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Societal and Individual Benefits of Sport Participation
Michael E. Naylor,Yu-Kyoum Kim 한국체육학회 2010 International journal of human movement science Vol.4 No.1
In part as a response to sport trending toward physically inactive involvement, calls have come from prominent sport management scholars to rethink sport’'s greater societal role (Chalip, 2006, Zeigler, 2007). Along with physical benefits, prevailing wisdom still holds that there are other individual and societal benefits associated with sport participation (Bloom, Grant & Watt, 2005; Howley, 2008). The research presented develops and validates a new instrument measuring the importance that community members place on these various societal dimensions of sport participation. Demographically based differences are presented, and although limited evidence is found that relates the new construct to participation motivations and behavioral intentions, further work to develop a comprehensive model involving participant attitudes related to the societal dimension should be of interest to sport marketers.
A societal perspective of sport: scale development in two settings
Michael E. Naylor,Brian S. Gordon,Jeffrey D. James 한국마케팅과학회 2012 마케팅과학연구 Vol.22 No.2
Sport scholars have been challenged to critically examine what constitutes distinctive areas of focus for the management of sport. Among these areas, the role of sport in society has been identified as a critical area of inquiry to derive this distinctiveness (Coalter, 2007; Zeigler, 2007). Due to the importance and pervasiveness of sport participation and sport spectating in society, an examination of these settings from a societal perspective is warranted. The purpose of the research was to construct and empirically test scales designed to explore sport participation and sport spectating contexts from a societal perspective. Sport participants (n ¼ 720) and sport spectators (n ¼ 451) completed adapted instruments based on the initial scale development work of Kang (2004). For both contexts, an examination of the psychometric properties revealed evidence of reliability and validity of the modified instruments. Perceptions of the dimensions differed between the sport participation and sport spectating setting. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Dietary Manipulation of Lean Tissue Deposition in Broiler Chickens
Choct, M.,Naylor, A.J.,Oddy, V.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.5
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of graded levels of dietary chromium and leucine, and different fat sources on performance and body composition of broiler chickens. The results showed that chromium picolinate at 0.5 ppm significantly (p<0.05) lowered the carcass fat level. Gut weight and carcass water content were increased as a result of chromium treatment. Body weight, plucked weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat pad weight, breast yield and feed efficiency were unaffected by chromium treatment. Leucine did not interact with chromium to effect lean growth. Dietary leucine above the recommended maintenance level (1.2% of diet) markedly (p<0.001) reduced the breast muscle yield. The addition of fish oil to broiler diets reduced (p<0.05) the abdominal fat pad weights compared to birds on linseed diets. Fish oil is believed to improve lean growth through the effects of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in lowering the very low-density lipoprotein levels and triglyceride in the blood, in the meantime increasing glucose uptake into the muscle tissue in blood and by minimizing the negative impact of the immune system on protein breakdown. The amount of fat in the diet (2% or 4%) did not affect body composition.
The Effect of Dietary Selenium Source and Vitamin E Levels on Performance of Male Broilers
Choct, M.,Naylor, A.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.7
Selenium and vitamin E are micronutrients essential for normal health and maintenance in poultry. They are necessary in preventing free radical damage to phospholipid membranes, enzymes and other important molecules. Two experiments were conducted in a semi-commercial environment to examine the effect of Se source and vitamin E level in diet on broiler performance and meat quality. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU did not affect growth performance of broilers although the 24 h drip-loss was tended to be reduced (p=0.06). There was an interaction between vitamin E and the source of Se in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and Se concentration in excreta. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU elevated GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 42 IU/g Hb and 0.9 ppm for the organic Se group, respectively, but reduced GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 16 IU/g Hb and 1.3 ppm for inorganic group, respectively. Vitamin E played no role in the feather coverage of the birds when scored on day 37. Organic Se is more effective in improving feather score and 24 h drip-loss, with a markedly higher deposition rate in breast muscle and a lower excretion rate in the excreta (p<0.05) compared to the inorganic Se source. Both vitamin E and the source of Se did not affect (p>0.05) the energy utilisation by birds.
Crystalline Bilayer Graphene with Preferential Stacking from Ni-Cu Gradient Alloy
Gao, Zhaoli,Zhang, Qicheng,Naylor, Carl H.,Kim, Youngkuk,Abidi, Irfan Haider,Ping, Jinglei,Ducos, Pedro,Zauberman, Jonathan,Zhao, Meng-Qiang,Rappe, Andrew M.,Luo, Zhengtang,Ren, Li,Johnson, Alan T. Ch American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.3
<P>We developed a high-yield synthesis of highly crystalline bilayer graphene (BLG) with two preferential stacking modes using a Ni-Cu gradient alloy growth substrate. Previously reported approaches for BLG growth include flat growth substrates of Cu or Ni-Cu <I>uniform</I> alloys and “copper pocket” structures. Use of flat substrates has the advantage of being scalable, but the growth mechanism is either “surface limited” (for Cu) or carbon precipitation (for uniform Ni-Cu), which results in multicrystalline BLG grains. For copper pockets, growth proceeds through a carbon back-diffusion mechanism, which leads to the formation of highly crystalline BLG, but scaling of the copper pocket structure is expected to be difficult. Here we demonstrate a Ni-Cu gradient alloy that combines the advantages of these earlier methods: the substrate is flat, so easy to scale, while growth proceeds by a carbon back-diffusion mechanism leading to high-yield growth of BLG with high crystallinity. The BLG layer stacking was almost exclusively Bernal or twisted with an angle of 30°, consistent with first-principles calculations we conducted. Furthermore, we demonstrated scalable production of transistor arrays based crystalline Bernal-stacked BLG with a band gap that was tunable at room temperature.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Scalable Production of Sensor Arrays Based on High-Mobility Hybrid Graphene Field Effect Transistors
Gao, Zhaoli,Kang, Hojin,Naylor, Carl H.,Streller, Frank,Ducos, Pedro,Serrano, Madeline D.,Ping, Jinglei,Zauberman, Jonathan,Rajesh,Carpick, Robert W.,Wang, Ying-Jun,Park, Yung Woo,Luo, Zhengtang,Ren, American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.41
<P>We have developed a scalable fabrication process for the production of DNA biosensors based on gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene field effect transistors (AuNP-Gr-FETs), where monodisperse AuNPs are created through physical vapor deposition followed by thermal annealing. The FETs are created in a four-probe configuration, using an optimized bilayer photolithography process that yields chemically clean devices, as confirmed by XPS and AFM, with high carrier mobility (3590 +/- 710 cm2/V.s) and low unintended doping (Dirac voltages of 9.4 +/- 2.7 V). The AuNP-Gr-FETs were readily functionalized with thiolated probe DNA to yield DNA biosensors with a detection limit of 1 nM and high specificity against noncomplementary DNA. Our work provides a pathway toward the scalable fabrication of high-performance AuNP-Gr-FET devices for label-free nucleic acid testing in a realistic clinical setting.</P>
Nina L. Cluny,Robert J. Naylor,Brian A. Whittle,Farideh A. Javid 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.9
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal (GI) transit in pathophysiologic in vivo models, while having no effect in physiologic controls. The actions of the precursor of CBD, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), have not been investigated in the GI tract. The actions of these phytocannabinoids on the contractility of the GI tract of Suncus murinus were investigated in the current study. The effects of CBDA and CBD in resting state and pre-contracted isolated intestinal segments, and on the contractile effects of carbachol and electrical field stimulation (EFS) on the intestines of S. murinus were examined. CBDA and CBD induced a reduction in resting tissue tension of isolated intestinal segments which was not blocked by the cannabinoid CB_1 receptor antagonist, AM251, the CB_2 receptor antagonist AM630, or tetrodotoxin. CBDA and CBD reduced the magnitude of contractions induced by carbachol and the tension of intestinal segments that were pre-contracted with potassium chloride. In tissues stimulated by EFS, CBDA inhibited contractions induced by lower frequencies (0.1-4.0 Hz) of EFS, while CBD inhibited contractions induced by higher frequencies (4.0-20.0 Hz) of EFS. The data suggest that CBDA and CBD have inhibitory actions on the intestines of S. murinus that are not neuronallymediated or mediated via CB_1 or CB_2 receptors.