Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems: A Current Review on the Promising Paclitaxel Formulations for Future Cancer Therapy

Ru Fang,Shaozong Yang,Yanbin Wang,Hua Qian 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.5

"Paclitaxel (PTX) is usual for the treatment of a variety of malignancies, however, its applications are greatly limited due to its poor water solubility. Over the past years, there has been a considerable research interest in the area of nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDSs) as carrier for PTX due to their solubilization, safety, targeting and controlled release. There are many different types and shapes of nanoscale DDSs that have been prepared to deliver PTX, including nanoliposome, lipid nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, nanocapsule, nanofiber, nanotube, nanopolymersome, micelle and nanoparticle (NP). Nanascale DDSs can be based on lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, polymers or other materials. The recent strategic developments of PTX formulation have been discussed with emphasis on lipid-, polymer- and protein-based nanoscale DDSs. Here we focus on the comparative analysis of the preparation, morphology, solubilization, targeting, penetrability, controllability and efficacy profile of various PTX-loaded nanoscale DDSs, which were reported in the different researches. Meanwhile the advantages and disadvantages are also discussed for each type of DDS. Furthermore, the current review embodies an in-depth discussion of human serum albumin (HSA) NP formulation, which showed significantly great efficacy and low toxicity. All the information obtained in this review might shed light on designing new and better nanoscale PTX formulations for potential anticancer applications in the clinic."

상업성과 예술성을 위한 저예산 영화에 대한 연구 -영화 〈나는 약신이 아니다〉을 중심으로-

림팡루(Lin, Fang Ru),김해윤(Kim, Hae Yoon) 한국콘텐츠학회 2019 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

계량분석법에 의한 작가주의 영화 스타일 연구 -홍상수 감독 영화 중심으로-

린팡루 ( Lin Fang-ru ),김해윤 ( Kim Hae Yoon ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2023 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.84 No.-

디지털 인문 시대의 환경 속에서 통계학과 영화 이론을 결합한 정량적 연구 방법은 점차 영화 연구 분야에 적용되기 시작하였고, 연구 방법의 객관성과 과학성은 영화 분야 학술 연구자의 관심을 끌었다. 통계학과 영화학이 결합한 많은 선행연구를 분석한 결과, 대부분이 영화 쇼트와 편집에 대한 정량적 통계를 통한 영화 스타일에 대한 연구이다. 이들 선행연구는 대부분 미국 할리우드 등 상업영화를 연구 대상으로 삼은 연구로써 작가주의 영화 또는 예술 영화에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 연구의 부족을 보완하기 위해 본 연구는 홍상수 감독의 영화를 연구 대상으로 삼고 쇼트 길이 분포 및 편집률을 분석함으로써 한국 작가주의의 영화 스타일을 연구하였다. 영화의 쇼트 길이와 해당 시간을 표본으로 수집하여 쇼트 길이 분포와 선행연구에서 제안한 일반적인 영화 쇼트 길이의 분포 규칙의 적합도에 대해 분석한 결과, 그 적합도가 낮은 것으로 나타났으며 홍상수 감독의 영화 쇼트 길이의 분포가 보편성을 지니고 있지 않음을 알 수 있다. 또한, 편집률에 대한 계산을 통해 영화의 편집 리듬을 도출하여 홍상수 감독의 영화 스타일을 파악할 수 있다. 본 연구는 선행연구를 바탕으로 영화 스타일에 대한 정량적 연구를 수행하고 작가주의 영화 작품에 대한 데이터 가시화 작업을 수행함으로써 선행연구에 대한 검증뿐만 아니라 예술 영화 연구 이론을 세분화하여 영화 연구에 새로운 방식을 제공할 것으로 기대한다. In the context of digital humanities, the method of combining the theories of statistics and cinematography for quantitative film studies has been proposed within the field of film studies, and the objectivity and scientific nature of its research methods have received the attention of film researchers. According to the findings of a large cumulative literature on the combination of statistics and cinematography, most of them are film style studies conducted by measuring statistics on shots and clips of films. The scope of their research is mostly studies conducted on commercial films such as Hollywood in the United States, and there is a lack of research on artistic films such as writer's films. To bridge this gap, this study uses shot length distribution and editing rate to study the film style of Korean writerism, using Hong Sang-soo's films as a case study. By obtaining the shot length of the film, corresponding to the time as the sample data, the shot length distribution was fitted to the pattern of shot length distribution of universal films proposed by the researcher, and it was found that the fit was low, concluding that the shot length distribution of Hong Sang-soo's films is not universal. In addition, by calculating the editing rate, the editing rhythm of director Hong Sang-soo can be derived, and thus the film style of director Hong Sang-soo. This study conducts a quantitative film style study based on previous research, and the research practice of data visualization for writerism films not only confirms previous research, refines the theoretical vision of art film research, and provides a new path for film research.

Development of an automated guidance system for rice transplanter1

( Fang-ming Zhang ),( Xi-ming Feng ),( Yuan Li ),( Beom-soo Shin ),( Ru-jiang Shou ) 한국농업기계학회 2012 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.17 No.1

An automated guidance system was developed on a rice transplanter. A distributed embedded computer system, one ECC and 5 ECUs, was constructed. Two Kalman filters were formed. The 1^st one, named as global Kalman filter, integrated data of a RTK-GPS, a strapdown attitude sensor, and two encoders. The 2^nd one, named as local Kalman filter, integrated data of a strapdown attitude sensor and two encoders. A PID controller was applied to row following control, whose offset RMS could less than 4 cm at speed of 1.2 m/s. A U-turn controller was also designed that it could control the transplanter in a go-turn-back mode.

The Program to Reduce the Incidence of Pressure Ulcer in the Patient during the Operation

Ru-Ching Huang,Hsiu-Chu Huang,Hsiu-Li Hu,Wei-Fang Wang 한국간호과학회 2005 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10

Effects of fission product doping on the structure, electronic structure, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of uranium monocarbide: A first-principles study

Ru-Ting Liang,Tao Bo,Wan-Qiu Yin,Chang-Ming Nie,Lei Zhang,Zhi-Fang Chai,Wei-Qun Shi Korean Nuclear Society 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.7

A first-principle approach within the framework of density functional theory was employed to study the effect of vacancy defects and fission products (FPs) doping on the mechanical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of uranium monocarbide (UC). Firstly, the calculated vacancy formation energies confirm that the C vacancy is more stable than the U vacancy. The solution energies indicate that FPs prefer to occupying in U site rather than in C site. Zr, Mo, Th, and Pu atoms tend to directly replace U atom and dissolve into the UC lattice. Besides, the results of the mechanical properties show that U vacancy reduces the compressive and deformation resistance of UC while C vacancy has little effect. The doping of all FPs except He has a repairing effect on the mechanical properties of U_1-xC. In addition, significant modifications are observed in the phonon dispersion curves and partial phonon density of states (PhDOS) of UC_1-x, Zr_xU_1-xC, Mo_xU_1-xC, and Rh_xU_1-xC, including narrow frequency gaps and overlapping phonon modes, which increase the phonon scattering and lead to deterioration of thermal expansion coefficient (α_V) and heat capacity (C_p) of UC predicted by the quasi harmonic approximation (QHA) method.

Prescribed Performance Adaptive Neural Tracking Control for Strict-feedback Markovian Jump Nonlinear Systems with Time-varying Delay

Ru Chang,Yi-ming Fang,Le Liu,Ke-song Kang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.3

A prescribed performance adaptive neural tracking control problem is investigated for strict-feedbackMarkovian jump nonlinear systems with time-varying delay. First, a new prescribed performance constraint variableis proposed to generate the virtual control that forces the tracking error to fall within prescribed boundaries. Combining with the approximation capability of neural networks and backstepping design, the adaptive trackingcontroller is designed. The designed controller is independent on time delay by constructing appropriate Lyapunovfunctions to offset the unknown time-varying delays. It is proved that the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimatelybounded in probability, and that both steady-state and transient-state performances are guaranteed. Finally,simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Identification and characterization of a novel endoglucanase (CMCase) isolated from the larval gut of Bombyx mori

Ru-Jian Ma,Chun-Yan Wang,Yan-Wei Liu,Thasma Raman Sivakumar,Zi-Xu Ren,Ying Fang,Jun-Qiang Jia,Zhong-Zheng Gui 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.1

While screening for cellulase-producing fungi from insect gut, a fungus with high endoglucanase (carboxymethylcellulase; CMCase) activitywas isolated fromthe larval gut of Bombyx mori. Based onmorphological characteristicsand using an 18S rRNA-based molecular phylogenetic approach, the fungus, strain BMC-2, was identified as aMucor sp. expressing a novel alkalotolerant cellulase. The maximum production of cellulase by the BMC-2 strainwas observed at 55°C and pH8.0. The CMCase activity was inhibited by Cu2+ N Na+ N Zn2+ N Mg2+ N Ba2+, andinduced by Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, and K+.

Genetic Polymorphism of GSTP1: Prediction of Clinical Outcome to Oxaliplatin/5-FU-based Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer

Qing-Fang Li,Ru-Yong Yao,Ke-wei Liu,Hong-Ying Lv,Tao Jiang,Jun Liang 대한의학회 2010 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.25 No.6

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the polymorphism Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val on oxaliplatin/5-FU-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Patients with advanced gastric cancer accepted oxaliplatin/5-FU-based chemotherapy as first-line chemotherapy were investigated. GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was detected by TaqMan-MGB probe allelic discrimination method. Response to treatment was assessed by disease controlled rate. Time to progression, overall survival and toxicities were recorded. Final patient outcomes were as follows: the allele frequencies of GSTP1 were 105Ile/105Ile 52%, 105Ile/105Val 41% and 105Val/105Val 7%. For patients with 105Ile/105Ile and those with at least one 105Val allele, disease control rate was 39% and 71% (P=0.026), respectively;median time to progression was 4.0 and 7.0 months (P=0.002); median overall survival time was 7.0 and 9.5 months (P=0.002). Neurological toxicity was more frequently occurred in patients with two 105Ile alleles (P=0.005). In conclusion, patients with at least one 105Val allele have better prognosis and response to oxaliplatin/5-FUbased regimen as first-line treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Development of a Prototype of Guidance System for Rice-transplanter

Zhang, Fang-Ming,Shin, Beom-Soo,Feng, Xi-Ming,Li, Yuan,Shou, Ru-Jiang Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2013 바이오시스템공학 Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: It is not easy to drive a rice-transplanter avoiding underlapped or overlapped transplanting in paddy fields. An automated guidance system for the riding-type rice-transplanter would be necessary to operate the rice-transplanter autonomously or to assist the beginning drivers as a driving aid. Methods: A prototype of guidance system was composed of embedded computers, RTK-GPS, and a power-steering mechanism. Two Kalman filters were adopted to overcome sparse positioning data (1 Hz) from the RTK-GPS. A global Kalman filter estimated the posture of rice-transplanter every one second, and a local Kalman filter calculated the posture from every new estimation of the global Kalman filter with an interval of 200 ms. A PID controller was applied to the row-following mode control. A control method of U-turning mode was developed as well. A stepping motor with a reduction gear set was used to rotate the shaft of steering wheel. Results: Test trials for U-turning and row-following modes were done in a paddy field after some parameters have been tuned at the ground speed range of 0.3 ~ 1.2 m/s. The minimum RMS error of offset was 3.13 cm at the ground speed of 0.3 m/s while the maximum RMS error was 13.01 cm at 1.2 m/s. The offset RMS error tended to increase as the ground speed increased. The target point distance, LT also affected the system performance and PID controller parameters should be adjusted on different ground speeds. Conclusions: A target angle-based PID controller plus stationary steering angle controller made it possible for the rice-transplanter to steer autonomously by following a reference line accurately and even on U-turning mode. However, as condition in paddy fields is very complicated, the system should control the ground speed that prevents it from deviating too much due to ditch and slope.