light curing time. The coronal portions of extracted human teeth( one anterior tooth, three posterior tooth) was embedded by pink denture material. the mounted teeth were cut into three illumination sections (1mm thickness enamel section, 1mm thickness dentin section, 2mm thickness dentin section) and one backing section with cutting wheel. Thin resin films were made by using 6kg pressure between slide glass during 5 minutes. Thin resin film was light cured on coupled illumination section during 40sec, 80sec and 120sec. each illumination section was coupled as follows: no tooth structure(X), ename section(E), enamel section + 1mm dentin section(ED1), enamel section + 2mm dentin section(ED2), enamel section + 1mm dentin section + 2mm dentin section(EDD). To simulate the clinical situation more closely, thin resin film was cured against a backing section of tooth structure. The degree of conversion of carbon double bonds to single bonds in the resin films were examined by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The results were obtained as follows; 1. As curing time was increased, conversion rate was increased and as tooth thickness which was penetrated by curing light was increased, conversion rate was decreased. 2. At all tooth thickness groups, conversion rate between 80sec and 120sec was not significantly increased(P>0.05). 3. At 40sec group and 80sec, conversion rate between no tooth structure(X) group and 1mm enamel section(E) group was not significantly decreased(P>0.05). 4. At 80sec group and 120sec, conversion rate between 1mm enamel section(E) group and 1mm enamel section + 1mm dentin section(ED1) group was not significantly decreased(P>0.05).

후방 도달 척추 절제술을 이용한 강직성 요천추 변형의 치료

석세일,정의룡,이정희,김진혁,김성수,이지호,최원기,박용원 대한척추외과학회 2004 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.11 No.2

홍피증 환자 39명에 대한 임상 소견 및 원인 규명에 관한 연구

안세진,장경애,문기찬,성경제,최지호,고재경 대한피부과학회 1999 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.37 No.5

Background: Erythroderma may result from different causes. Almost all the published original clinical series of erythroderma originated from western countries. Objectives: The objective was to evaluate various causes of erythroderma in our environment, frequency, clinical and laboratory findings, and patient evolution. Method: We reviewed the clinical and laboratory findings including biopsy materials of 39 patients diagnosed as erythroderma and treated during the last 9 years (from 1989 to 1998). Results: The male-female ratio was 3 to 1. The mean age at diagnosis was 54 years. Drug reaction and undetermined cause were the most frequent cause (30.8%, respectively), followed by the pre-existing dermatoses (28.2%), and malignancies (10.3%). Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found in 70.4% of the patients. Eight patients were resistant to treatment. In the patients with the persistent erythroderma, leukocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and cosinophilia were the common findings. Conclusions: Half of the patients with the erythroderma of undetermined cause showed the protracted course. Two patients diagnosed as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and Se´zary syndrome had the history of generalized erythroderma of more than 3 years. The close follow-up for the erythroderma of undetermined cause with frequent laboratory and histopathological evaluations would be mandatory.

당뇨병 유발쥐혈청내 methylated amino acid의 함량 변화

김용기,유세근,남석우,이향우 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1993 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.5 No.1

In order to investigate the relationship between methylated amino acids and diabetes, we investigated the changes of serum concentration of methylated amino acids in serum of the experimentally induced diabetic rats. The diabetic symptom was induced by injectly alloxan 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The serum content of N^G-monomethylarginine(MMA), N^G, N^G-dimethyl-arginine(DMA) and N^G, N^G-dimethylarginine(D'MA) were analyzed by HPLC. The results are as followings ① There was no change in serum content of MMA in the diabetic group. ② But it was observed that the amounts of DMA and D'MA were increased remarkably in the diabetic group. Specifically, D'MA content was increased about 7 times in comparision to that of the control group. ③ However, the concentration of trimethyllysine in RBC was decreased slightly in diabetic group but not significant statistically.

흡연 및 비흡연 정신분열증 환자간의 인지 기능과 치료 반응의 차이

남궁기,민성길,이희상,조현상,김세주 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

연구 배경 : 본 연구는 정신분열증 환자에서 흡연 여부에 따라 정신분열증 환자군의 정신과적 과거력 및 현재 증상, 치료 반응과 인지 기능 등에 어떤 차이가 있는 지를 알아보려는 것이다. 연구 방법 : 정신분열증 환자 중 36명의 흡연군과 31명의 비흡연군을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 현재의 증상을 평가하기 위해서 양성 및 음성 증상 척도(Positive & Negative Syndrome Scale) 및 전반적 기능 평가 척도(Global Assessment Scale)를 상용하였고, 추체외로계 부작용을 추체외로계 부장용 평가척도(Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects)로 측정하였다. 흡연군과 비흡연군의 인지 기능을 평가하기 위해 비엔나 검사 중 SPM(Standard Progressive Matrices), Cognitron 및 FFA(Flicker Fusion Analyzer) 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 : 1) 흡연군과 비흡연군에 비해 유병 기간이 유의하게 길었음에도 불구하고, 입원 시의 증상 정도(PANSS 총점)가 유의하게 낮았고, 기능 정도(GAS 점수) 역시 유의하게 높았다. 2) 정신분열증의 치료 반응에 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각되는 나이와 유병 기간을 통제한 상태에서 흡연여부에 따른 치료 반응의 차이를 검증해 본 결과, 흡연 여부에 따른 일일 약물 사용량, 추체외로계 부작용 및 증상 호전율(PANSS 호전율)이나 기능 호전율(GAS 호전율)에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 인지 기능에 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각되는 나이, 유병 기간, 항전신병약물 용량 및 증상의 정도를 통제한 상태에서 흡연 여부에 따른 인지 기능의 차이를 검증해 본 결과, 흡연 여부에 따른 SPM 값, COG-R 및 FFA 갑의 차이는 없었다. 3) 흡연군 내에서 흡연 정도와 치료 반응 및 인지 검사 점수와의 관계를 알아보기 위해, 나이와 유병 기간 요인을 통제한 상태에서 일일 평균 흡연량과 여러 임상 척도와의 상관 관계를 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 일일 흡연량과 증상 호전율(PANSS 호전율) 이나 기능 호전율(GAG 호전율) 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 상관 관계를 보였다. 그러나 총 흡연 기간은 치료 반응 및 인지 기능과는 통계적으로 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 흡연 정신분열증군은 비흡연 정신분열증군에 비해 입원 시 증상이 경미하고 기능이 좋으며, 흡연 정신분열증군에서는 흡연량이 많을수록 치료 시 증상 및 기능이 호전율이 높다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 흡연군에서 일일 약물 사용량이 높다거나, 추체외로계 부작용이 덜 나타난다거나 지능 저하가 덜하다는 이전의 연구 결과들은 입증되지 않았다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of past histories, current symptoms, treatment responses and cognitive and functions between smoking and nonsmoking schizophrenic patients. Methods : The subjects were composed of 67 schizophrenic patients including 36 smokers and 31 non-smokers. They were examined by psychiatric history checklist, Simpson and Angus's rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects, positive & negative syndromes scale(PANSS), global assessment scale(GAS), and Vienna test including Standard Progressive Matrices(SPM), Cognitron, and Flicker Fusion Analyzer(FFA). Results : The results were as follows : 1) Although the duration of illness of smokers was longer than that of non-smokers, the smokers had significantly higher score of GAS and significantly lower score of PANSS than non-smokers at admission. 2) With effects of age and duration of illness controlled, there were no differences of mean dosage of neuroleptics, extrapyramidal side effects, PANSS improvement rate and GAS improvement rate between both groups. 3) With effect of age, duration of illness, and total PANSS score controlled, there were no differences of score of SPM, cognitron, and FFA. 4) In smokers, the PANSS improvement rate and the GAS improvement rate were positively correlated with mean number of daily smoked cigarettes, with effects of age and duration of illness controlled. Conclusions : In schizophrenic patients, smokers had less severe symptoms than non-smokers. In smokers, the PANSS improvement rate and the GAS improvement rate were positively correlated with mean number of daily smoked cigarettes. But Smokers were not proven to have received higher dosage of neuroleptics, to have lower extrapyramidal side effects, or to have less severe impairment of cognitive function.

한강 하류역 동물플랑크톤의 군집동태

김세화,박현기 용인대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.16 No.1

Zooplankton samples were collected at ten stations in lower part of Han river during the period between June and September 2011. A total of 23 taxa occurred, which consisted of six species of cladocerans, four taxa of copepods, 11 species of rotifers, one species of nematod and a aquatic insect, respectively. Abundance was fluctuated between 1,700∼14,530 individuals/m3. Maximum abundance was recorded at Janghang wet land in June and drastically decreased in July possibly due to heavy rain fall in the summer. Higher abundances were observed at upper stations again in September. Dominant species were Bosmina longirostris, copepodites and Brachionus calyciflorus. Only an occurrence of carnivorous cladoceran of Lepodora kindtii at Janghang wet land seemed to indicate the well conservation of the wet land in lower Han river.