Periventricular white matter hyperintensities and the risk of dementia: a CREDOS study

Kim, Sangha,Choi, Seong Hye,Lee, Young Min,Kim, Min Ji,Kim, Young Don,Kim, Jin Young,Park, Jin Hong,Myung, Woojae,Na, Hae Ri,Han, Hyun Jeong,Shim, Yong S.,Kim, Jong Hun,Yoon, Soo Jin,Kim, Sang Yun,Kim Cambridge University Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS - Vol.27 No.12

<B>ABSTRACT</B><B>Background:</B><P>Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are prevalent incident findings on brain MRI scans among elderly people and have been consistently implicated in cognitive dysfunction. However, differential roles of WMH by region in cognitive function are still unclear. The aim of this study was to ascertain the differential role of regional WMH in predicting progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to different subtypes of dementia.</P><B>Methods:</B><P>Participants were recruited from the Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea (CREDOS) study. A total of 622 participants with MCI diagnoses at baseline and follow-up evaluations were included for the analysis. Initial MRI scans were rated for WMH on a visual rating scale developed for the CREDOS. Differential effects of regional WMH in predicting incident dementia were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model.</P><B>Results:</B><P>Of the 622 participants with MCI at baseline, 139 patients (22.3%) converted to all-cause dementia over a median of 14.3 (range 6.0-36.5) months. Severe periventricular WMH (PWMH) predicted incident all-cause dementia (Hazard ratio (HR) 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-3.43) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.12-3.07). Subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) was predicted by both PWMH (HR 16.14; 95% CI 1.97-132.06) and DWMH (HR 8.77; 95% CI 1.77-43.49) in more severe form (≥ 10 mm).</P><B>Conclusions:</B><P>WMH differentially predict dementia by region and severity. Our findings suggest that PWMH may play an independent role in the pathogenesis of dementia, especially in AD.</P>

Overexpression of Cell Cycle Proteins of Peripheral Lymphocytes in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Hyeran Kim,YoungAh Kwon,InnSook Ahn,Sangha Kim,Seonwoo Kim,Sangmee Ahn Jo,DohKwan Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.1

Objective-Biological markers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will help clinicians make objective diagnoses early during the course of dementia. Previous studies have suggested that cell cycle dysregulation begins earlier than the onset of clinical manifestations in AD. Methods-We examined the lymphocyte expression of cell cycle proteins in AD patients, dementia controls (DC), and normal controls (NC). One-hundred seventeen subjects (36 AD, 31 DC, and 50 NC) were recruited. The cell cycle proteins CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin B, and cyclin D were measured in peripheral lymphocytes. Cell cycle protein expression in the three groups was compared after adjusting for age and sex. Results-The levels of cell cycle proteins CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin B, and cyclin D were significantly higher in AD patients than in the NC subjects. The DC group manifested intermediate levels of cell cycle proteins compared with the AD patients and the NC subjects. The present study indicates that cell cycle proteins are upregulated in the peripheral lymphocytes of AD patients. Conclusion-Cell cycle dysregulation in peripheral lymphocytes may present a promising starting point for identifying peripheral biomarkers of AD.

알코올 섭취가 경도인지장애의 치매 진행에 미치는 영향

김진영(Jinyoung Kim),김상하(Sangha Kim),명우재(Woojae Myung),강효신(Hyo Shin Kang),나덕렬(Duk L. Na),김성윤(Seong Yoon Kim),이재홍(Jae-Hong Lee),한설희(Seol-Heui Han),최성혜(Seong Hye Choi),김상윤(Sang Yun Kim),김도관(Doh Kwan Kim) 대한노인정신의학회 2014 노인정신의학 Vol.18 No.2

Objective:Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at high risk for dementia. Excessive alcohol consumption is known to adversely affect cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk for dementia in a cohort of MCI patients. Methods:Participants (n=416) with (MCI) who met Petersen’s criteria were recruited from a nationwide, prospective cohort study of dementia and were followed for a median of 17.52 months (range 5.4-63.48). Alcohol consumption was evaluated at baseline. Results:One hundred twenty seven individuals (30.5%) developed incident dementia (115 Alzheimer disease) during follow-up. Patients with current alcohol consumption at baseline had a higher rate of progression to Alzheimer’s dementia than those without current alcohol consumption (hazard ratio 1.61 ; 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 2.53). Conclusion:Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of progression to Alzheimer’s dementia in patients with MCI.

On the Interconnection Networks with Hierarchical Structures

Kim, Sangha 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.21 No.2

The paper explores the Hierarchical Interconnection Network(HIN) which is suitable for building massively parallel processing system with thousands of processor. The HIN is a network fabric constructed by the recursive fashion. That is, each fabric is interconnected by building blocks, each of which is also lower level network fabric. The basic building block, the innermost one, is also an interconnection network which should be selected carefully since it has great influence on the characteristics of overall network. In this paper, we will show that a HIN has O(loglogN) links per node and lower diameter drastic reduction in the number of links has useful implication in the VLSI implementation of a node in massively parallel systems. A HIN can emulate all the connections of a hypercube of the same size, in the execution of algorithms by proving the same kind of conflict free routing as provided in the hypercube.

이온전달향상을 위한 패턴 구조를 이용한 이온교환막 위 전기수력학적와류 조절

김상하(Sangha Kim),김준현(Joonhyeon Kim),곽노균(Rhokyun Kwak) 대한기계학회 2018 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2018 No.12

Patterned structures in electrochemical systems is used to generate vortices and enhance ion transport convectively. In this paper, we present the new role of this vortex promoter, i.e. controlling electroconvective vortex (EC) on ion exchange membranes. On the membrane, nonlinear ion concentration polarization under a relatively high voltage generated EC; and flow shear can suppress EC, so limits the convective ion transport. In this scenario, the patterned structures on the membrane not only generates vortices as a vortex promoter, but also acts as a shelter to protect EC from shear flow. To verify this effect, we visualized EC with six different patterns under various applied voltage. The strength of EC was then quantified by measuring velocity fields and vorticities. Experimental results show that the blunt structure (i.e. Square) is not the best option for a vortex promoter. It can shelter EC effectively, resulting the highest ion flux through the membrane (60 % enhancement). To the best of our knowledge, this is first demonstration of the EC control by using pattern structures for enhancing electrochemical systems.

Drag and heat-flux assessment of hypersonic flow on an asymmetric blunt shaped body

Ikhyun Kim,Keunyeong Kim,Sangha Park,Byungkook Jang,Gisu Park,Gi-Hyuk Choi 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.8

Assessment of aerodynamic forces and heat-transfer rates for certain flight conditions is an essential task in designing a hypersonic vehicle. Experimental investigation of impulse ground-based type facilities is researchers standard practice for such purposes. However, due to extremely short test times of the flow, measurement of aerodynamic forces and heat-transfer rates in such facilities causes many technical issues. This study presents a series of drag and heat-flux measurements taken in the shock tunnel. An asymmetric blunt shaped forebody was tested at a nominal Mach 6. A conventional accelerometer-based drag balance system was applied to the test model during force measurements. K-type thermocouple sensors were used to measure surface heat-transfer rates. A comprehensive procedure for implementation and calibration of each measurement technique is provided in a single manuscript.

태양광 패널 폐기물의 처리와 관리의 동향

박상하 ( Sangha Park ),김욱 ( Wook Kim ),김명선 ( Myeongsun Kim ),김연정 ( Yeonjeong Kim ),정석희 ( Sokhee P. Jung ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2021 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Solar energy is attracting attention as a major source of renewable energy. Solar power generation has grown rapidly since the 2000s. Owing to the recent indications of a rapid increase in solar power generation wastes, it is imperative that countermeasures be implemented. Accordingly, the Korean government introduced an extended producer responsibility (EPR) system to resolve the problem of solar panel disposal and recycling; however, there are some requirements that do not reflect the domestic conditions. This paper discusses the EPR system expected to be introduced in the future and the directions of improvement of domestic laws in the treatment of solar panel wastes. First, necessary measures must be considered to prevent leakage of lead and harmful substances in landfills during waste panel treatment. Currently, most of the solar panels that are not exported are being disposed through landfills. Lead and arsenic were detected in these wastes by dissolution analysis of the solar panel samples manufactured in Korea, which shows their capacity for environmental damage. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing treatment methods and to prepare countermeasures against illegal disposal of solar panel wastes. Second, it is necessary to take action against enterprises responsible for demolition, transportation, and disposal of such wastes. Solar power generation facilities are generally installed by legally specified contractors, but in the case of dismantling and transporting waste panels, there are no legal designations for relevant personnel. Third, it is necessary to establish a recycling system for these wastes. Domestic solar panels are generally exported overseas, but there is uncertainty about export to overseas markets, so the domestic recycling market should be revitalized. In Korea, a recycling system is not established, and no technology is available for recycling. Therefore, research on recycling technologies and establishment of a rational system are necessary. Finally, it is necessary to extend the lifespan, improve efficiency, and increase the possibility of reusing solar panels by improving their technology. Currently, the installed photovoltaic power generation facilities are vulnerable to recycling and reuse and have short lifespans. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the lifespans of solar panels through technological developments, efficiency improvements, and focus on future reuse of the panels.

지속적 한부모가족 청소년의 학교생활적응 변화궤적과 관련 요인

김상하 ( Kim Sangha ),진미정 ( Chin Meejung ) 한국가족관계학회 2018 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objectives: This study aims to examine a school adjustment trajectory of adolescents from continued single parent families and its associated factors by comparing it to that of adolescents of two-parent families. Methods: We selected 4th grade students from Korean Youth & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). Using a multi-level growth modeling, we followed the trajectory of school adjustment until 9th grade and the effects of family income, parenting styles, and academic motivations of adolescents on the intercepts and the slopes. Results: Adolescents' school adjustment were decreased from 4th grade to 7th grade and then increased from 7th to 9th grade. The adolescents of continued single parent families showed a lower school adjustment than those of two parent families and this trend remained constant during the period. The effects of family income, parenting style, and academic motivation were confirmed to explain the gap between the adolescents of single parent and two parent families. Conclusions: The results imply that an earlier intervention is necessary to reduce the gap. We need to offer income support and decent quality of work for single parent family to reduce the economic hardship and also provide parental education that is designed to enhance academic expectations and motivations.

Effects of Screen Time on Problematic Behavior in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea

Iyeon Kim,Lee Sangha,양수진,Kim Donghee,김효진,Shin Yunmi 대한소아청소년 정신의학회 2023 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.34 No.3

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a decrease in face-to-face classes worldwide, affecting the mental health of children and their parents. The global pandemic has increased children’s overall use of electronic media. This study analyzed the effect of children’s screen time on problematic behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 186 parents from Suwon, South Korea, were recruited to participate in an online survey. The mean age of the children was 10.14 years old, and 44.1% were females. The questionnaire included questions on children’s screen time, problematic behaviors, and parental stress. Children’s behavioral problems were evaluated using the Behavior Problem Index, whereas the Parental Stress Scale was used to estimate parental stress. Results: The mean smartphone usage frequency of the children was 5.35 days per week, and the mean smartphone screen time was 3.52 hours per day. Smartphone screen time (Z=4.49, p<0.001) and usage frequency (Z=2.75, p=0.006) were significantly correlated with children’s behavioral problem scores. The indirect effect of parental stress on this relationship was also statistically significant (p=0.049, p=0.045, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that children’s smartphone screen time has affected problematic behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, parental stress is related to the relationship between children’s screen time and problematic behaviors.

부사어를 활용한 수화 애니메이션 생성

김상하(Sangha Kim),박종철(Jong C. Park) 한국HCI학회 2008 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.2

Sign languages, commonly used in aurally challenged communities, are a king of visual language expressing sign words with motion. Spatiality and motility of a sign language are conveyed mainly via sign words as predicates. A predicate is modified by an adverbial phrase with an accompanying change in its semantics so that the adverbial phrase can also affect the overall spatiality and motility of expressions of a sign language. In this paper, we analyze the semantic features of adverbial phrases which may affect the motion-related semantics of a predicate in converting expressions in Korean into those in a sign language and propose a system that generates corresponding animation by utilizing these features. 수화는 농인 사회에서 주로 사용되는 언어로서 공간상에 수화 동작을 표현함으로써 의사를 전달하는 시각언어이다. 이런 수화의 공간성과 운동성은 서술어 동작을 통해 특히 잘드러나는데, 서술어는 수식하는 부사어에 의해 그 의미를 수식, 한정 받는다는 특성이 있어 이는 수화의 공간성과 운동성에 많은 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 한국어-수화 변환 과정에서 서술어 동작에 영향을 미치는 부사어의 자질 정보를 분석하고 이를 활용하여 수화의 운동성을 살린 애니메이션을 생성할 수 있는 시스템을 제안하고자 한다.